Senjecas - The Visit 1-20
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Pronunciation table
(labial) |
riisűko (dental) |
muitűko (alveolar) |
vainűko (palatal) |
ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प) |
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ɔ | o | u | ı | ɛ | y | |||||||||||||
| ब | फ | भ | म़ | म | त | द | थ | ध | ल़ | ल | च | ज | स | स़ | र | न | क | ग | क़ | ग़ | ह | य | स्व | स्य | इ ई पि पी |
ए एै पे पै |
अ आ प पा |
ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ |
ओ औ पो पौ |
उ ऊ पु पू |
पं | पऺ | पॅ | |||||||||||||
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ | ||||||||||||
Glossing abbreviations
| 1s/p = 1st person singular/plural | ABL = ablative suffix | COL = collective | F = feminine | INT = intensive prefix | PRV = privative prefix | SUP = supine |
| 2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural | ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) | DES = desiderative | FRQ = frequentative | LAT = lative suffix | PST = past | TRZ = transitivizer |
| 3 = 3rd person | ADV = adverb | DIM = diminutive | FUT = future | LOC = locative suffix | REV = reversive | VOC = vocative particle |
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) | AG = agent | ELIS = elision | IMP = imperative | M = masculine | Q = interrogative particle | YNG = young |
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) | AP = agent (active) participle | ELT = elative | INC = inchoative | OCC = occupation suffix | QUOT = direct quotation | |
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) | AUG = augmentative | EP = epenthesis | IND = indicative | PP = patient (past) participle | RPR = recent perfective | |
| V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) | CAUS = causative | EQU = equative degree | INS = instrument | PRF = perfect | SBJ = subjunctive |
Text
- English Text
- Senjecan Translation
- Gloss
- 1. In the beginning Damvelu had two wives.
- toðra̋s d̬ő kőzus damvelűs o e-e̋sa:
toðr-a̋s d̬ő kőz-us damvel-űs o e=e̋s-a beginning-G.s two wife-N.p Damvelu-G.s to PST=be-IND
- 2. Balkozu was like the other women of the People, fair of face and fair of hair and fair to look upon.
- balkőzu teutűs ánu ǧenűm sőmu e-e̋sa. govmőőrmuk̬e govpı̋lmuk̬e ża̋bu gőbuk̬e:
bal.kőz-u teut-űs ánu-Ø ǧen-űm sőm-u e=e̋s-a gov.mőőr.m-u=k̬e gov.pı̋l.m-u=k̬e ża̋b-u gőb-u=k̬e fertile.wife-N.s People-G.s other-ABS woman-G.p like-N.s PST=be-IND fair.face.having-N.s=and fair.hair.having-N.s=and look_upon-SUP fair-N.s=and
- 3. She had borne him sons and daughters.
- ii-éȝ' ur-eȝús éra pőikunk̬e zı̋dunk̬' e-iı̋ı̋na:
ii=éȝ=' ur=eȝ-ús éra pőik-un=k̬e zı̋d-un=k̬=' e=i~ı̋ı̋n-a F=3=ELIS M=3-G.s for son-A.p=and daughter-A.p=and=ELIS PST=PRF~bear-IND
- 4. But Pusgamu was not like the others, having been taken in her youth in a raid on another people.
- ésti puusga̋mu anúm sóma e-e̋sa ne. ánu le̋uðum þóósa nuðra̋s éna eȝu-bexta̋s éna k̨őɫaþu iı̋laþu:
ésti puus.ga̋m-u an-úm sóma e=e̋s-a ne but foreign.co_wife-N.s other-G.p like PST=be-IND not
ánu-Ø le̋uð-um þóósa nuðr-a̋s éna eȝu=bext-a̋s éna k̨őɫ-a-þ-u i~ı̋l-a-þ-u other-ABS people-A.s against raid-G.s in her=youth-G.s in abduct-IND-PP-N.s PRF~become-IND-PP-N.s
- 5. She was swart with hair and eyes the color of fresh earth.
- lőővo talős teerős pilősk̬e t̬alőmk̬e móóda lűűgu e-vűűa:
lőővo-Ø tal-ős teer-ős pil-ős=k̬e t̬al-őm=k̬e móóda lűűg-u e=vűű-a fresh-ABS earth-G.s color-G.s hair-G.s=and eye-G.p=and with swart-N.s PST=be-IND
- 6. However, if truth be told, she was comelier than Balkozu.
- ésti. ébi m̃e̋e̋rta te̋e̋aþa ile̋ȝa. balkozű' sóma e-e̋sa:
ésti ébi m̃e̋e̋rt-a te̋e̋-a-þ-a il-e̋ȝa bal.kozű=' sóma e=e̋s-a however if truth-N.s tell-IND-PP-N.s become-SBJ fertile.wife-G.s=ELIS than PST=be-IND
- 7. Although she had skill in midwifery and in the growing of plants and the tending of animals, she herself was barren.
- sáám' iinþőnom da mula̋lu da tast̬e̋e̋ram e-dűba. éȝu mı̋u hűṡu e-e̋sa:
sáám=' iin.þőn-om da mul.a̋l-u da tas.t̬e̋e̋r-am e=dűb-a éȝ-u mı̋-u hűṡ-u e=e̋s-a although=ELIS birth.help-A.s and plant-grow-SUP and animal.care-A.s PST=have.skill.in-IND 3-N.s self-N.s barren-N.s PST=be-IND
- 8. And although Damvelu loved her dearly, yet her barrenness weighed heavily upon her.
- da. sáámi damve̋lu lááðvi éȝum e-m̃e̋na. ódu eȝu-hűsta šéérvi eȝús éva e-te̋la:
da sáámi damve̋l-u lááð=vi éȝ-um e=m̃e̋n-a ódu eȝu=hűst-a šéér=vi eȝ-ús éva e=te̋l-a and although Liimdaau-N.s dear=ADV 3-A.s PST=love-IND yet her=barrenness-N.s heavy=ADV 3-G.s on PST=weigh-IND
- 9. It was at the time of calving and lambing that one of the shepherds came to her in the early hours of the morning.
- b̨orżéðkeesa̋sk̬e bílosżéðkeesa̋sk̬e. om̃taðlűs tévu aaȝa̋s ba̋ża orda̋m ii-eȝús o e-ǧe̋ma:
b̨or.żéð.kees-a̋s=k̬e bílos.żéð.kees-a̋s=k̬e om̃.tað-l-űs tév-u aaȝ-a̋s ba̋ża-Ø ord-a̋m ii=eȝ-ús o e=ǧe̋m-a calf.birth.time-G.s=and lamb.birth.time-G.s=and sheep.herd-AG-G.s one-N.s morning-G.s early-ABS hour-G.p F=3-G.s to PST=come-IND
- 10. Careful not to wake the others of the household, he called her to come up from the underground dwelling.
- nomrűs ánun ze̋lu ze le̋uvru arge̋l̨om ápa kőþu ii-éȝum e-ha̋m̃a:
nomr-űs án-un ze̋l-u ze le̋uvr-u arge̋l̨-om ápa kőþ-u ii=éȝ-um e=ha̋m̃-a household-G.s other-A.p awaken-SUP not careful-N.s underground_dwelling-A.s from come_up-SUP F=3-A.s PST=call-IND
- 11. "What brings you to the village at this early hour?" she asked as she stepped out into the moonlight.
- méti ii-éȝu eiðf̨oþős éna e-pe̋da. e-me̋ta: m̃a xo ba̋ża i-orda̋' ṡe̋im̃om do tum ne̋xa:
méti ii=éȝ-u eið.f̨oþ-ős éna e=pe̋d-a e=me̋t-a m̃a x-o ba̋ża-Ø i=ord-a̋=' ṡe̋im̃-om do t-um ne̋x-a an F=3-N.s moon.light-G.s into PST=step-IND PST=ask-IND QUOT what-N.s early-ABS this=hour-G.s=ELIS village-N.s to 2s-A bring-IND
- 12. "One of the ewes, Mother," he replied with reverence (for the People were in awe of her and her power over birth and growth), "one of the ewes has been in labor for some time and is near death from exhaustion.
- aisra̋s móóda éȝu e-kı̋ra. hi le̋uðu ii-eȝús da piðra̋sk̬e taalra̋sk̬e úpa eȝu-m̃aka̋s aisnaaős épa e-vűűa: m̃a maama̋. moise̋s áfa tévu dómvi pıpı̋da da muðra̋s ha nesra̋s ȝóba vűűa:
aisr-a̋s móóda éȝ-u e=kı̋r-a hi le̋uð-u ii=eȝ-ús da piðr-a̋s=k̬e taalr-a̋s=k̬e úpa eȝu=m̃ak-a̋s aisnaa-ős épa e=vűű-a: reverence-G.s with 3-N.s PST=reply-IND for people-N.s F=3-G.s and birth-G.s=and growth-G.s-and over her=power-G.s awe-G.s in PST=be-IND
m̃a maam-a̋ mois-e̋s áfa tév-u dóm=vi pı~pı̋d-a da muðr-a̋s ha nesr-a̋s ȝóba vűű-a m̃ar QUOT mother-V.s ewe-G.s of one-N.s long=ADV PRF~birth-IND and exhaustion-G.s from death-G.s near be-IND
- 13. We shall lose the two if you do not come and help."
- ébi tu ǧeme̋ȝa ze da þőne̋ȝa. toári m̃us d̬ő éȝen u-ha̋ȝa:
ébi t-u ǧem-e̋ȝa ze da þon-e̋ȝa toári m̃-us d̬ő éȝ-en u=ha̋ȝ-a if 2s-N come-SBJ not and help-SBJ then 1p-N two 3-A.p FUT=lose-IND
- 14. Throwing her mantle about her shoulders to ward off the early morning chill, she hastened with him to the flock.
- ba̋żo aaisoitam xőőru tááda va̋a̋hon áána ṡelı̋ṡom ȝe̋e̋antu e̋ɫhom do éȝum súna e-pa̋sa:
ba̋żo-Ø aai.soit-am xőőr-u tááda va̋a̋h-on áána ṡelı̋ṡ-om ȝe̋e̋-a-nt-u e̋ɫh-om do éȝ-um súna e=pa̋s-a early-ABS morning.chill-A.s ward_off-SUP in_order_to shoulder-A.p around mantle-A.s throw-IND-AP-N.s flock-A.s to 3-A.s with PST=hasten-IND
- 15. The flock was pastured at a distance from the village and, by the time they arrived, the silvern moon was slipping below the earth.
- e̋ɫho ṡeim̃ős þifápa paaȝı̋d̨aþo e-ı̋la. da téni éȝus e-tőpa. kűre e̋ide ta̋lam néra pı̋zant' e-vűűa:
e̋ɫh-o ṡeim̃-ős þif.ápa paaȝ-ı̋d̨-a-þ-o e=ı̋l-a da téni éȝ-us e=tőp-a flock-N.s village-G.s far.away_from pasturage-TRZ-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND and by_the_time 3-N.p PST=arrive-IND
kűre-Ø e̋id-e ta̋l-am néra pı̋z-a-nt=' e=vűű-a silvern-ABS moon-N.s earth-A.s below slip-IND-AP=ELIS PST=be-IND
- 16. "Now that she has gone, we can better give life to this mother and her offspring," she said as she knelt beside the prostrate ewe.
- dusma̋ƣe moise̋s kóma sőkantu e-te̋e̋a: m̃a m̃us i-maama̋sk̬e seel̤űsk̬e o ǧiiı̋d̨u ma̋ƣa. hi éȝe ata̋ta m̃ar:
dus.ma̋ƣe-Ø mois-e̋s kóma sők-a-nt-u e=te̋e̋-a m̃a m̃-us i=maam-a̋s=k̬e seel-l-űs=k̬e o ǧii-ı̋d̨-u ma̋ƣ-a dis.able-ABS ewe-G.s beside kneel-IND-AP-N.s PST=say-IND QUOT 1p-N this=mother-G.s=and descend-AG-G.s=and to life-TRZ-SUP be_able-IND
hi éȝ-e at~a̋t-a m̃ar now_that 3-N.s PRF~go-IND QUOT
- 17. At the touch of her hand the ewe became quiet.
- eȝu-manőm pudős ha mőise sa̋a̋m' e-ı̋la:
eȝu=man-őm pud-ős ha mőis-e sa̋a̋m=' e=ı̋l-a her=hand-G.p touch-G.s at ewe-N.s quiet=ELIS PST=become-IND
- 18. Swiftly she assessed the problem and as swiftly began her work.
- éȝu ááþvi ka̋ltam e-k̬őina. d' aaþsááþvi da̋a̋rom e-tőda:
éȝ-u ááþ=vi ka̋lt-am e=k̬őin-a d=' aaþ=sááþ=vi da̋a̋r-om e=tőd-a 3-N.s swift=ADV problem-A.s PST=assess-IND and=ELIS swift=EQU=ADV work-A.s PST=begin-IND
- 19. She was still working as the sun began to climb into the sky
- éȝu ódu da̋a̋rantu e-vűűa. méti sűűle nűmom éna e-rena̋sa.
éȝ-u ódu da̋a̋r-a-nt-u e=vűű-a méti sűűl-e nűm-om éna e=ren-a̋s-a 3-N.s still work-IND-AP-N.s PST=be-IND as sun-N.s sky-A.s into PST=climb-INC-IND
- 20. and he had cleared the steppe by the time she gave two little rams to their mother to be suckled.
- da éȝe keba̋rom úpa e-rıre̋na. méti éȝu maama̋s o me̋e̋maþes ı̋lu tááda d̬ő pı̋ne me̋sen e-dőőa:
da éȝ-e keba̋r-om úpa e=rı~re̋n-a méti éȝ-u maam-a̋s o me̋e̋m-a-þ-es ı̋l-u tááda and 3-N.s steppe-A.s above PST=PRF~rise-IND by_the_time 3-N.s mother-G.s to suckle-IND-PP-N.p become-SUP in_order_to
d̬ő pı̋ne-Ø me̋s-en e=dőő-a two little-ABS ram-A.p PST=give-IND
