Nordaþ uses prefixes and suffixes (affixes) to convey additional meaning besides simple noun cases and verb conjugations. Below is an exhaustive list of such affixes and their English equivalents.
Prefixes
| English Prefix
|
Meaning
|
English Example
|
Prefix (back/front)
|
| a(n)- |
not, without |
atonality, asexuality, amoral, anarchy, anonymous |
am/äm-
|
| aero- |
air |
aeronautics, aerodrome, aeroplane, aerodynamics |
brï/bre-
|
| anti- |
against |
antidote, antibody, anticlockwise |
antï/änti-
|
| auto- |
self |
autonomy, autobiography, automobile, autopilot |
ïlka/ilkä-
|
| circum- |
around |
circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumference |
rïng/ring-
|
| co/com/col/cor/con- |
with, together |
cooperative, conference, connotation, context, congregation |
mïd/mid-
|
| contra- |
opposite |
contradictory, contraception |
angï/änge
|
| deca/deka- |
ten |
dekametre |
dak/dek-
|
| deci- |
tenth |
decimetre |
dakþa/dekþä-
|
| di- |
two |
diurnal |
du/dy-
|
| dia- |
through |
diagonal, diagnosis |
þur/þyr-
|
| dys- |
deformed, abnormal |
dyspepsia, dystrophy |
nat/nät-
|
| ec(o)- |
house |
ecology, economy, ecotourism |
haim-
|
| electr(o)- |
electricity |
electrocution, electroencephalogram |
lïman/limän-
|
| encephalo- |
brain |
encephalitis |
bra/brä-
|
| end(o)/ent(o)- |
inside |
endoscope, endothermic |
ïn/en-
|
| erg(o)- |
work |
ergonomics |
arbai/ärbai-
|
| ex(o)- |
outside |
exoskeleton |
au-
|
| hyper- |
excessively |
hyperactive, hyperthyroidism |
su/sy-
|
| hypo- |
far below normal |
hypothermia, hypodermic |
lu/ly-
|
| in/im/il/ir- |
not |
immorality, illiteratacy, infallibility |
nï/ne-
|
| inter- |
between |
internet, international |
ma/mä-
|
| intra- |
within |
intramural, intravenous |
ïïn/en-
|
| kilo- |
thousand |
kilogram, kilometre |
tau-
|
| macro- |
big |
macroscopic |
kru/kry-
|
| mega- |
million |
megabyte |
mïl/mil-
|
| micro- |
millionth, very small |
microgram, microscopic, microorganism |
mïlþa/milþä-
|
| mid- |
middle |
mid-terms |
mïd/mid-
|
| milli- |
thousandth |
milligram, millimetre |
täuþa/täuþä-
|
| mis- |
wrong |
misanthropy, miscarriage, misogyny |
mïs/mis-
|
| over- |
excessiveness |
über, overanxious |
uubïr/yyber-
|
| over- |
above |
overview |
ubïr/yber-
|
| post- |
after |
postpartum depression, postmodernity, postmodernism |
aftï/äfte-
|
| pre- |
before |
prediction, preview, precedent, prenatal care |
far/fär-
|
| psycho- |
mind, mental |
psychology, psychosomatic |
mund/mynd-
|
| re- |
again |
return, review, remark |
aib-
|
| rect(i)- |
straight, upright |
rectangle, rectify |
rïk/rek-
|
| retro- |
backwards, reverse |
retrograde |
baa/bää-
|
| sub- |
below, less than, under |
subset, subsonic, subway, subtitles |
bulg/bylg-
|
| super- |
extremely, more than |
superhuman, Superego, supersonic |
maa/mää-
|
| syn- |
along with, together, at the same time |
synergy, synchronicity |
aal/ääl-
|
| tel(e)/tel(o)- |
(the other) end, far, over a long distance |
telecommunications, television, telephoto lens, telodynamic |
tïl/tel-
|
| trans- |
across |
transfer, transatlantic, Trans-Siberian railway |
tran/trän-
|
| trans- |
beyond |
transubstantiation |
ïþ/eþ-
|
| tri- |
three |
triangle |
trï/tre-
|
| un- |
taking something away |
undo, undelete |
rïm/rem-
|
| uni- |
one |
unilateral |
un/yn-
|
Suffixes
| English Suffix
|
Meaning
|
English Example
|
Suffix (back/front)
|
| -arch |
ruler, leader |
monarch, tetrarch |
-for/fyr*
|
| -cide |
murder |
regicide, homicide, genocide |
-däud*
|
| -cide |
killing agent |
pesticide, insecticide |
-däudïr/däuder*
|
| -cracy |
rule |
kakistocracy, democracy, androcracy |
-rïïk/rik*
|
| -cy |
expressing the quality of an adjective |
peccancy, agency, idiocy |
-sïï/si*
|
| -ectomy |
surgical removal |
laryngectomy, vasectomy |
-nïm/nim*
|
| -esque |
in style of |
Pythonesque, Romanesque |
-gïk/gek*
|
| -ful |
full of, having some or much |
hopeful, useful |
-ful/fyl*
|
| -gon |
geometric shape |
octagon, polygon |
-häu*
|
| -hedron |
geometric solid |
tetrahedron |
-hïran/hirän*
|
| -holic |
love, addiction |
alcoholic, workaholic |
-naik*
|
| -ics |
study of |
economics, astronomics |
-ïk/ik*
|
| -ish/i/ese |
language |
English, Punjabi, Chinese |
-ïsk/esk*
|
| -ish/i/ese |
ethnicity |
Pakistani, Finnish, Japanese |
-vam/väm*
|
| -ism |
doctrine, act, practice, condition |
Protestantism, alcoholism, Buddhism, southernism |
-ïsmï/esme*
|
| -ist |
person (to be used only when -ïr/er is unsuitable |
dentist, optometrist |
-ïst/est*
|
| -itis |
disease or inflammation |
gingivitis, hepatitis |
-ait*
|
| -ity |
expressing state or condition |
normality, formality, banality |
-ïït/it*
|
| -less |
lack of |
homeless, useless |
-läus*
|
| -let |
diminutive, or denoting a relation to some part of the body |
ringlet, hamlet, anklet |
-lït/let*
|
| -ly |
-like, having the attributes of (non-inclusive of adverbs) |
quickly |
-lo/ly*
|
| -mania |
an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action |
kleptomania, megalomania, mythomania |
-manja/mänjä*
|
| -ography/gram |
writing, description |
stenography, geography, ideogram |
-srïï/sri*
|
| -onomy |
knowledge |
astronomy |
-anam/änäm*
|
| -osis |
process, action |
mitosis, osmosis |
-amal/ämäl*
|
| -osis |
formation |
ostosis |
tïm/tim*
|
| -phone |
sound, audio |
telephone, homophone |
-lud/lyd*
|
| -scope |
from Greek skopos, view; instrument for viewing and observing spaces |
microscope, telescope |
-sï/se*
|
| -ward/wise |
direction |
clockwise, northward |
-stï/ste*
|
Other suffixes
| English Part of Speech
|
Additional Information
|
Suffix (back/front)
|
| Ability Nouns |
-able |
-daas/dääs*
|
| Act of Doing |
-tion/ing (gerund) |
-song/syng*
|
| Action Nouns |
-er/or* |
-ïr/er*
|
| Action Receiver Nouns |
-ed |
-ït/et*
|
| Adjective |
(Excluding the -er/-est bits) |
-ïs/es*
|
| Adverb |
|
-lïïs/lës
|
| Comparative |
|
-ïïr/ër
|
| Conjunction |
|
-(ai)nd
|
| Definite Article |
the |
-dï/de*
|
| Indefinite Article |
a/an |
-ïn/en*
|
| Interjection |
|
-jï/je
|
| "ness" |
-ness |
-nïs/nes*
|
| Superlative |
|
-ït/et
|
