Onsets
_1 = Ping
_2 = Shang
_3 = Qu
_4 = Ru
_1a = Yin Ping
_1b = Yang Ping,
etc.
| Rime
|
Middle Chinese
|
Mandarin
Beijing
|
Yue
Canton
|
Minnan
Taiwan
|
Hakka
|
Japanese
|
Korean
|
| Karlgren
|
Baxter
|
Go-On
|
Kan-On
|
| 幫
|
p
|
p
|
b [p]
|
b [p]
|
|
h [h]
|
h [h]
|
| 滂
|
p'
|
ph
|
p [pʰ]
|
p [pʰ]
|
|
h [h]
|
h [h]
|
| 並
|
b'
|
b
|
p [pʰ] /_1
b [p] /_234
|
p [pʰ] /_12
b [p] /_(2)34
|
|
b [b]
|
h [h]
|
| 明
|
m
|
m
|
m [m]
|
m [m]
|
|
m [m]
|
b [b]
Rimes
- P = MC labial (幫滂並明)
- T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)
- TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)
- S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)
- SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)
- SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)
- K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)
通攝 Tong She
| Rime
|
Middle Chinese
|
Mandarin
Beijing
|
Yue
Canton
|
Minnan
Taiwan
|
Hakka
|
Japanese
|
Korean
|
| Karlgren
|
Baxter
|
Go-On
|
Kan-On
|
| 東（一等）
|
ung
|
uwng
|
ong [ʊŋ]
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_
eng [ɤŋ] /P_
|
ung [ʊŋ]
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)
|
|
|
u [u]
some uu [uː]
|
ou [oː]
|
| 冬（一等）
|
uong
|
owng
|
ong [ʊŋ]
(does not occur /P_)
|
ung [ʊŋ]
|
|
|
o [o]
some ou [oː]
|
ou [oː]
|
| 東（三等）
|
i̯ung
|
juwng
|
ong [ʊŋ]
eng [ɤŋ] /P_
|
ung [ʊŋ]
|
| 鍾（三等）
|
i̯wong
|
jowng
|
ong [ʊŋ]
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_
eng [ɤŋ] /P_
|
ung [ʊŋ]
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_
|
| 東（一等）
|
uk
|
uwk
|
u [u]
|
uk [ʊk]
|
| 冬（一等）
|
uok
|
owk
|
u [u]
|
uk [ʊk]
|
| 東（三等）
|
i̯uk
|
juwk
|
mostly u [u]
and ü [y] /K_
but:
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉)
iu [jou] (宿六)
uo [uo] (縮)
|
uk [ʊk]
|
| 鍾（三等）
|
i̯wok
|
jowk
|
mostly u [u]
and ü [y] /K_
but:
ü [y] (續綠)
|
uk [ʊk]
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_
|
江攝 Jiang She
止攝 Zhi She
遇攝 Yu She
蟹攝 Xie She
臻攝 Zhen She
山攝 Shan She
效攝 Xiao She
果攝 Guo She
假攝 Jia She
宕攝 Dang She
梗攝 Geng She
曾攝 Ceng She
流攝 Liu She
深攝 Shen She
咸攝 Xian She
Tones
Resources
Middle Chinese
Modern Chinese
Sino-Xenic
|
