Jeʂtəra morphology
- Main article: Jeʂtəra
This page gives an extensive description of Jeʂtəra morphological features.
Numerals
The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| ʂāʔo | |
| ʔakiə | |
| miəkō | |
| gōle | |
| ṕāge | |
| ðūla | |
| haʂə | |
| ḱəwʔe | |
| ʈōjəw | |
| fēʔo |
Numerals from 11 to 13 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔo:
| ʂāʔofēʔo | |
| ʔakiəfēʔo | |
| miəkōfēʔo |
Numerals from 14 to 19 are built with the construction fēʔo + NUM:
| fēʔogōle | |
| fēʔoṕāge | |
| fēʔoðūla | |
| fēʔohaʂə | |
| fēʔoḱəwʔe | |
| fēʔoʈōjəw |
The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own, being actually a loanword:
| ʔatrū |
Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔot́əw:
| miəkōfēʔot́əw | |
| ṕāgefēʔot́əw | |
| haʂəfēʔot́əw | |
| ʈōjəwfēʔot́əw |
Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + ʔatrūt́əw:
| ʔakiəʔatrūt́əw | |
| miəkōʔatrūt́əw | |
| gōleʔatrūt́əw |
The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:
| ɳāt́əw | |
| liəʔā |
The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + ɳāt́əwt́əw / liəʔāt́əw, with some irregularities:
| ʔakiəɳāt́əwt́əw | ʔakiəliəʔāt́əw | |
| miəkōɳāt́əwt́əw | miəkōliəʔāt́əw | |
| gōleɳāt́əwt́əw | gōleliəʔāt́əw | |
| ṕāgeɳāt́əwt́əw | ṕāgeliəʔāt́əw | |
| ðūlaɳāt́əwt́əw | ðūlaliəʔāt́əw | |
| haʂəɳāt́əwt́əw | haʂəliəʔāt́əw | |
| ḱəwʔeɳāt́əwt́əw | ḱəwʔeliəʔāt́əw | |
| ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw | ʈōjəwliəʔāt́əw |
All cardinal numerals up to these forms are meant as invariable.
The numeral for “million” is a loanword. Numbers above the millions have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
| t́ənt |
This form is treated as a regularly declinable noun:
| miəkō t́əntəno | |
| ʔatrū ṕāge t́əntəno |
If this numeral is used as a simple count form, it is declined in the passive case. Inside of a structured sentence, it is declined according the case required by its syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition čɛl and are declined in the ablative case.
ʔakiə t́əntəxəno fūkarano to two millions people
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
- 1985: liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:
| roɕdu | |
| ogidu | |
| migōdu | |
| nōhdu | |
| čōndu | |
| θūhadu | |
| hoɕedu | |
| šudu | |
| cōjudu | |
| fēwdu | |
| ɕōwfēwdu | |
| ogifēwdu | |
| ogifēwtujdu | |
| ogifēwtujdu | |
| θūhafēwtunudu |
The ordinal numeral for “millionth” is regularly formed from its corresponding cardinal forms, by adding the epenthetic vowel -ə-, while its multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:
| t́əntəlo | |
| miəkōt́əntəlo |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25th: ʔatrū ṕāgelo
