Chinese sound correspondences

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梗攝(開口舒聲) Geng She (Kaikou, Nasal Coda)

Rime Middle Chinese C_ Mandarin
Beijing
Yue
Canton
Minnan
Amoy
Hakka
Moiyan
Wu
Shanghai
Japanese Korean Vietnamese Old Mandarin
Karlgren Baxter LMC Go-On Kan-On
庚二開 ɒng æng aːjŋ P eng [ɤŋ]
but ang [ɑŋ] (盲)
aang [aːŋ] eng [iŋ] ang [aŋ] an [ã] yau [joː] au [oː] aeng [ɛŋ], ang [aŋ] anh [ajŋ], ang [aŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /m_

ɨŋ, uŋ m_ >
əŋ
(t) da [tɑ] (打) daa [taː] (打) taⁿ [tã] (打) da [ta] (打) tan [tã] (打) tyau [tɕoː] (打) tei [teː] (打) ta [tʰa] (打) đa [ɗa] (打) da [tɑ] (打)
l leng [lɤŋ] (冷) laang [laːŋ] (冷) eng [iŋ] (冷) lang [laŋ] (冷) lan [lã] (冷) ryau [ɺjoː] (冷) rei [ɺeː] (冷) raeng [ɾɛŋ] (冷) lanh [lajŋ] (冷) liŋ (冷) /
lɨŋ > ləŋ (冷)
nr ing [iɪŋ] ing [ɪŋ] eng [iŋ] ên [en] in [in] yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ] anh [ajŋ], inh [ɪjŋ] (ɨŋ>əŋ? iŋ?)
TR eng [ɤŋ] aang [aːŋ] eng [iŋ] en [ən] an [ã] yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ], aeng [ɛŋ] anh [ajŋ] ɨŋ > əŋ
SR eng [ɤŋ] aang [aːŋ] eng [iŋ] ên [en] en [ən] yau [joː] au [oː] aeng [ɛŋ]
but eong [ʌŋ] (猩)

ang [aŋ] (傖)

anh [ajŋ] ɨŋ > əŋ
jaːjŋ K eng [ɤŋ]
but ing [iɪŋ] (行杏)
ang [ɐŋ]

aang [aːŋ] /kh_

eng [iŋ] ang [aŋ] /k,kh_

ên [en] /x,h_

an [ã] yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ], aeng [ɛŋ] anh [ajŋ]

also ang [aŋ] (行)

jiŋ > əŋ
耕二開 ɛng ɛng aːjŋ P eng [ɤŋ]
but in [in] (拼)
and ang [ɑŋ] (鼆)
aang [aːŋ]
but ing [ɪŋ] (拼迸)

ang [ɐŋ] /m_
but an [ɐn] (鼆)

eng [iŋ] ang [aŋ]
but in (拼)
an [ã] yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ] /_13

aeng [ɛŋ] /_12

anh [ajŋ] ɨŋ > əŋ
TR eng [ɤŋ] aang [aːŋ] eng [iŋ] ang [aŋ] en [ən] yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ]
but jeung [tɕɯŋ] (橙)
anh [ajŋ]
but inh [ɪjŋ] (丁)
ɨŋ > əŋ
SR eng [ɤŋ] ang [ɐŋ] eng [iŋ] ên [en] en [ən] yau [joː] au [oː] aeng [ɛŋ]
but eong [ʌŋ] (淨埩)
anh [ajŋ] ɨŋ > əŋ
jaːjŋ K eng [ɤŋ] /k,kh_

ing [iɪŋ] /ng,h,ʔ_

aang [aːŋ]

ang [ɐŋ] /h_

eng [iŋ] ang [aŋ] /k,kh_

ên [en] /h_
in [in] /ʔ_

en [ən] /k,kh_

in [in] /h,ʔ_

yau [joː] au [oː] yeong [jʌŋ]

also aeng [ɛŋ] /kh,h,ʔ_

anh [ajŋ]
but oanh [wajŋ] (鶯)
jiŋ > əŋ
庚三開 i̯ɒng jæng iajŋ P ing [iɪŋ]
but in [in] (皿)
LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in], iang [iaŋ]
but ên [en] (盟皿)
in [in]
but en [ən] (盟)
yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

ênh [əjŋ] /_3
also anh [ajŋ] (命)

ajŋ SR eng [ɤŋ] aang [aːŋ] eng [iŋ] ên [en], ang [aŋ] an [ã] yau [joː] ei [eː] aeng [ɛŋ] inh [ɪjŋ] ɨŋ > əŋ
iajŋ K ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in], iang [iaŋ] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] anh [ajŋ]

inh [ɪjŋ] /k,g_13
ênh [əjŋ] /ng_ (迎)

jiŋ > iŋ
清三開 i̯äng j(i)eng jiajŋ P ing [iɪŋ]
but in [in] (聘)
LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in]
but iang [iaŋ] (餅名)
in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]
iajŋ l ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] iang [iaŋ] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] anh [ajŋ], inh [ɪjŋ]
TR eng [ɤŋ]
but en [ən] (貞)
ing [ɪŋ] eng [iŋ] en [ən] en [ən] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ] iŋ > ɨŋ
SY eng [ɤŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] en [ən], ang [aŋ] en [ən] yau [joː] ei [eː] eong [ʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /sy,zy_

iŋ > ɨŋ
S ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in], iang [iaŋ] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] eong [ʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /tsh_

jiajŋ K ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in], iang [iaŋ] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /ʔ_

jiŋ > iŋ (CN-A)
iŋ (CN-B)
青四開 ieng eng jiajŋ P ing [iɪŋ] ing [ɪŋ] eng [iŋ] in [in], ên [en] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]
iajŋ T,l ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] in [in], ên [en]

in [in], ang [aŋ] /l_

in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]
S ing [iɪŋ] LIT
ing [ɪŋ]
COL
eng [ɛːŋ]
eng [iŋ] iang [iaŋ], ên [en]
in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] eong [ʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /tsh_

jiajŋ K ing [iɪŋ] ing [ɪŋ] eng [iŋ] in [in], iang [iaŋ] in [in] yau [joː] ei [eː] yeong [jʌŋ] inh [ɪjŋ]

anh [ajŋ] /kh_

jiŋ > iŋ