Proto-Phwaim
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Proto-Phwaim is a fictional language by Polka Dot. Proto-Phwaim is the reconstructed ancestor of the Phim-Hwan languages, a family spoken for the most part in the central region of Ryusi. It is estimated to have been spoken around 10.000 HW.
Phonology
The reconstructed phoneme inventory of Proto-Phwaim is shown in the tables below:
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental, Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal(ized) | Velar | Uvular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | |||||||
| Nasals | m [m] | n [n] | ń [ɲ] | ŋ [ŋ] | ||||
| Stops | Aspirated | ph [pʰ] | th [tʰ] | kh [kʰ] | ||||
| Voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | k [k] | |||||
| Voiced | b [b] | d [d] | g [g] | |||||
| Affricates | Aspirated | čh [t͡ʃʰ] | ćh [t͡ɕʰ] | |||||
| Voiceless | č [t͡ʃ] | ć [t͡ɕ] | ||||||
| Voiced | ǧ [d͡ʒ] | ǵ [d͡ʑ] | ||||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | s [s] | ṣ [ɬ] | š [ʃ] | x[χ] | |||
| Palatalized | s' [sʲ] | ṣ' [ɬʲ] | š' [ʃʲ] | x'[χʲ] | ||||
| Voiced | z [z] | ẓ [ɮ] | ž [ʒ] | ḥ[ʁ] | ||||
| Approximants | v [w] | y [j] | ||||||
| Liquids | r [r] | l [l] | r' [rʲ] l' [ʎ] | |||||
Vowels
Proto-Phwaim had vowel harmony and a rather large inventory of vowels:
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i [i] | ü [y] | ï [ɯ] | u [u] |
| Close-mid | e [e] | ö [ø] | ë [ɤ] | o [o] |
| Open | ä [æ] | a [ɑ] | ||
Morphology
Nouns
Proto-Phwaim had 13 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, ablative, instrumental, comitative, terminative, Illative, allative, equative, partitive), two systems of number (singular-dual–plural and collective–singulative) and two genders (human vs nonhuman). A noun stem can take up to 2 types of suffixes:
stem + (number) + (case)
