Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax

Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax

Kyoraemal Grammar is defined by its foundational principle: the complete elimination of Confucian-era **honorifics** and reliance on **pure native Koreanic** roots. It features an **egalitarian** sentence structure that values sincerity and shared intent over social hierarchy.

I. Foundational Structure and Core Principles

• Word Order: Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
• Egalitarianism: All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
• Lexical Source: The language uses only native Koreanic roots, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.

A. Vowel Harmony (Aesthetics)

Kyoraemal uses Vowel Harmony as an aesthetic principle that governs word usage in poetics (known as **Heureumsi** - 흐름시, Flowing Verse):

Aesthetic Term	Vowels Used	Connotation
밝은소리 (Balgeun-sori)	ㅏ, ㅗ (Bright Vowels)	Light, Loud, Active, Quick, Fire
짙은소리 (Jiteun-sori)	ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ (Deep Vowels)	Dark, Soft, Passive, Slow, Earth

II. Particles and Markers

A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles

These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.

Particle	Function / Meaning	Example
-소 ( -so)	**Sincerity and Conviction.**	옳다소 (It is correct, I assure you.)
-오 ( -o)	**Softening / Contextual Deference.**	오시오 (Please come, mildly requesting.)
-세 ( -se)	**Shared Action / Cooperation.**	가세 (Let's go together.)
-님 ( -nim)	**Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise/professional titles (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities.	하늘님 (The Supreme Deity.)

B. Grammatical Particles

Particle	Function / Notes	Example
-이 ( -i)	**Subject Particle.** Used universally for subjects.	사람이 (the person as subject)
-는 ( -neun)	**Topic Particle.** Used universally for topics.	사람은 (as for the person)
-을/-를 (-eul/-reul)	**Object Particle.**	밥을 (rice as object)
-의 ( -ui)	**Possessive Particle.**	나의 (my)
-(으)ㅁ이 ( -(eu)m-i)	**Adverbial Particle.** Transforms words into adverbs (e.g., 깊다 → 깊이).	꿋꿋이 (stoutly/firmly)
-와/-과 (-wa/-gwa)	**Conjunction** (linking nouns).	해와 달 (sun and moon)

III. Verb Conjugations

Adjectives and verbs conjugate identically. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).

Tense/Mood	Conjugation Rule	Example
**Declarative (Present)**	Base form **-다** (-da).	먹다 (He eats/It is eating.)
**Interrogative (Question)**	**-ㄴ가** (-n-ga) for all questions.	먹는가? (Are you eating?)
**Imperative (Command)**	**-라** (-ra).	먹어라! (Eat!)
**Past Tense**	**-았-** (yang vowels) or **-었-** (yin/neutral vowels) + **-다**.	갔다 (went), 먹었다 (ate).
**Future Tense**	**-을-/-알-** + **-다**.	먹을다 (will eat), 갈다 (will go).

IV. Negation and Existential Verbs

Kyoraemal relies on native roots for all negation.

Type	Kyoraemal Form	Usage Example
**Inability (Short)**	**못** (mot) + Verb	못 하오 (I cannot do it.)
**General Negation (Long)**	Verb stem + **아니하다** (ani-hada)	흐르지 아니하오 (It does not flow.)
**Absence / "To not exist"**	**없다** (eopda)	돈이 없다 (There is no money.)