User:Masako/sandbox
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noun phrases
The basic noun phrase in Kala is PREPOSITION DETERMINER NOUN DESCRIPTIVE-VERB RELATIVE-CLAUSE. Depending on context, this is fairly predominant with a few exceptions
ukum
| Kala | number | English | ordinal | multiple | fractional |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na'o | 1 | one | kina'o first |
tina'o once |
- |
| ueta'o | 12 | twelve | kiueta'o twelfth |
tiueta'o twelve times |
iueta'o a twelfth |
| yauema'o yama'o |
54 | fifty four | kiyama'o fifty fourth |
tiyama'o 54 times |
iyama'o a fifty fourth |
| nyetsa'o | 106 | one hundred (and) six | kinyetsa'o 106th |
tinyetsa'o 106 times |
inyetsa'o a 106th |
| katle'o | 7000 | seven thousand | kikatle'o seven thousandth |
tikatle'o 7000 times |
ikatle'o 1/7000 |
armada
| name | insignia | promotion requirements |
notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amiral |  |
appointed by the Comite de Amirales from eligible Brigadores | referred to as Jeneral when in command of land forces |
| Brigador |  |
appointed by the Comite de Amirales from eligible Capitanes | - |
| Capitan |  |
14~16 years of service | - |
| Comandor |  |
8 years of service | sometimes referred to as Teninte Xef (Chief Lieutenant) |
| Teninte |  |
4 years of service | sometimes referred to as Sucomander (Lieutenant Commander) |
| Suteninte |  |
upon graduation of 2 years of training or 4 years in an academy | - |
genitive
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | nai | kai |
| 2 | tiya | tai |
| 3 | ai | mai |
hangul
Han Moya is an adaptation of Hangul for writing Kala. It is written horizontally, in lines running from left to right. It can also be written vertically in columns.
| Consonant | Hangul | IPA | Vowel | Hangul | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | ㅂ | /p~b/ | a | ㅏ | /a~a:/ |
| t | ㄷ | /t~d/ | e | ㅓ | /e~ɛ/ |
| k | ㄱ | /k~g/ | i | ㅣ | /i~ɪ/ |
| m | ㅁ | /m/ | o | ㅗ | /o~o:/ |
| n | ㄴ | /n/ | u | ㅡ | /u~u:/ |
| s | ㅅ | /s~ʃ/ | ua | ㅜ | /wa~ʷa:/ |
| h | ㅎ | /h~ɦ/ | ue | ㅠ | /we~ʷe:/ |
| ts | ㅈ | /ts~t͡ʃ/ | ya | ㅑ | /ja~ʲa:/ |
| tl | ㅌ | /t͡ɬ~tl/ | ye | ㅕ | /je~ʲɛ/ |
| l | ㄹ | /l~ɾ/ | yo | ㅛ | /jo~ʲo:/ |
| - | ㅇ | /-/ |
The adaptations of doubled consonants are used word initially to indicate prenasalization. Medial occurrences of nasalized syllables are written across syllables.
tense
| present | past | future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| simple | -e | -i | -o |
| perfect | -le | -li | -lo |
| obligatory | -se | -so | |
| immediate | -ib | ||
| possible | -go |
evidentiality
| Example | Translation | Evidential |
|---|---|---|
| hi·dawʔaƛwa·d | "I hear he found it" | -wa·t, hearsay |
| pu·pu·q̓adʔi | "he's blowing a whistle" | -q̓adi, auditory |
| č̓apaccaqil | "It looks like a canoe" | -caqił, uncertain visual evidence, as trying to make out something at a distance |
| haʔuk̓aƛpi·dic | "I see you ate" | -pi·t, inference from physical evidence |
| dudu·k̓aƛx̌a·š | "He's probably singing" | -x̌a·-š, inferred probability |
nkalu
| Agent | Patient | Reflexive | Possessive | Reciprocal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | na I |
ena me |
na'i myself |
nayo my; mine |
|
| 2sg | ta you (thou) |
eta you |
ta'i yourself |
tayo your(s) |
|
| 3sg | ha he/she |
eha him/her |
ha'i himself/herself |
hayo his/her(s) |
|
| 4sg | tla it/one |
etla it |
tla'i itself/oneself |
tlayo its/one's |
|
| 1pl 1pl EXCL |
nam we na'am we (not you) |
enam ena'am |
nami na'ami |
namyo na'amyo |
nanku na'anku |
| 2pl | tam | etam | tami | tamyo | tanku |
| 3pl | kam | ekam | kami | kamyo | kanku |
| 4pl | tlam | etlam | tlami | tlamyo | tlanku |
