Lâmian

Lâmian(lâm.:Leithet)
Pronounced:	léy-thet
Timeline and Universe:	Alternate Earth, ~4000-2500 BC
Species:	Human
Spoken:	South Germany
Total speakers:	at least 500.000
Writing system:	none (but a modified Latin one in this grammar)
Genealogy:	isolated
Typology
Morphological type:	agglutinative
Morphosyntactic alignment:	Nominative-Accusative
Basic word order:	SOV
Credits
Creator:	Ell Crasses
Created:	June 2007

Lâmian was an isolated language spoken by the ancient tribes of the Lâmians, before the IE tribes came into Europe and destroyed their culture.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops, voiceless	p	t				c
Stops, voiced	b	d				g
Fricatives, voiceless	f	th	s	sh		ch	h
Fricatives, voiced	v	dh	z
Nasals	m	n				ŋ
Lateral			l
Flap			r
Semivowels	w				i/j/

Double consonants are spoken a bit longer.

Vowels

	front	central	back
high	i î		u û
mid	e ê		o ô
low		a/ɑ/ â/ɑ:/

The diphtongs are the follow: ei, ai, au

Phontactics

The following syllable structures are allowed: CV, CVV, CVC, CVVC, CCV, CCVV, CCVC, CCVVC, CVCC, CCVCC.
A syllable must not begin and end with two plosives:
tept, pte, tkatp
But two fricatives can do this:
fthei air

Accent

The Lâmian accent is usually on the first syllable. But if there is a long vowel or a diphtong in a syllable, this syllable is stressed:
e'ôrane swords
son'naiwesh at the snake
If there are more long vowels or diphtongs in a word, the syllable with the first is stressed:
'leithîm of a language

Sandhi

	a	â	e	ê	i	î	o	ô	u	û
a	â	â	e	ê	ai	ê	au	ô	au	û
â	â	â	â	ê	â	ê	â	ô	â	ô
e	ê	â	ê	ê	ei	î	o	ô	ô	û
ê	ê	ê	ê	ê	ê	î	ê	â	ê	ô
i	ai	â	ei	ê	î	î	e	ô	î	û
î	î	ê	î	î	î	î	î	ê	î	ê
o	au	â	o	ê	e	î	ô	ô	ô	û
ô	ô	â	ô	ê	ô	ê	ô	ô	ô	û
u	au	â	ô	ê	î	î	ô	ô	û	û
û	û	ô	û	ô	û	ê	û	û	û	û

Examples:
ri you + -uk and -> rîk and you
kerî shield + -et our + îm GEN + -ane PL -> kerîtîmane of our shields
If a diphtong collides with a vowel, the vowel disappears:
lothei hut + -ûta AKK/ALL -> lotheita (to) a hut
If a diphtong collides with another diphtong, a w seperates the two diphtongs:
methau moon + -ai the -> methauwai the moon

Morphology

Nouns

Lâmian nouns are inflected by case and number.This is shown by pre- and suffixes, what are added in the following order:

Case prefix - root - definite article/possesive suffix/demonstrative suffix - case suffix - plural suffix - other suffixes

Case

Lâmian nouns are declined by 9 cases:

pre-/suffix	case
0/-î1	nominative
-îm	genitive
-er	dative
-ûta	accusative, allative
-esh	locative
-rim	ablative
-îru	partitive
ha-...-û	the focus or the theme of a sentence (name?, jap. -wa)

^{1: A few nouns have this nominative suffix, but they are exeptions.}

Plural

The plural is marked with the suffix -ane:
hauri -> hauraine bulls
lôr -> lôrane signs