Chinese sound correspondences
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
梗攝(開口舒聲) Geng She (Kaikou, Nasal Coda)
| Rime | Middle Chinese | C_ | Mandarin Beijing |
Yue Canton |
Minnan Amoy |
Hakka Moiyan |
Wu Shanghai |
Japanese | Korean | Vietnamese | Old Mandarin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karlgren | Baxter | LMC | Go-On | Kan-On | ||||||||||
| 庚二開 | ɒng | æng | aːjŋ | P | eng [ɤŋ] but ang [ɑŋ] (盲) |
aang [aːŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ang [aŋ] | an [ã] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | aeng [ɛŋ], ang [aŋ] | anh [ajŋ], ang [aŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /m_ |
ɨŋ, uŋ m_ > əŋ |
| (t) | da [tɑ] (打) | daa [taː] (打) | taⁿ [tã] (打) | da [ta] (打) | tan [tã] (打) | tyau [tɕoː] (打) | tei [teː] (打) | ta [tʰa] (打) | đa [ɗa] (打) | da [tɑ] (打) | ||||
| l | leng [lɤŋ] (冷) | laang [laːŋ] (冷) | eng [iŋ] (冷) | lang [laŋ] (冷) | lan [lã] (冷) | ryau [ɺjoː] (冷) | rei [ɺeː] (冷) | raeng [ɾɛŋ] (冷) | lanh [lajŋ] (冷) | liŋ (冷) / lɨŋ > ləŋ (冷) | ||||
| nr | ing [iɪŋ] | ing [ɪŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ên [en] | in [in] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | anh [ajŋ], inh [ɪjŋ] | (ɨŋ>əŋ? iŋ?) | ||||
| TR | eng [ɤŋ] | aang [aːŋ] | eng [iŋ] | en [ən] | an [ã] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ], aeng [ɛŋ] | anh [ajŋ] | ɨŋ > əŋ | ||||
| SR | eng [ɤŋ] | aang [aːŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ên [en] | en [ən] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | aeng [ɛŋ] but eong [ʌŋ] (猩) ang [aŋ] (傖) |
anh [ajŋ] | ɨŋ > əŋ | ||||
| jaːjŋ | K | eng [ɤŋ] but ing [iɪŋ] (行杏) |
ang [ɐŋ]
aang [aːŋ] /kh_ |
eng [iŋ] | ang [aŋ] /k,kh_ ên [en] /x,h_ |
an [ã] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ], aeng [ɛŋ] | anh [ajŋ]
also ang [aŋ] (行) |
jiŋ > əŋ | |||
| 耕二開 | ɛng | ɛng | aːjŋ | P | eng [ɤŋ] but in [in] (拼) and ang [ɑŋ] (鼆) |
aang [aːŋ] but ing [ɪŋ] (拼迸) ang [ɐŋ] /m_ |
eng [iŋ] | ang [aŋ] but in (拼) |
an [ã] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ] /_13
aeng [ɛŋ] /_12 |
anh [ajŋ] | ɨŋ > əŋ |
| TR | eng [ɤŋ] | aang [aːŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ang [aŋ] | en [ən] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ] but jeung [tɕɯŋ] (橙) |
anh [ajŋ] but inh [ɪjŋ] (丁) |
ɨŋ > əŋ | ||||
| SR | eng [ɤŋ] | ang [ɐŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ên [en] | en [ən] | yau [joː] | au [oː] | aeng [ɛŋ] but eong [ʌŋ] (淨埩) |
anh [ajŋ] | ɨŋ > əŋ | ||||
| jaːjŋ | K | eng [ɤŋ] /k,kh_ ing [iɪŋ] /ng,h,ʔ_ |
aang [aːŋ] ang [ɐŋ] /h_ |
eng [iŋ] | ang [aŋ] /k,kh_ ên [en] /h_ |
en [ən] /k,kh_ in [in] /h,ʔ_ |
yau [joː] | au [oː] | yeong [jʌŋ]
also aeng [ɛŋ] /kh,h,ʔ_ |
anh [ajŋ] but oanh [wajŋ] (鶯) |
jiŋ > əŋ | |||
| 庚三開 | i̯ɒng | jæng | iajŋ | P | ing [iɪŋ] but in [in] (皿) |
LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in], iang [iaŋ] but ên [en] (盟皿) |
in [in] but en [ən] (盟) |
yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
ênh [əjŋ] /_3 |
iŋ |
| ajŋ | SR | eng [ɤŋ] | aang [aːŋ] | eng [iŋ] | ên [en], ang [aŋ] | an [ã] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | aeng [ɛŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ] | ɨŋ > əŋ | |||
| iajŋ | K | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in], iang [iaŋ] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | anh [ajŋ]
inh [ɪjŋ] /k,g_13 |
jiŋ > iŋ | |||
| 清三開 | i̯äng | j(i)eng | jiajŋ | P | ing [iɪŋ] but in [in] (聘) |
LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in] but iang [iaŋ] (餅名) |
in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ] | iŋ |
| iajŋ | l | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | iang [iaŋ] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | anh [ajŋ], inh [ɪjŋ] | iŋ | |||
| TR | eng [ɤŋ] but en [ən] (貞) |
ing [ɪŋ] | eng [iŋ] | en [ən] | en [ən] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ] | iŋ > ɨŋ | ||||
| SY | eng [ɤŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | en [ən], ang [aŋ] | en [ən] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | eong [ʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /sy,zy_ |
iŋ > ɨŋ | ||||
| S | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in], iang [iaŋ] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | eong [ʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /tsh_ |
iŋ | ||||
| jiajŋ | K | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in], iang [iaŋ] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /ʔ_ |
jiŋ > iŋ (CN-A) iŋ (CN-B) | |||
| 青四開 | ieng | eng | jiajŋ | P | ing [iɪŋ] | ing [ɪŋ] | eng [iŋ] | in [in], ên [en] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ] | iŋ |
| iajŋ | T,l | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | in [in], ên [en] in [in], ang [aŋ] /l_ |
in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ] | iŋ | |||
| S | ing [iɪŋ] | LIT ing [ɪŋ] COL eng [ɛːŋ] |
eng [iŋ] | iang [iaŋ], ên [en] |
in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | eong [ʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /tsh_ |
iŋ | ||||
| jiajŋ | K | ing [iɪŋ] | ing [ɪŋ] | eng [iŋ] | in [in], iang [iaŋ] | in [in] | yau [joː] | ei [eː] | yeong [jʌŋ] | inh [ɪjŋ]
anh [ajŋ] /kh_ |
jiŋ > iŋ | |||