Middle Nyángar: Difference between revisions

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Middle Nyángar uses a modified version of the Latin alphabet in writing. It is a somewhat deep orthography, that is, there is no one-to-one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme. Here are the phonemes again with their corresponding graphemes.
Middle Nyángar uses a modified version of the Latin alphabet in writing. It is a somewhat deep orthography, that is, there is no one-to-one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme. Here are the phonemes again with their corresponding graphemes.
<br>
<br>
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
!colspan=10 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiodent. ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Uvular ||colspan=2| Glottal
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || m || || || || n || || || || ng ||
!colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Phoneme ||colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Grapheme
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal Geminate || || m || || || || n || || || || ng ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| m || || || || || m
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || p,ph || b || || || t || d || || || || g || c,k || || h ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| n || || || || || n
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive Geminate || || || || || || || || || || g ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ŋ || || || || || ng
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Ejective || || || || || t,th || || || || || || c,k,kh ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| m: || || || || || m
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Implosive || || b || || || || d ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| n: || || || || || n
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || f || || || v || s || z || || || || || || r ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ŋ: || || || || || ng
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative Geminate || || || || || s ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| p || || || || || p, ph
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Fricative || || || || || l,lh ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| b || || || || || b
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || l ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| t || || || || || t
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximant || || w || || || || || || y ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| d || || || || || d
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| g || || || || || g
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| q || || || || || c, k
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ʔ || || || || || h
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| g: || || || || || g
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| t' || || || || || t, th
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| q' || || || || || c, k, kh
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɓ || || || || || b
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɗ || || || || || d
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɸ || || || || || f
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| v || || || || || v
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| s̺ || || || || || s
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| s̻ || || || || || z
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ʁ || || || || || r
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| s̺ || || || || || s
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɬ || || || || || l, lh
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| l || || || || || l
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| w || || || || || w
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| j || || || || || j
|}
|}
<br>
<br>
Short vowels:<br>
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
!colspan=10 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
|-
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
!colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Phoneme ||colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Grapheme
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ || || || || || a
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i || || || || || i, ie
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u || || || || || o, u
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Close || i,ie || || || || || u ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ: || || || || || ai, oe
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Open || || || a ||  
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i: || || || || || e, ee, ui
|}
|-
<br>
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u: || || || || || iu, ue
Long vowels:<br>
|-
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑe || || || || || ia, í
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|-
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æu || || || || || eu, ou
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| øy || || || || || o, eo
|-
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ:e || || || || || ei, í, ae
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Close || e,ui || || || || || iu,ue ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æ:u || || || || || á, io, ou, oou
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Open || || || ai,oe ||  
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ø:y || || || || || á, ou, oou, ú
|}
|}

Revision as of 07:30, 23 March 2011

Phonology

Phonemes

Consonants

Middle Nyángar contrasts 28 different consonant sounds:

Consonants
Bilabial Labiodent. Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Nasal Geminate m: n: ŋ:
Plosive p b t d g q ʔ
Plosive Geminate g:
Ejective tʼ qʼ
Implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative ɸ v s̺ s̻ ʁ
Fricative Geminate s̺:
Lateral Fricative ɬ
Lateral Approximant l
Approximant w j


Vowels

Despite the moderate consonant inventory, the language only contrasts 3 vowel qualities, also contrasting short and long quantities.

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i(:) u(:)
Open a(:)


There are also 3 diphthongs, each with a corresponding long diphthong:
/ɑe æu øy/ and /ɑ:e æ:u ø:y/

Orthography

Middle Nyángar uses a modified version of the Latin alphabet in writing. It is a somewhat deep orthography, that is, there is no one-to-one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme. Here are the phonemes again with their corresponding graphemes.

Consonants
Phoneme Grapheme
m m
n n
ŋ ng
m: m
n: n
ŋ: ng
p p, ph
b b
t t
d d
g g
q c, k
ʔ h
g: g
t' t, th
q' c, k, kh
ɓ b
ɗ d
ɸ f
v v
s̺ s
s̻ z
ʁ r
s̺ s
ɬ l, lh
l l
w w
j j


Vowels
Phoneme Grapheme
ɑ a
i i, ie
u o, u
ɑ: ai, oe
i: e, ee, ui
u: iu, ue
ɑe ia, í
æu eu, ou
øy o, eo
ɑ:e ei, í, ae
æ:u á, io, ou, oou
ø:y á, ou, oou, ú
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