User:Bukkia/sandboxVI: Difference between revisions

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| ''It'' || NA || në || NES || në || NESIA || nëşë || NAMO || nëm
| ''It'' || NA || në || NES || në || NESIA || nëşë || NAMO || nëm
|-
|-
| ''We'' || MAN || ma || MANES || manh || MANESIA || manheşë || MANEMO || manhëm
| ''We'' || MAN || ma || MANES || man || MANESIA || manheşë || MANEMO || manhëm
|-
|-
| ''You'' || TEL || t'e || TELOS || t'eł || TELOSIA || t'ełëşë || TELOMO || t'ełëm
| ''You'' || TEL || t'e || TELOS || t'el || TELOSIA || t'ełëşë || TELOMO || t'ełëm
|-
|-
| ''They'' || KOD || ke || KODOS || koð || KODOSIA || koðëşë || KODOMO || koðëm
| ''They'' || KOD || ke || KODOS || kod || KODOSIA || koðëşë || KODOMO || koðëm
|}
|}


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| ''Its'' || NES || në || nhë
| ''Its'' || NES || në || nhë
|-
|-
| ''Our'' || MANES || manh || μanh
| ''Our'' || MANES || man || μan
|-
|-
| ''Your'' || TELOS || teł || θeł
| ''Your'' || TELOS || tel || θel
|-
|-
| ''Their'' || KODOS || koð || xoð
| ''Their'' || KODOS || kod || xod
|}
|}


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* ''to her daughter'': ë vad' zë
* ''to her daughter'': ë vad' zë
* ''we see their daughter'': lo kat e vad'u xoð
* ''we see their daughter'': lo kat e vad'u xod


==Verb morphology==
==Verb morphology==

Revision as of 06:10, 5 February 2010

Every consonant comes with a lenited and palatalized counterpart. They are basic for declinantion and conjugation:

Lenited form bh dh fh gh kh lh mh nh ph qh rh z th vh
Alternative lenited form ð ɸ ɣ x ł μ θ β
Full form b d f g k l m n p q r s t v
Palatalized form b' d' f' ż c l' m' ň p' q' r' ş t' v'

Morphology

VOS - Shape

Article

There is both indefinite and definite article

Definite article

Masculine
Case
Singular
Plural
Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form
Nominative EN ë EMI en
Genitive ENI ë EMOS en
Dative EHO e EMIA eņa
Accusative EH ë EMO en
Feminine
Case
Singular
Plural
Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form
Nominative ENA e ENI e
Genitive ENAS en ENOS enu
Dative EHA e ENIA eňa
Accusative ENA e ENIO eň


Noun morphology

  • 1st declension - Nouns starting in consonant and ending in consonant - Masculine
vad (son)
Ancient term
Modern term
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative VADOM VADE ë vad en βad'
Genitive VADI VADOS ë βad' enu vad
Dative VADON VADIA e βad eňa βad'a
Accusative VADIU VADO ë vad'u en βad
  • 1st declension - Nouns starting in consonant and ending in vowel - Feminine
vad (daughter)
Ancient term
Modern term
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative VADO VADI e vad e βad'
Genitive VADAS VADOS en vad enu vad
Dative VADIO VADIA e vad' eňa βad'a
Accusative VADIU VADIO e vad'u eň βad'
  • 2nd declension - Nouns starting in vowel and ending in consonant - Masculine
eθen (hand)
Ancient term
Modern term
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative ETENOS ETENE ënh eθen eμ eθeň
Genitive ETENI ETENOS ëň eθeň eμëz eθen
Dative ETENON ETENIA e-eθen em'-eθeňa
Accusative ETENIU ETENO ë-eθeňu eμ eθen
  • 2nd declension - Nouns starting in vowel and ending in vowel - Feminine
um (mother)
Ancient term
Modern term
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative UMO UMI enh um eň um'
Genitive UMAS UMOS enhëz um enhëz um
Dative UMIO UMIA e-um' eň-um'a
Accusative UMIU UMIO enh um'u eň-um'o


  • 3rd declension - Nouns starting in consonant and ending in consonant
da (house)
Ancient term
Modern term
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative DAK DAKI ë da e ðac
Genitive DAKI DAKOS ë ðac enu dak
Dative DAKON DAKIA e ðak eňa ðaca
Accusative DAKIU DAKIO ë dacu eň ðac

Pronouns

Personal

English
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form
I GA gë GOS go GOSIA goşë GAMO gëm
Thou DA dë DOS do DOSIA doşë DAMO dëm
He LO le LU lë LUIA lëjë LUMO lëm
She SO se SA së SAIA sëjë SAMO sëm
It NA në NES në NESIA nëşë NAMO nëm
We MAN ma MANES man MANESIA manheşë MANEMO manhëm
You TEL t'e TELOS t'el TELOSIA t'ełëşë TELOMO t'ełëm
They KOD ke KODOS kod KODOSIA koðëşë KODOMO koðëm

Possessive

English Ancient form Modern form Modern lenited form
My GOS go ɣo
Your (thou) DOS do ðo
His LU lë łë
Her SA së zë
Its NES në nhë
Our MANES man μan
Your TELOS tel θel
Their KODOS kod xod

Possessive pronouns (a genitive form of personal pronouns) come after their nouns and endure lenition, if required. Examples:

  • my house: ë da go
  • of my house: ë ðac ɣo
  • to her daughter: ë vad' zë
  • we see their daughter: lo kat e vad'u xod

Verb morphology

Verbs conjugate according to person, number and aspect. They do not conjugate according to tense.

  • 1st conjugation - Verbs starting in consonant
kato (to see)
Person
Imperfective
Perfective
Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form
I LA KATE lë xac OLAS KATE olë kac
Thou LEM KATEN lë kat OLEM KATEN ol kac
He/She/It LO KAT le xa OLO KATO ol xat
We LUV KATOM lo kat OLU KATOM olë xat
You LUS KATI lo kac OLU KATIS olë xac
They LI KATUN l'ë xatu OLI KATUN ol' xatu
  • 2nd conjugation - Verbs starting in vowel
aso (to eat)
Person
Imperfective
Perfective
Ancient form Modern form Ancient form Modern form
I LA ASE l-aş OLAS ASE olëz aş
Thou LEM ASEN lëμ as OLEM ASEN olëμ aş
He/She/It LO AS l-a OLO ASO ol-as
We LUV ASOM loβ as OLU ASOM olë as
You LUS ASI loz aş OLU ASIS olë aş
They LI ASUN l'-asu OLI ASUN ol'-asu

The meaning of past is expressed by an adverbial particle, placed after the verb:

  • DA → dë (lenited form: ðe)

Examples:

  • Did you see my house?: ol kac dë po ë dacu ɣo?
  • My name is Marco: le bhe Marco ë sefo go
  • He was eating your apple: l-a dë e galoňu ðo
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