Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax: Difference between revisions

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* '''Word Order:''' Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
* '''Word Order:''' Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
* '''Egalitarianism:''' All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
* '''Egalitarianism:''' All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
* '''Lexical Source:''' The language uses only native Koreanic roots, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.
* '''Lexical Source:''' The language uses only **native Koreanic roots**, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.


=== A. Vowel Harmony (Aesthetics) ===
=== A. Vowel Harmony and Poetics (Heureumsi) ===
Kyoraemal uses Vowel Harmony as an aesthetic principle that governs word usage in poetics (known as **Heureumsi** - 흐름시, Flowing Verse):
The language features an aesthetic principle that governs formal and poetic speech, particularly within its official poetic style, **Heureumsi** (흐름시 - Flowing Verse), which is based on a three-foot rhythmic pulse.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| '''짙은소리''' (''Jiteun-sori'')
| '''짙은소리''' (''Jiteun-sori'')
| ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ (Deep Vowels)
| ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ (Deep Vowels)
| Dark, Soft, Passive, Slow, Earth
| Dark, Soft, Passive, Slow, Heavy, Earth
|}
|}


== II. Particles and Markers ==
== II. Particles and Markers ==


=== A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles ===
=== A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles (Tonal) ===
These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.
These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.


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|-
|-
| '''-님''' ('' -nim'')  
| '''-님''' ('' -nim'')  
| **Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise/professional titles (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities.
| **Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities (e.g., 하늘님).
| ''하늘님'' (The Supreme Deity.)
| ''하늘님'' (The Supreme Deity.)
|}
|}


=== B. Grammatical Particles ===
=== B. Grammatical Particles (Nouns) ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Particle  
! Particle  
! Function / Notes
! Function  
! Example
! Example
|-
|-
| '''-이''' ('' -i'')  
| '''-이''' ('' -i'') / **-는** ('' -neun'')
| **Subject Particle.** Used universally for subjects.
| **Subject** / **Topic** Markers.
| ''사람이'' (the person as subject)
| ''사람이 / 사람은'' (the person as subject / as for the person)
|-
| '''-는''' ('' -neun'')  
| **Topic Particle.** Used universally for topics.
| ''사람은'' (as for the person)
|-
|-
| '''-을/-를''' (''-eul/-reul'')
| '''-을/-를''' (''-eul/-reul'')
| **Object Particle.**
| **Object** Particle.
| ''밥을'' (rice as object)
| ''밥을 먹다'' (eat the meal)
|-
|-
| '''-의''' ('' -ui'')
| '''-의''' ('' -ui'')
| **Possessive Particle.**
| **Possessive** Particle.
| ''나의'' (my)
| ''나의'' (my)
|-
|-
| '''-(으)ㅁ이''' ('' -(eu)m-i'')  
| '''-(으)ㅁ이''' ('' -(eu)m-i'')  
| **Adverbial Particle.** Transforms words into adverbs (e.g., 깊다 → 깊이).
| **Adverbial** Particle (from verb/adjective stem).
| ''꿋꿋이'' (stoutly/firmly)
| ''꿋꿋이'' (stoutly/firmly)
|-
|-
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|}
|}


== III. Verb Conjugations ==
== III. Verb and Adjective Conjugations ==
Adjectives and verbs conjugate identically. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).
Adjectives are verbal and conjugate exactly like verbs. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| **Declarative (Present)**
| **Declarative (Present)**
| Base form **-다** (-da).
| Base form **-다** (-da).
| ''먹다'' (He eats/It is eating.)
| ''먹다'' (He eats.)
|-
|-
| **Interrogative (Question)**
| **Interrogative (Question)**
| **-ㄴ가** (-n-ga) for all questions.
| **-ㄴ가** (-n-ga).
| ''먹는가?'' (Are you eating?)
| ''먹는가?'' (Are you eating?)
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| **Past Tense**
| **Past Tense**
| **-았-** (yang vowels) or **-었-** (yin/neutral vowels) + **-다**.
| **-았-** (yang) or **-었-** (yin/neutral) + **-다**.
| ''갔다'' (went), ''먹었다'' (ate).
| ''먹었다'' (ate), ''갔다'' (went).
|-
|-
| **Future Tense**
| **Future Tense**
| **-을-/-알-** + **-다**.
| **-을-** (yin/neutral) or **-알-** (yang) + **-다**.
| ''먹을다'' (will eat), ''갈다'' (will go).
| ''먹을다'' (will eat), ''갈다'' (will go).
|}
|}
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== IV. Negation and Existential Verbs ==
== IV. Negation and Existential Verbs ==


Kyoraemal relies on native roots for all negation.
Kyoraemal uses native roots for all negation.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| **없다** (''eopda'')
| **없다** (''eopda'')
| ''돈이 없다'' (There is no money.)
| ''돈이 없다'' (There is no money.)
|}
== V. Core Cultural and Lexical Systems ==
=== A. Kinship and Relational Terms (Egalitarian) ===
| **어버이** (eobeoi) | Parent (Father or Mother)
| **짝** (jjak) | Spouse/Partner
| **결속** (gyeolsok) | Family (Unit)
=== B. Spiritual Vocabulary ===
| **하늘님** (haneulnim) | The Supreme Deity/Heaven
| **무당** (mudang) | Shamanic Practitioner
| **굿** (gut) | Shamanic Ritual
| **복** (bok) | Divine Fortune
=== C. Quantitative and Spatial Systems ===
{| class="wikitable"
! System
! Kyoraemal Term
! Meaning
|-
| **Counting Anchor**
| **즈믄** (jeumeun)
| One Thousand (1,000)
|-
| **Counting Anchor**
| **열즈믄** (yeoljeumeun)
| Ten Thousand (10,000)
|-
| **Direction (East)**
| **푸른곳** (pureungot)
| East (Blue Place)
|-
| **Direction (West)**
| **흰곳** (huingot)
| West (White Place)
|-
| **Direction (South)**
| **붉은곳** (bulgeungot)
| South (Red Place)
|-
| **Direction (North)**
| **검은곳** (geomeungot)
| North (Black Place)
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:06, 29 September 2025

Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax

Kyoraemal Grammar is defined by its foundational principle: the complete elimination of Confucian-era **honorifics** and reliance on **pure native Koreanic** roots. It features an **egalitarian** sentence structure that values sincerity and shared intent over social hierarchy.

I. Foundational Structure and Core Principles

  • Word Order: Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
  • Egalitarianism: All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
  • Lexical Source: The language uses only **native Koreanic roots**, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.

A. Vowel Harmony and Poetics (Heureumsi)

The language features an aesthetic principle that governs formal and poetic speech, particularly within its official poetic style, **Heureumsi** (흐름시 - Flowing Verse), which is based on a three-foot rhythmic pulse.

Aesthetic Term Vowels Used Connotation
밝은소리 (Balgeun-sori) ㅏ, ㅗ (Bright Vowels) Light, Loud, Active, Quick, Fire
짙은소리 (Jiteun-sori) ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ (Deep Vowels) Dark, Soft, Passive, Slow, Heavy, Earth

II. Particles and Markers

A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles (Tonal)

These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.

Particle Function / Meaning Example
-소 ( -so) **Sincerity and Conviction.** 옳다소 (It is correct, I assure you.)
-오 ( -o) **Softening / Contextual Deference.** 오시오 (Please come, mildly requesting.)
-세 ( -se) **Shared Action / Cooperation.** 가세 (Let's go together.)
-님 ( -nim) **Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities (e.g., 하늘님). 하늘님 (The Supreme Deity.)

B. Grammatical Particles (Nouns)

Particle Function Example
-이 ( -i) / **-는** ( -neun) **Subject** / **Topic** Markers. 사람이 / 사람은 (the person as subject / as for the person)
-을/-를 (-eul/-reul) **Object** Particle. 밥을 먹다 (eat the meal)
-의 ( -ui) **Possessive** Particle. 나의 (my)
-(으)ㅁ이 ( -(eu)m-i) **Adverbial** Particle (from verb/adjective stem). 꿋꿋이 (stoutly/firmly)
-와/-과 (-wa/-gwa) **Conjunction** (linking nouns). 해와 달 (sun and moon)

III. Verb and Adjective Conjugations

Adjectives are verbal and conjugate exactly like verbs. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).

Tense/Mood Conjugation Rule Example
**Declarative (Present)** Base form **-다** (-da). 먹다 (He eats.)
**Interrogative (Question)** **-ㄴ가** (-n-ga). 먹는가? (Are you eating?)
**Imperative (Command)** **-라** (-ra). 먹어라! (Eat!)
**Past Tense** **-았-** (yang) or **-었-** (yin/neutral) + **-다**. 먹었다 (ate), 갔다 (went).
**Future Tense** **-을-** (yin/neutral) or **-알-** (yang) + **-다**. 먹을다 (will eat), 갈다 (will go).

IV. Negation and Existential Verbs

Kyoraemal uses native roots for all negation.

Type Kyoraemal Form Usage Example
**Inability (Short)** **못** (mot) + Verb 못 하오 (I cannot do it.)
**General Negation (Long)** Verb stem + **아니하다** (ani-hada) 흐르지 아니하오 (It does not flow.)
**Absence / "To not exist"** **없다** (eopda) 돈이 없다 (There is no money.)

V. Core Cultural and Lexical Systems

A. Kinship and Relational Terms (Egalitarian)

| **어버이** (eobeoi) | Parent (Father or Mother) | **짝** (jjak) | Spouse/Partner | **결속** (gyeolsok) | Family (Unit)

B. Spiritual Vocabulary

| **하늘님** (haneulnim) | The Supreme Deity/Heaven | **무당** (mudang) | Shamanic Practitioner | **굿** (gut) | Shamanic Ritual | **복** (bok) | Divine Fortune

C. Quantitative and Spatial Systems

System Kyoraemal Term Meaning
**Counting Anchor** **즈믄** (jeumeun) One Thousand (1,000)
**Counting Anchor** **열즈믄** (yeoljeumeun) Ten Thousand (10,000)
**Direction (East)** **푸른곳** (pureungot) East (Blue Place)
**Direction (West)** **흰곳** (huingot) West (White Place)
**Direction (South)** **붉은곳** (bulgeungot) South (Red Place)
**Direction (North)** **검은곳** (geomeungot) North (Black Place)
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