Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax: Difference between revisions

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= Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax =
= Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax =


'''Kyoraemal Grammar''' is defined by its foundational principle: the complete elimination of Confucian-era **honorifics** and reliance on **pure native Koreanic** roots. It features an egalitarian sentence structure that values sincerity and shared intent over social hierarchy.
'''Kyoraemal Grammar''' is defined by its foundational principle: the complete elimination of Confucian-era **honorifics** and reliance on **pure native Koreanic** roots. It features an **egalitarian** sentence structure that values sincerity and shared intent over social hierarchy.


== I. Foundational Structure ==
== I. Foundational Structure and Core Principles ==


* '''Word Order:''' Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure (e.g., *Subject* + *Object* + *Verb* + *Particle*).
* '''Word Order:''' Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
* '''Egalitarianism:''' All speakers, regardless of age or status, use the same verb endings and particles. The language avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech) in favor of tonal particles.
* '''Egalitarianism:''' All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
* '''Lexical Source:''' The language uses only native Koreanic roots, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.


=== A. Poetic and Aesthetic Principles ===
=== A. Vowel Harmony (Aesthetics) ===
Kyoraemal incorporates aesthetic constraints that govern formal and poetic speech, particularly within its official poetic style, **Heureumsi** (흐름시 - Flowing Verse).
Kyoraemal uses Vowel Harmony as an aesthetic principle that governs word usage in poetics (known as **Heureumsi** - 흐름시, Flowing Verse):


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 25: Line 26:
|}
|}


== II. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles ==
== II. Particles and Markers ==


=== A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles ===
These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.
These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.


Line 35: Line 37:
|-
|-
| '''-소''' ('' -so'')  
| '''-소''' ('' -so'')  
| **Sincerity and Conviction.** Used to express certainty or belief.
| **Sincerity and Conviction.**
| ''옳다소'' (It is correct, I assure you.)
| ''옳다소'' (It is correct, I assure you.)
|-
|-
| '''-오''' ('' -o'')  
| '''-오''' ('' -o'')  
| **Softening / Contextual Deference.** Used to make a statement or question gentler or more polite.
| **Softening / Contextual Deference.**
| ''평안이오'' (Peace/Hello, softening.)
| ''오시오'' (Please come, mildly requesting.)
|-
|-
| '''-세''' ('' -se'')  
| '''-세''' ('' -se'')  
| **Shared Action / Cooperation.** Used when proposing an action to be done together.
| **Shared Action / Cooperation.**
| ''가세'' (Let's go together.)
| ''가세'' (Let's go together.)
|-
|-
| '''-님''' ('' -nim'')  
| '''-님''' ('' -nim'')  
| **Reverence Marker.** Used as a suffix to certain nouns (like '''하늘님''') to show deep, non-hierarchical respect to a spiritual entity or revered concept.
| **Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise/professional titles (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities.
| ''하늘님'' (The Supreme Deity/Heaven.)
| ''하늘님'' (The Supreme Deity.)
|}
 
=== B. Grammatical Particles ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Particle
! Function / Notes
! Example
|-
| '''-이''' ('' -i'')
| **Subject Particle.** Used universally for subjects.
| ''사람이'' (the person as subject)
|-
| '''-는''' ('' -neun'')
| **Topic Particle.** Used universally for topics.
| ''사람은'' (as for the person)
|-
| '''-을/-를''' (''-eul/-reul'')
| **Object Particle.**
| ''밥을'' (rice as object)
|-
| '''-의''' ('' -ui'')
| **Possessive Particle.**
| ''나의'' (my)
|-
|-
| '''-(으)ㅁ이''' ('' -(eu)m-i'')  
| '''-(으)ㅁ이''' ('' -(eu)m-i'')  
| **Adverbial Particle.** Used to turn a verb or adjective root into an adverb.
| **Adverbial Particle.** Transforms words into adverbs (e.g., 깊다 → 깊이).
| ''힘씀에 고맙소'' (Lit: Thankful for the effort/act of exerting strength.)
| ''꿋꿋이'' (stoutly/firmly)
|-
| '''-와/-과''' (''-wa/-gwa'')
| **Conjunction** (linking nouns).
| ''해와 달'' (sun and moon)
|}
|}


== III. Negation and Existential Verbs ==
== III. Verb Conjugations ==
Adjectives and verbs conjugate identically. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Tense/Mood
! Conjugation Rule
! Example
|-
| **Declarative (Present)**
| Base form **-다** (-da).
| ''먹다'' (He eats/It is eating.)
|-
| **Interrogative (Question)**
| **-ㄴ가** (-n-ga) for all questions.
| ''먹는가?'' (Are you eating?)
|-
| **Imperative (Command)**
| **-라** (-ra).
| ''먹어라!'' (Eat!)
|-
| **Past Tense**
| **-았-** (yang vowels) or **-었-** (yin/neutral vowels) + **-다**.
| ''갔다'' (went), ''먹었다'' (ate).
|-
| **Future Tense**
| **-을-/-알-** + **-다**.
| ''먹을다'' (will eat), ''갈다'' (will go).
|}
 
== IV. Negation and Existential Verbs ==


Kyoraemal relies on native roots for all negation.
Kyoraemal relies on native roots for all negation.
Line 64: Line 123:
! Usage Example
! Usage Example
|-
|-
| '''Inability (Short)'''
| **Inability (Short)**
| '''못''' (''mot'') + Verb
| **못** (''mot'') + Verb
| ''못 하오'' (I cannot do it.)
| ''못 하오'' (I cannot do it.)
|-
|-
| '''General Negation (Long)'''
| **General Negation (Long)**
| Verb stem + **아니하다** (''ani-hada'')
| Verb stem + **아니하다** (''ani-hada'')
| ''흐르지 아니하오'' (It does not flow.)
| ''흐르지 아니하오'' (It does not flow.)
|-
|-
| '''Absence'''
| **Absence / "To not exist"**
| **없다** (''eopda'')
| **없다** (''eopda'')
| ''끝이 없이'' (Without end / To not have existence.)
| ''돈이 없다'' (There is no money.)
|}
 
== IV. Core Verbal Roots ==
The language relies on fundamental native verbs for its core actions.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kyoraemal Root
! Pronunciation
! English Meaning
! Notes
|-
| '''살다'''
| ''salda''
| To live
|
|-
| '''솟다'''
| ''sotda''
| To rise / To soar
|
|-
| '''흐르다'''
| ''heureuda''
| To flow
|
| '''하다'''
| ''hada''
| To do / To be (auxiliary)
| Used as a base for many actions.
|-
| '''돌보다'''
| ''dolboda''
| To care for / To look after
|
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:03, 29 September 2025

Kyoraemal Grammar and Syntax

Kyoraemal Grammar is defined by its foundational principle: the complete elimination of Confucian-era **honorifics** and reliance on **pure native Koreanic** roots. It features an **egalitarian** sentence structure that values sincerity and shared intent over social hierarchy.

I. Foundational Structure and Core Principles

  • Word Order: Kyoraemal uses the standard **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb) structure.
  • Egalitarianism: All speakers use the same verb endings and particles. The language strictly avoids all forms of *jondaetmal* (honorific/deferential speech).
  • Lexical Source: The language uses only native Koreanic roots, avoiding Sino-Korean (Hanja) words.

A. Vowel Harmony (Aesthetics)

Kyoraemal uses Vowel Harmony as an aesthetic principle that governs word usage in poetics (known as **Heureumsi** - 흐름시, Flowing Verse):

Aesthetic Term Vowels Used Connotation
밝은소리 (Balgeun-sori) ㅏ, ㅗ (Bright Vowels) Light, Loud, Active, Quick, Fire
짙은소리 (Jiteun-sori) ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅡ (Deep Vowels) Dark, Soft, Passive, Slow, Earth

II. Particles and Markers

A. Non-Hierarchical Final Particles

These particles convey the **tone or intent** of the statement, rather than the social status of the listener.

Particle Function / Meaning Example
-소 ( -so) **Sincerity and Conviction.** 옳다소 (It is correct, I assure you.)
-오 ( -o) **Softening / Contextual Deference.** 오시오 (Please come, mildly requesting.)
-세 ( -se) **Shared Action / Cooperation.** 가세 (Let's go together.)
-님 ( -nim) **Reverence Marker.** Used only for high expertise/professional titles (e.g., 가르치님) or spiritual entities. 하늘님 (The Supreme Deity.)

B. Grammatical Particles

Particle Function / Notes Example
-이 ( -i) **Subject Particle.** Used universally for subjects. 사람이 (the person as subject)
-는 ( -neun) **Topic Particle.** Used universally for topics. 사람은 (as for the person)
-을/-를 (-eul/-reul) **Object Particle.** 밥을 (rice as object)
-의 ( -ui) **Possessive Particle.** 나의 (my)
-(으)ㅁ이 ( -(eu)m-i) **Adverbial Particle.** Transforms words into adverbs (e.g., 깊다 → 깊이). 꿋꿋이 (stoutly/firmly)
-와/-과 (-wa/-gwa) **Conjunction** (linking nouns). 해와 달 (sun and moon)

III. Verb Conjugations

Adjectives and verbs conjugate identically. The base form ends in **-다** (-da).

Tense/Mood Conjugation Rule Example
**Declarative (Present)** Base form **-다** (-da). 먹다 (He eats/It is eating.)
**Interrogative (Question)** **-ㄴ가** (-n-ga) for all questions. 먹는가? (Are you eating?)
**Imperative (Command)** **-라** (-ra). 먹어라! (Eat!)
**Past Tense** **-았-** (yang vowels) or **-었-** (yin/neutral vowels) + **-다**. 갔다 (went), 먹었다 (ate).
**Future Tense** **-을-/-알-** + **-다**. 먹을다 (will eat), 갈다 (will go).

IV. Negation and Existential Verbs

Kyoraemal relies on native roots for all negation.

Type Kyoraemal Form Usage Example
**Inability (Short)** **못** (mot) + Verb 못 하오 (I cannot do it.)
**General Negation (Long)** Verb stem + **아니하다** (ani-hada) 흐르지 아니하오 (It does not flow.)
**Absence / "To not exist"** **없다** (eopda) 돈이 없다 (There is no money.)
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