User:Aquatiki/Sandbox2: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (→‎Phonology: new line)
(→‎Phonology: sentence)
Line 126: Line 126:
== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; float:left"
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; float:left"
! !! Bilabial !! Labiolingual !! Alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
! !! Labial !! Labiolingual !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
|-
! Nasal
! Nasal
| colspan="4" | /m~n~ŋ/ ||
| /m/ '''m''' || /n̼/ '''n''' || /n/ '''n''' || /ŋ/ '''ŋ''' ||
|-
! Click
| (/ᵐʘ/ '''mx''') || || (/ŋǃ/ '''nc''') || ||
|-
|-
! Voiced Stop
! Voiced Stop
| b || || d || g ||
| '''b''' || || '''d''' || '''g''' ||
|-
|-
! Eject. Stop
! Eject. Stop
| pʼ || || t’ || k’ || ʔ
| /pʼ/ '''pq''' || || /t’/ '''tq''' || /k’/ '''kq''' || /ʔ/ ''' ' '''
|-
|-
! Unvoiced Stop
! Unvoiced Stop
| p || || t || k~x ||
| '''p''' || || '''t''' || /k~x/ '''k''' ||
|-
|-
! Plain Fricative
! Plain Fricative
| ɸ~β || θ̼~ð̼ || s~z || ||
| /ɸ~β/ '''f''' || /θ̼~ð̼/ '''þ''' || /s~z/ '''s''' || (/ʒ/ '''ž''') || ||
|-
|-
! Eject. Fricative
! Eject. Fricative
| ɸʼ || θ̼ʼ || s’~ts’ || ||
| /fʼ/ '''fq''' || /θ̼ʼ/ '''þq''' || /s’~ts’/ '''sq''' || ||
|-
|-
! Approx./Trill
! Approx./Trill
| w || || r || j || h~ɦ
| '''w''' || || '''r''' || '''j''' || /h~ɦ/ '''h'''
|-
|-
! Laterals
! Laterals
| || l̼ || ɬ || ||
| || /l̼/ '''l''' || /ɬ/ '''ł''' || ||
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"
! !! Front !! Back
! !! Front !! Back !! Underspecified
|-
|-
! High
! High
| i || u
| '''i''' || '''u''' || I
|-
|-
! High-Mid
! High-Mid
| e || o
| '''e''' || '''o''' || O
|-
|-
! Low-Mid
! Low-Mid
| ɛ || ɔ
| /ɛ/ '''ë''' || /ɔ/ '''ö''' || Ö
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| colspan="2" | ä
| colspan="2" | /ä/ '''a'''
|}
|}


Line 180: Line 183:
* hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
* hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
* any coda, except glides
* any coda, except glides
=== Sentences ===
# The storm scared people
#* k’ɛthu-Mp’a ʔusɛk närgo-f’
#* kqëthumxa ’usëk närgofq
#* As for the storm, (there is) fear in people.

Revision as of 18:44, 23 March 2025

Goals

  1. Endgoal - A truly verbless language I can use
  2. Vague phrases
    1. Glacial pace
    2. Navajo-of-nouns
    3. lazy but clever
    4. carved in stone
    5. complicated rituals
  3. Naturalism - 6/10
    • I want some naturalistic elements
    • Different setting (parallel Earth)
    • Different nature (immortal humans)
    • Irregularities but not many
    • Idioms within reason
  4. Complexity - insane. Navajo but with only nouns
  5. Derivation - clear. Agglutinative, basically
  6. Features
    1. Phonology
      1. Vowel harmony
      2. A couple of clicks, and ejectives (un-earth-like)
      3. CV, and CVC
    2. Grammar
      1. No verbs at all
      2. assumed copular between topic and subject
      3. 6 nouns classes (genders), like animacy
      4. Many cases (12?)
      5. Case-stacking
      6. word glue, like German
      7. mostly agglutinative, touch of fusional
    3. Culture
      1. things happen, not because someone does them, but because the world unfolds in prescribed patterns
      2. discourse is formulaic, ceremonial, or sacred: more on set relational expressions and fixed semantic roles, rather than on active description of novel events
      3. agency is less linguistically salient, so predicates assigning blame, initiative, or creativity are avoided
      4. Tidally Locked Planet
        1. The sun never moves in the sky.
        2. The world is divided into zones of permanent day, eternal night, and a narrow habitable twilight ring.
        3. People live in a stable band where temperature and light are forever the same.
      5. Mountain life
        1. Isolated communities → heavy internal consistency, less external pressure to simplify
        2. Thin air → favoring sharp, closed articulation: ejectives, glottalization, voiceless stops
        3. Cultural inwardness → deep philosophies of stasis and permanence
      6. Time is measured in generations, epochs, weathering of stone, growth cycles of ultra-slow plants

Go

Case Function Gloss Ending
Existential cases
Topical Frames the referent of the utterance “As for…” -Mp'a
Identity Category, essence, nominal predicate “is a…” / “equals…” -
Possessive ownership, authorship, kinship, part-whole “X’s Y” -rkI
Genitive association, content, theme, objective, attribution “Y of X” -ł(Ɛ)
Where/When Cases
Case Function Typical gloss Ending
Locative Place, state, context of being, time-within “in,” “at,” “on”, "during" -f'
Dative Target, direction “to,” “for,” “until", "as far as" -Mk'O
Ablative Source, cause, origin “from,” “because of,” “due to” -bdI
Benefactive Advantage, interest, concern “for the benefit of…”, "at the behest of" -aI
Abessive Absence, privation, “lacking” “without,” “lacking,” “free from”, "exclude" -st'Ɛ
How Cases
Case Function Typical gloss Ending
Instrumental Means, medium, material “by (means of)”, “through,” “with”, "using" -fla
Adverbial Role/state modifier, part of speech shift “as (a) X,” “in a X way”, "like" -Oad
Translative Change of state, transform/manifestation “becoming,” “into,” “turning into” -k'(I)
Noun Classes
Not "Container" (mass: ?, ??) "Container" (count: ?, ??)
Idea + Matter Animals (also temperaments) Persons / Gods
Matter only (Diffuse) Substances: air, fire Tools , "rocks"
Idea only Actions Abstracts, Categories, Sets

Number: Containers are unmarked for number, as in Chinese/Japanese/Korean. Non-containers default to a collective/mass-noun number, but can take a partitive (which can mean as few as one).

Polypersonal pronouns:

Phonology

Labial Labiolingual Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ m /n̼/ n /n/ n /ŋ/ ŋ
Click (/ᵐʘ/ mx) (/ŋǃ/ nc)
Voiced Stop b d g
Eject. Stop /pʼ/ pq /t’/ tq /k’/ kq /ʔ/ '
Unvoiced Stop p t /k~x/ k
Plain Fricative /ɸ~β/ f /θ̼~ð̼/ þ /s~z/ s (/ʒ/ ž)
Eject. Fricative /fʼ/ fq /θ̼ʼ/ þq /s’~ts’/ sq
Approx./Trill w r j /h~ɦ/ h
Laterals /l̼/ l /ɬ/ ł
Front Back Underspecified
High i u I
High-Mid e o O
Low-Mid /ɛ/ ë /ɔ/ ö Ö
Low /ä/ a


Allophony:

  • nasal + labial ejective -> [m͡ʘ]
  • nasal + non-labial ejective -> [ŋ͡ǃ]

Phonotactics are (C)(G)V(C2):

  • any consonant or none can a syllable
  • Glides (/j/ or /w/) after anything
  • hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
  • any coda, except glides

Sentences

  1. The storm scared people
    • k’ɛthu-Mp’a ʔusɛk närgo-f’
    • kqëthumxa ’usëk närgofq
    • As for the storm, (there is) fear in people.
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Aquatiki/Sandbox2&oldid=167868"