User:Bukkia/sandboxVI: Difference between revisions

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First change: '''Consonantal mutation''':
List of sample sentences
*nk, nt, np → g, d, b
==We fell==
*g, d, b → k, t, p
{|
*k, t, p → χ, ð, β
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''We fell''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*ʔaχaʂiːkonoɬ/ʔaχaʂiːkoɬon'''<br><small>PAST-fall<sub>PERF</sub>-PLUR-1ps/PAST-fall<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps-PLUR</small>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | ʔahašī́konow
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | tòrô êčaɣíðə
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | onof hašjiciθu
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | ahaɕīgohon
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | çišeǧidũ jẽnõ
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | hɛxɛʂigunū
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ɔdduno ehišegəjduno
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | xexihunü
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ūdjū xɛṡigīdū
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔahaʂīkolon
|}
==The person fell==
{|
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''The person fell''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*pʰuːka ʔaχaʂiːk(æt́)'''<br><small>person-PASS PAST-fall<sub>PERF</sub>(-3ps)</small>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | phū́ka ʔahašī́k
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | çúɣe tòr êčaɣíðə
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ fuxal‘ ojh hašjiciθu
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | fūga ahaɕīgeš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | foɣar çišeǧid jẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | pūgɛ hɛxɛʂig
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ež pɔge ehišegəjdo
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs pühä xexig
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | pūɣɛ xɛṡigīdu
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔahaʂīk fūka
|}
{|
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''The man saw the dog''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*ɬiːroli sopa ʔaloliːṕ(æt́)'''<br><small>man-AGEN dog-PASS PAST-see<sub>PERF</sub>(-3ps)</small>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | wī́roli sopa ʔalolī́pɑt
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | îrə tòr êβíðə soβe
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ vjirul‘ ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ soɸal‘
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | līruli soba alolīčeš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | řirur soba řirušjid jẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | wīruliw hɛlulīšɛc subɛ
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ežd əjro ejjužəjdo ež huve
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs wīrə rurīśäh äs subä
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | vīru lulīžīdu suvɛ
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔalolīṕət́ līroliə sopa
|}


Second change: '''Vowel shift''':
{|
*Only stressed vowels:
|-
** a → æ
| '''Sentence''' || ''The brother gives water to the sister''
** e [ɛ] → i
|-
** e [e] → y
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*tatuli ṕiḱe leluχæ kæɬok(æt́)'''<br><small>brother-AGEN water-PASS sister-TERM see<sub>IMPF</sub>(-3ps)</small>
** o [ɔ] → u
|-
** o [o] → ü
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | tatuli leluɣɑ pike kɑwokɑt
** i → wi/ij (only if preceded by [w])
|-
** u → aw/wa
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | taðu kók piɣ lere
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ taθul‘ ojh kæbociθu pičɛl‘ kowf æha lɛluha
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | toduli leluhe čiš kɛhogeš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | todur ših reruš kov čiǧid wẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | dɛdjuliw gjɛlugjɛc liʎuxjɛ šiwči
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ež deddo gewg həjč (gɔ) ežəre lihore
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs däd́ə gäruǵäh süci gös riŕə
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | dɛdju gjɛluɣjɛc šiwči liʝuxjɛ
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | kəlokət́ tatəwliə ṕiəḱe leləwxə
|}


Third change: ''Nasalisation'':
{|
* an → â
|-
* æn → ◌̂æ
| '''Sentence''' || ''The dog is seen by the man''
* en → ê
|-
* in → î
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*sopa ɬiːroli liːloṕ(æt́)'''<br><small>dog-PASS man-AGEN see<sub>IMPF</sub>(-3ps)</small>
* yn → ŷ
|-
* on → ô
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | sopa wī́roli lī́lop
* un → û
|-
* ün → ◌̂ü
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | soβe kìɣ lîβuɣi âk îrəre
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ soɸal‘ ojh ʎiloɸux‘ jæl æha vjiruha
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | soba līruli līloč
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | sobar řiruš jer řirušug wẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | subɛ līluš wīruliw
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ež huve ləjužuǵ ləj ežd əjro
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs subä cän rīruśuhi rüs wīrə
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | suvɛ lulīžuɣi čɛl vīrurɛ
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | līloṕ sopa līroliə
|}


Other cnanges:
{|
* Final o → ů
|-
* Final i (not semivowel) → y
| '''Sentence''' || ''The woman didn't see the man's house''
* k + j + V → tjV
|-
Examples:
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*ʔoːnali ɬiːrora soːŋoʂu loliːṕæme ʔaʔiːs(æt́)'''<br><small>woman-AGEN man-GEN house-ABL see<sub>PERF</sub>-INF<sub>1</sub> PAST-NEG(-3ps)</small>
* dente → tede → tide
|-
* azione → acjüne
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | ʔṓnali wī́rora sṓgošu lolī́ṕiñɑme ʔaʔī́sɑt
* verb to love, present: amere:
|-
** jiů æmů
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | ône î tòr êβíðə soɣə ô îrəre
** tu æmy
|-
** luj æma
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ ownal‘ he ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ sowgul‘ hæk æha vjiruha
** noj amjæmů
|-
** voj amjæde
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | ōnali līruɕu sōnu līločem ēs
** lůrů manů
|-
* verb to sing, present: χadere
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | wonar řiruš řek swõ řirušjid jĩs
** jiů χædů
|-
** tu χædy
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | hōnɛliw hɛhīsjɛc wīrurɛ sōgušu lulīšiwgɛ
** luj χæda
|-
** noj χadjæmů
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ežd ɔne ejjužəjdo əjs ež hɔgo čel ežəre əjrore
** voj χâdjæde
|-
** lůrů χædanů
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs honä rurīśäh wī äs sohə cäs wīrə
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | hő hīzīdu lulīžiwgɛ sōgurɛ vīrurɛ
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔalolīṕət́ ʔōnaliə sōgo līrora ʔīs
|}
 
{|
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''My father was tending the flock''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*oɬtuʂu/joʂu papuli jaŋet́u ʔarimus(æt́)'''<br><small>1ps<sub>LONG</sub>-ABL/1ps<sub>SHORT</sub>-ABL father-AGEN sheep-COLLECT PAST-see<sub>IMPF</sub>(-3ps)</small>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | jošu papuli jagetu ʔarimusɑt
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | paβu ô òre árimus jaðu
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | æl‘ joral‘ paɸul‘ joh rimusjiθu æl‘ jažɛθul‘
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | oltuɕi pobuli jonəšu arumiseš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | ortušur obušur jõž arumišid wẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | ūdjušu bɛbjuliw hɛriwmjusjɛc čɛgiču
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ɔddužo bevvo rəjmmuzəjdo ež hegičo
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | äs bäb́ə çərä häcän rüḿusīdə äs çähicə
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | vɛvju çūrɛ riwmjuzīdu čɛɣiču
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔariəməwsət́ papəwliə oltəwra jaget́əw
|}
 
{|
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''I say that the bear ate the sheep''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*ʈæŋeɬoɬ t́uːkeːli jaŋeʂu ʔaχomeːnika'''<br><small>say<sub>IMPF</sub>-1ps bear-AGEN sheep-ABL PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>-INF<sub>2</sub></small><br>'''*ʈæŋeɬoɬ χiː t́uːkeːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːniɳ(æt́)'''<br><small>say<sub>IMPF</sub>-1ps that bear-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>-SUBJ(-3ps)</small>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | tsɑgewow tū́kḗli jagešu ʔahomḗniñɑme<br>tsɑgewow hī́ɑt tū́kḗli jage ʔahomḗniñɑt
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | sâw hît túɣé tór âmoníðə jaše
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | owf cæžebjiθu hjæt æl‘ tučil‘ ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | cɛnəhow šūšēli jonəɕu ahomēniga<br>cɛnəhow šūšēli jon ahomēniga<br>cɛnəhow hīdu šūšēli jon ahomēnečeš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | çwiçid wẽv çid fožer jõ çemũňid jẽh
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | ʈɛgilū cūgēliw çɛgišu hɛxumēniwňiwgɛ<br>ʈɛgilū xīlu cūgēliw çɛgi hɛxumēniwňɛc
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | cegɔ həju ež cɔgej ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ɕähirü xīr äs sühe xumeńäh äs çähi
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | tsɛɣilū xīlu çūɣi xumīdu çɛɣi
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʈəgelol ʔahomēnəme t́ūkēliə jage<br>ʈəgelol hīlo ʔahomēnoṕət́ t́ūkēliə jage
|}
 
{|
|-
| '''Sentence''' || ''I saw the wolf who ate the sheep''
|-
| '''''Proto-Piti''''' || '''*jaŋeʂu ʔaχomeːniːto kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ'''<br><small>sheep-ABL PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>-PART.AG-PASS wolf-PASS PAST-see<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps</small><br>'''*χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́) kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ'''<br><small>which<sub>REL</sub>-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>(-3ps) wolf-PASS PAST-see<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps</small><br>'''*kæŋo χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́) ʔaloliːṕoɬ'''<br><small>wolf-PASS which<sub>REL</sub>-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>(-3ps) PAST-see<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps</small><br>'''*kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́)'''<br><small>wolf-PASS PAST-see<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps which<sub>REL</sub>-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eat<sub>PERF</sub>(-3ps)</small><br>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''Kī́rtako''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | jagešu ʔahomḗnī́to kɑgo ʔalolī́pow<br>hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt kɑgo ʔalolī́pow<br>kɑgo hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt ʔalolī́pow<br>kɑgo ʔalolī́pow hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt<br>
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Iðâɣ''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ì tór âmoníðə jaše<br>tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ìðu tór âmoníðə jaše<br>tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ô šáɣə tór âmoníðə jaše
|-
| style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''Lændixu''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ homjeñiθul‘ æl‘ jažɛl‘<br>owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ hji ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘<br>owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ æl‘ sæxul‘ ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘
|-
| style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''ancient Figo''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | jonəɕu ahomēnīdu kɛnu alolīčow<br>hīli jon ahomēnečeš kɛnu alolīčow<br>kɛnu hīli jon ahomēnečeš alolīčow<br>kɛnu alolīčow hīli jon ahomēnečeš
|-
| style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''modern Figo''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | jõ çemũňid jẽh šweduɣur kwẽ řirušjid jẽv <br>kwẽ šweduɣur jõ çemũňid jẽh řirušjid jẽv
|-
| style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''Biwdiw''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | hɛlulīšū çɛgišu hɛxumēnīdu gjɛgu<br>hɛlulīšū gjɛgu xīliw çɛgi hɛxumēniwňɛc
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Gəjlnigo''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ša ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ<br>ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ež šago ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ<br>ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ež hego ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Cärähə''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | rurīsü äs ǵähə xumenīdə äs çähi<br>rurīsü äs ǵähə xīhə xumeńäh äs çähi<br>rurīsü äs ǵähə äs sähə xumeńäh äs çähi
|-
| style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''Viwdiwgu'''  || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | ūdju lulīžīdu gjɛgu xī xumīdu čɛɣi<br>ūdju lulīžīdu gjɛgu xīgu xumīdu čɛɣi
|-
| style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''Jeʂtəra''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnīto jage<br>ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnət́ hī jage<br>ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnət́ hīlo jage<br>ʔalolīṕol kəgo hīlo ʔahomēnət́ ət́lo jage
|}

Revision as of 00:14, 27 August 2022

List of sample sentences

We fell

Sentence We fell
Proto-Piti *ʔaχaʂiːkonoɬ/ʔaχaʂiːkoɬon
PAST-fallPERF-PLUR-1ps/PAST-fallPERF-1ps-PLUR
Kī́rtako ʔahašī́konow
Iðâɣ tòrô êčaɣíðə
Lændixu onof hašjiciθu
ancient Figo ahaɕīgohon
modern Figo çišeǧidũ jẽnõ
Biwdiw hɛxɛʂigunū
Gəjlnigo ɔdduno ehišegəjduno
Cärähə xexihunü
Viwdiwgu ūdjū xɛṡigīdū
Jeʂtəra ʔahaʂīkolon

The person fell

Sentence The person fell
Proto-Piti *pʰuːka ʔaχaʂiːk(æt́)
person-PASS PAST-fallPERF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako phū́ka ʔahašī́k
Iðâɣ çúɣe tòr êčaɣíðə
Lændixu æl‘ fuxal‘ ojh hašjiciθu
ancient Figo fūga ahaɕīgeš
modern Figo foɣar çišeǧid jẽh
Biwdiw pūgɛ hɛxɛʂig
Gəjlnigo ež pɔge ehišegəjdo
Cärähə äs pühä xexig
Viwdiwgu pūɣɛ xɛṡigīdu
Jeʂtəra ʔahaʂīk fūka
Sentence The man saw the dog
Proto-Piti *ɬiːroli sopa ʔaloliːṕ(æt́)
man-AGEN dog-PASS PAST-seePERF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako wī́roli sopa ʔalolī́pɑt
Iðâɣ îrə tòr êβíðə soβe
Lændixu æl‘ vjirul‘ ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ soɸal‘
ancient Figo līruli soba alolīčeš
modern Figo řirur soba řirušjid jẽh
Biwdiw wīruliw hɛlulīšɛc subɛ
Gəjlnigo ežd əjro ejjužəjdo ež huve
Cärähə äs wīrə rurīśäh äs subä
Viwdiwgu vīru lulīžīdu suvɛ
Jeʂtəra ʔalolīṕət́ līroliə sopa
Sentence The brother gives water to the sister
Proto-Piti *tatuli ṕiḱe leluχæ kæɬok(æt́)
brother-AGEN water-PASS sister-TERM seeIMPF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako tatuli leluɣɑ pike kɑwokɑt
Iðâɣ taðu kók piɣ lere
Lændixu æl‘ taθul‘ ojh kæbociθu pičɛl‘ kowf æha lɛluha
ancient Figo toduli leluhe čiš kɛhogeš
modern Figo todur ših reruš kov čiǧid wẽh
Biwdiw dɛdjuliw gjɛlugjɛc liʎuxjɛ šiwči
Gəjlnigo ež deddo gewg həjč (gɔ) ežəre lihore
Cärähə äs däd́ə gäruǵäh süci gös riŕə
Viwdiwgu dɛdju gjɛluɣjɛc šiwči liʝuxjɛ
Jeʂtəra kəlokət́ tatəwliə ṕiəḱe leləwxə
Sentence The dog is seen by the man
Proto-Piti *sopa ɬiːroli liːloṕ(æt́)
dog-PASS man-AGEN seeIMPF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako sopa wī́roli lī́lop
Iðâɣ soβe kìɣ lîβuɣi âk îrəre
Lændixu æl‘ soɸal‘ ojh ʎiloɸux‘ jæl æha vjiruha
ancient Figo soba līruli līloč
modern Figo sobar řiruš jer řirušug wẽh
Biwdiw subɛ līluš wīruliw
Gəjlnigo ež huve ləjužuǵ ləj ežd əjro
Cärähə äs subä cän rīruśuhi rüs wīrə
Viwdiwgu suvɛ lulīžuɣi čɛl vīrurɛ
Jeʂtəra līloṕ sopa līroliə
Sentence The woman didn't see the man's house
Proto-Piti *ʔoːnali ɬiːrora soːŋoʂu loliːṕæme ʔaʔiːs(æt́)
woman-AGEN man-GEN house-ABL seePERF-INF1 PAST-NEG(-3ps)
Kī́rtako ʔṓnali wī́rora sṓgošu lolī́ṕiñɑme ʔaʔī́sɑt
Iðâɣ ône î tòr êβíðə soɣə ô îrəre
Lændixu æl‘ ownal‘ he ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ sowgul‘ hæk æha vjiruha
ancient Figo ōnali līruɕu sōnu līločem ēs
modern Figo wonar řiruš řek swõ řirušjid jĩs
Biwdiw hōnɛliw hɛhīsjɛc wīrurɛ sōgušu lulīšiwgɛ
Gəjlnigo ežd ɔne ejjužəjdo əjs ež hɔgo čel ežəre əjrore
Cärähə äs honä rurīśäh wī äs sohə cäs wīrə
Viwdiwgu hő hīzīdu lulīžiwgɛ sōgurɛ vīrurɛ
Jeʂtəra ʔalolīṕət́ ʔōnaliə sōgo līrora ʔīs
Sentence My father was tending the flock
Proto-Piti *oɬtuʂu/joʂu papuli jaŋet́u ʔarimus(æt́)
1psLONG-ABL/1psSHORT-ABL father-AGEN sheep-COLLECT PAST-seeIMPF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako jošu papuli jagetu ʔarimusɑt
Iðâɣ paβu ô òre árimus jaðu
Lændixu æl‘ joral‘ paɸul‘ joh rimusjiθu æl‘ jažɛθul‘
ancient Figo oltuɕi pobuli jonəšu arumiseš
modern Figo ortušur obušur jõž arumišid wẽh
Biwdiw ūdjušu bɛbjuliw hɛriwmjusjɛc čɛgiču
Gəjlnigo ɔddužo bevvo rəjmmuzəjdo ež hegičo
Cärähə äs bäb́ə çərä häcän rüḿusīdə äs çähicə
Viwdiwgu vɛvju çūrɛ riwmjuzīdu čɛɣiču
Jeʂtəra ʔariəməwsət́ papəwliə oltəwra jaget́əw
Sentence I say that the bear ate the sheep
Proto-Piti *ʈæŋeɬoɬ t́uːkeːli jaŋeʂu ʔaχomeːnika
sayIMPF-1ps bear-AGEN sheep-ABL PAST-eatPERF-INF2
*ʈæŋeɬoɬ χiː t́uːkeːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːniɳ(æt́)
sayIMPF-1ps that bear-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eatPERF-SUBJ(-3ps)
Kī́rtako tsɑgewow tū́kḗli jagešu ʔahomḗniñɑme
tsɑgewow hī́ɑt tū́kḗli jage ʔahomḗniñɑt
Iðâɣ sâw hît túɣé tór âmoníðə jaše
Lændixu owf cæžebjiθu hjæt æl‘ tučil‘ ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘
ancient Figo cɛnəhow šūšēli jonəɕu ahomēniga
cɛnəhow šūšēli jon ahomēniga
cɛnəhow hīdu šūšēli jon ahomēnečeš
modern Figo çwiçid wẽv çid fožer jõ çemũňid jẽh
Biwdiw ʈɛgilū cūgēliw çɛgišu hɛxumēniwňiwgɛ
ʈɛgilū xīlu cūgēliw çɛgi hɛxumēniwňɛc
Gəjlnigo cegɔ həju ež cɔgej ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
Cärähə ɕähirü xīr äs sühe xumeńäh äs çähi
Viwdiwgu tsɛɣilū xīlu çūɣi xumīdu çɛɣi
Jeʂtəra ʈəgelol ʔahomēnəme t́ūkēliə jage
ʈəgelol hīlo ʔahomēnoṕət́ t́ūkēliə jage
Sentence I saw the wolf who ate the sheep
Proto-Piti *jaŋeʂu ʔaχomeːniːto kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ
sheep-ABL PAST-eatPERF-PART.AG-PASS wolf-PASS PAST-seePERF-1ps
*χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́) kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ
whichREL-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eatPERF(-3ps) wolf-PASS PAST-seePERF-1ps
*kæŋo χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́) ʔaloliːṕoɬ
wolf-PASS whichREL-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eatPERF(-3ps) PAST-seePERF-1ps
*kæŋo ʔaloliːṕoɬ χiːli jaŋe ʔaχomeːn(æt́)
wolf-PASS PAST-seePERF-1ps whichREL-AGEN sheep-PASS PAST-eatPERF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako jagešu ʔahomḗnī́to kɑgo ʔalolī́pow
hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt kɑgo ʔalolī́pow
kɑgo hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt ʔalolī́pow
kɑgo ʔalolī́pow hī́li jage ʔahomḗniñɑt
Iðâɣ tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ì tór âmoníðə jaše
tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ìðu tór âmoníðə jaše
tòrò êβíðə kaɣə ô šáɣə tór âmoníðə jaše
Lændixu owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ homjeñiθul‘ æl‘ jažɛl‘
owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ hji ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘
owf loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ kægol‘ æl‘ sæxul‘ ojh homjeñiθu æl‘ jažɛl‘
ancient Figo jonəɕu ahomēnīdu kɛnu alolīčow
hīli jon ahomēnečeš kɛnu alolīčow
kɛnu hīli jon ahomēnečeš alolīčow
kɛnu alolīčow hīli jon ahomēnečeš
modern Figo jõ çemũňid jẽh šweduɣur kwẽ řirušjid jẽv
kwẽ šweduɣur jõ çemũňid jẽh řirušjid jẽv
Biwdiw hɛlulīšū çɛgišu hɛxumēnīdu gjɛgu
hɛlulīšū gjɛgu xīliw çɛgi hɛxumēniwňɛc
Gəjlnigo ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ša ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ež šago ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
ɔddo ejjužəjdo ež gego ež hego ehejmunəjdo ež heǵ
Cärähə rurīsü äs ǵähə xumenīdə äs çähi
rurīsü äs ǵähə xīhə xumeńäh äs çähi
rurīsü äs ǵähə äs sähə xumeńäh äs çähi
Viwdiwgu ūdju lulīžīdu gjɛgu xī xumīdu čɛɣi
ūdju lulīžīdu gjɛgu xīgu xumīdu čɛɣi
Jeʂtəra ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnīto jage
ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnət́ hī jage
ʔalolīṕol kəgo ʔahomēnət́ hīlo jage
ʔalolīṕol kəgo hīlo ʔahomēnət́ ət́lo jage
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