South Vityng: Difference between revisions
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(New page: <pre> Vityng (born of winter) (northwestern dialect) dominant ---- {| ALPHABET a á æ ǽ b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v ƿ ƕ y ý þ ø ǿ ---- Vowels int. m...) |
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| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
Vowels | Vowels | ||
a æ | |||
a | á e | ||
á | æ ɛjɪ | ||
æ | ei ɑɪ | ||
e ɛ | |||
e ɛ | é i | ||
é | i ɪ | ||
i ɪ | í ɑɪ | ||
í | o ɔ | ||
o | ó u | ||
ó | u ʊ | ||
u ʊ | ú æʊ | ||
ú | y ə | ||
y | ý ju | ||
ý | ø ɛwɪ | ||
ø | øy ɔɪ | ||
øy | |||
---- | ---- | ||
b b | |||
b b | d d | ||
d d | ð θ | ||
f f | |||
g ɣ | |||
h h | |||
h h | j j | ||
j j | k k | ||
k | l l | ||
m m | |||
n n | |||
p p | |||
p | r r | ||
r | s s | ||
s s | t t | ||
t | v v | ||
v v | þ θ | ||
þ θ | |||
UMLAUT | UMLAUT | ||
| Line 128: | Line 64: | ||
ý ý ý ǿ | ý ý ý ǿ | ||
æ æ e a | æ æ e a | ||
ø ø y ø | |||
ø ø y | |||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 136: | Line 70: | ||
PRONOUNS | PRONOUNS | ||
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th | 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th | ||
nom. akk | nom. akk þá þætt -o -eo | ||
vitt þitt þeir | vitt þitt þeir | ||
varr þarr | varr þarr þøy | ||
accu. mikk þikk þætt | accu. mikk þikk þætt | ||
okkur ykkur þeir | okkur ykkur þeir | ||
óss yður | óss yður þøy | ||
dat. mérr þérr því | dat. mérr þérr því | ||
okkorað ykkorað | okkorað ykkorað þeim | ||
øyssi yðorað þeim | |||
gen. minn þinn þess | gen. minn þinn þess | ||
okka økka þára | okka økka þára | ||
| Line 155: | Line 89: | ||
3rd refers to subject, 4th to object, 5th to other | 3rd refers to subject, 4th to object, 5th to other | ||
akk | akk = personal/formal | ||
"vitt" is often exclusive | "vitt" is often exclusive | ||
while "varr" is often inclusive | while "varr" is often inclusive | ||
2nd&3rd dual plural = honorary | 2nd&3rd dual plural = honorary | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 178: | Line 103: | ||
indef. def. | indef. def. | ||
sng. plr. sng. plr. | sng. plr. sng. plr. | ||
nom. | nom. ein høstur ein hæstar hystrinn hestærnir | ||
acc. | acc. ein hest ein hest hystinn hæstna | ||
dat. | dat. ein hysti ein høstum hystennað til hæstna | ||
gen. | gen. ein hests ein hæsta hystinns hæstanna | ||
D 2 | D 2 | ||
| Line 187: | Line 112: | ||
indef. def. | indef. def. | ||
sng. plr. sng. plr. | sng. plr. sng. plr. | ||
nom. | nom. eitt skogg eitt skøggir skogget skøggnir | ||
acc. | acc. eitt skogg eitt skaggan skøggni skaggna | ||
dat. | dat. eitt skoggen eitt skoggum til skoggni til skaggna | ||
gen. | gen. eitt skoggs eitt skaggar skoggets skaggarna | ||
D 3 | D 3 | ||
| Line 196: | Line 121: | ||
indef. def. | indef. def. | ||
sng. plr. sng. plr. | sng. plr. sng. plr. | ||
nom. | nom. ei skappa ei skæppi skappei skæppinir | ||
acc. | acc. ei skapp ei skæppi skappa skappna | ||
dat. | dat. ei skappen ei skøppum til skappa til skappna | ||
gen. | gen. ei skøppu ei skappar skøppoa skapparna | ||
D 4 | D 4 | ||
| Line 205: | Line 130: | ||
indef. def. | indef. def. | ||
sng. plr. sng. plr. | sng. plr. sng. plr. | ||
nom. | nom. eið sperri eið sperrir spærreð sperrirnir | ||
acc. | acc. eið spærr eið sparran sperrni sparrna | ||
dat. éði spærr éði sparran sperrnjað til sparrna | dat. éði spærr éði sparran sperrnjað til sparrna | ||
gen. | gen. eið spærra eið sparra spærræða sparrens | ||
D 5 | D 5 | ||
| Line 223: | Line 148: | ||
indef. def. | indef. def. | ||
sng. plr. sng. plr. | sng. plr. sng. plr. | ||
nom. | nom. ein hammar ein hæmri hammar hæmri | ||
acc. | acc. ein hammar ein hæmri hammar hæmri | ||
dat. | dat. ein hammren ein hømmrum hammren hømmrum | ||
gen. | gen. ein hammars ein hæmris hammars hæmris | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 242: | Line 167: | ||
æpla - apple, fruit d3 [epl] | æpla - apple, fruit d3 [epl] | ||
æska - ash d3 [esk] | æska - ash d3 [esk] | ||
eik - oak tree d2 | |||
bald - prince d3 | bald - prince d3 | ||
barð - poet (1st rank) d3 | barð - poet (1st rank) d3 | ||
barn - child/offsrping d3 | barn - child/offsrping d3 | ||
bein - bone d2 | |||
belg - bag d3 | belg - bag d3 | ||
braust - breast d3 | |||
bjarg - hill/fortress d3 | bjarg - hill/fortress d3 | ||
bjørru - hole/small homested d3 [bjarr] | bjørru - hole/small homested d3 [bjarr] | ||
| Line 262: | Line 187: | ||
bræðirr - brother (formal)d2 | bræðirr - brother (formal)d2 | ||
brøggja - bridge d3 [brygg] | brøggja - bridge d3 [brygg] | ||
brøyð - bread d2 | |||
bykkjona - female of any non-human species d3 [bykkjun] | bykkjona - female of any non-human species d3 [bykkjun] | ||
bøkk - book d2 | bøkk - book d2 | ||
| Line 270: | Line 195: | ||
dall - dale/valley d2 | dall - dale/valley d2 | ||
dattra - daughter d3 | dattra - daughter d3 | ||
deit - death d2 | |||
dóstur - dust d1 | dóstur - dust d1 | ||
dverg - dwarf d3 | dverg - dwarf d3 | ||
| Line 278: | Line 203: | ||
dragna - blackthorn d3 (borrow from irish lang) | dragna - blackthorn d3 (borrow from irish lang) | ||
drækki - dragon d4 [drakk] | drækki - dragon d4 [drakk] | ||
drøymur - dream d1 [drám] | |||
aurð - world d3 | |||
faðirr - father (formal)d2 | |||
fjeld - field d2 | fjeld - field d2 | ||
fjøður - feather d1 [fjeð] | fjøður - feather d1 [fjeð] | ||
fleisk - flesh d3 | |||
flikka - large piece of meat d3 | flikka - large piece of meat d3 | ||
fløtur - plain d1 | fløtur - plain d1 | ||
| Line 293: | Line 218: | ||
fyskur - fish d1 | fyskur - fish d1 | ||
føtt - foot d2 | føtt - foot d2 | ||
føytur - fat d1 | |||
gafel - pitch fork d2 | gafel - pitch fork d2 | ||
galæggð - law d3 | galæggð - law d3 | ||
| Line 299: | Line 224: | ||
gata - gate d3 street d2 | gata - gate d3 street d2 | ||
gærn - yarn d3 | gærn - yarn d3 | ||
geir - spear d2 | |||
gofa - steam d3 [guf] | gofa - steam d3 [guf] | ||
gold - gold d3 | gold - gold d3 | ||
grassa - grass d3 | grassa - grass d3 | ||
gúð - god d2 | gúð - god d2 | ||
gøysur - goose d1 | |||
hafn - haven d3 | hafn - haven d3 | ||
hattja - hag, witch d3 | hattja - hag, witch d3 | ||
| Line 313: | Line 238: | ||
har - hair d3 | har - hair d3 | ||
harr - army/host d2 | harr - army/host d2 | ||
heiður - honor d1 | |||
hey - hay d5 | hey - hay d5 | ||
hérna - here | hérna - here | ||
| Line 321: | Line 246: | ||
horn - horn d3 | horn - horn d3 | ||
hlagg - laugh d2 | hlagg - laugh d2 | ||
hleiff - loaf d2 | |||
hlyss - sound d2 | hlyss - sound d2 | ||
hløkkur - armour d1 [hlekk] | hløkkur - armour d1 [hlekk] | ||
| Line 344: | Line 269: | ||
hørr - Honorary title d2 | hørr - Honorary title d2 | ||
høstur - horse d1 [hest] | høstur - horse d1 [hest] | ||
høyfuð - head d2 | |||
høykur - hawk d1 | |||
høyst - harvest d3 | |||
jarl - noble man d3 | jarl - noble man d3 | ||
jærða - dirt/soil d3 [jørð] | jærða - dirt/soil d3 [jørð] | ||
kæggi - cask/keg d4 [kagg] | kæggi - cask/keg d4 [kagg] | ||
kley - brick d5 | |||
hné - knee d5 | |||
komma - block (of wood) d3 | komma - block (of wood) d3 | ||
korn - grain d3 wheat d5 | korn - grain d3 wheat d5 | ||
| Line 375: | Line 300: | ||
løn - lane d2 | løn - lane d2 | ||
lønd - estate d2 | lønd - estate d2 | ||
løyf - leaf (either book or tree) d2 | |||
maðkur - maggot d1 | maðkur - maggot d1 | ||
moðra - mother d3 | moðra - mother d3 | ||
| Line 393: | Line 318: | ||
óðal - home d2 | óðal - home d2 | ||
óður - poetry d1 | óður - poetry d1 | ||
rann - house d2 | rann - house d2 | ||
ræft - log d3 | ræft - log d3 | ||
reipur - rope d1 | |||
regn - rain d3 | regn - rain d3 | ||
røfnur - raven/bird d1 [rafn] | røfnur - raven/bird d1 [rafn] | ||
| Line 408: | Line 332: | ||
skalla - skull d3 | skalla - skull d3 | ||
skappa - body (lifeless) d3 | skappa - body (lifeless) d3 | ||
skeið - sheath d2 | |||
skegg - beard d2 | skegg - beard d2 | ||
skera - shire d3 [skir] | skera - shire d3 [skir] | ||
| Line 436: | Line 360: | ||
spjók - ghost d2 | spjók - ghost d2 | ||
staða - location/place d3 | staða - location/place d3 | ||
stein - stone d2 | |||
stekka - stick d3 [stikk] | stekka - stick d3 [stikk] | ||
stjærna - star d3 [stjern] | stjærna - star d3 [stjern] | ||
| Line 471: | Line 395: | ||
vinber - grape d2 | vinber - grape d2 | ||
vrótla - root d3 [vrútle] | vrótla - root d3 [vrútle] | ||
vøgur - way d1 [ | vøgur - way d1 [veg] | ||
vøggur - wall d1 [vagg] | vøggur - wall d1 [vagg] | ||
vøtur - winter d1 [ | vøtur - winter d1 [vet] | ||
þatta - that d3 | þatta - that d3 | ||
þessa - this d3 [þiss] | þessa - this d3 [þiss] | ||
| Line 492: | Line 416: | ||
øskur - ash tree d1 [ask] | øskur - ash tree d1 [ask] | ||
øy - island (mid ocean) d5 | øy - island (mid ocean) d5 | ||
eiga - eye d3 | |||
eira - ear d3 | |||
øystur - east d1 | |||
øytur - poison d1 [át] | |||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 577: | Line 501: | ||
haldan - to hold c1 t | haldan - to hold c1 t | ||
halsoln - to kiss passionately c1 | halsoln - to kiss passionately c1 | ||
heiman - to dwell c1 t | |||
hløypn - to run c1 t | |||
hongan - to hunger c1 t | hongan - to hunger c1 t | ||
kallan - to call c1 t/ð | kallan - to call c1 t/ð | ||
| Line 590: | Line 514: | ||
lákkan - to dance c1 t | lákkan - to dance c1 t | ||
læggjan - to lay c1 ð | læggjan - to lay c1 ð | ||
leiðjan - to lead c1 t | |||
leggjan - to rest horizontally c1 ð | leggjan - to rest horizontally c1 ð | ||
lúfn - to love intimately c1 t/ð | lúfn - to love intimately c1 t/ð | ||
| Line 602: | Line 526: | ||
rásn - to raise c1 t | rásn - to raise c1 t | ||
rysú - to rise c2 | rysú - to rise c2 | ||
røyfn - to rob c1 | |||
sækkvan - to sink c1 t | sækkvan - to sink c1 t | ||
sætjan - to set/sit c1 t | sætjan - to set/sit c1 t | ||
| Line 618: | Line 542: | ||
targan - to defend t | targan - to defend t | ||
tællan - to remember c1 t/ð | tællan - to remember c1 t/ð | ||
teign - to tie c1 t/ð | |||
treistan - to trust c1 t | |||
tryggú - to believe c2 | tryggú - to believe c2 | ||
valdan - to rule c1 t | valdan - to rule c1 t | ||
| Line 642: | Line 566: | ||
PRESENT TENSE | PRESENT TENSE | ||
1st 2nd 3rd | 1st 2nd 3rd | ||
sng. | sng. am art ar | ||
du/plr ørum ørð ør | du/plr ørum ørð ør | ||
PAST TENSE | PAST TENSE | ||
1st 2nd 3rd | 1st 2nd 3rd | ||
sng. var | sng. var var var | ||
du/plr | du/plr vør vør vør | ||
IMPERATIVE | IMPERATIVE | ||
| Line 670: | Line 594: | ||
aðal - noble | aðal - noble | ||
annarr - other | annarr - other | ||
ei - ever | |||
eiva - forever | |||
ændir - last | ændir - last | ||
berh - bright | berh - bright | ||
blakk - dark | blakk - dark | ||
bøysa - bad/evil | |||
efn - even | efn - even | ||
endir - end | endir - end | ||
| Line 689: | Line 613: | ||
har - venerable/respectable | har - venerable/respectable | ||
hefig - heavy | hefig - heavy | ||
heilge - holy | |||
høyr - high | |||
lang - long | lang - long | ||
lask - weak | lask - weak | ||
| Line 730: | Line 654: | ||
COMMON WORDS | COMMON WORDS | ||
yes - | yes - jei | ||
no - | no - nei | ||
hello - | hello - heil | ||
goodbye - for oftra | goodbye - for oftra | ||
thank you - þakka/þakka þikk | thank you - þakka/þakka þikk | ||
| Line 785: | Line 709: | ||
-lykur - see "-yskur" | -lykur - see "-yskur" | ||
-lyngur - diminuative bældlyngur = princeling | -lyngur - diminuative bældlyngur = princeling | ||
- | -løys - lacking þekklǿss = thoughtless | ||
ó- - indicates opposite ǿviss = not wise (stupid) | ó- - indicates opposite ǿviss = not wise (stupid) | ||
-ness - city on a beach svanness = swanness | -ness - city on a beach svanness = swanness | ||
| Line 811: | Line 735: | ||
WEIGHT | WEIGHT | ||
singel - 2 g or .07 ounces d5 | singel - 2 g or .07 ounces d5 | ||
half | half stein - 4.5 kg or 10 lbs (2250 singilir) d5 | ||
stein - 9 kg or 20 lbs (4300 singilir or 2 half sténnir) d5 | |||
tviføldur - 18 kg or 39.5 lbs (8900 singilir or 4 half sténnir or 2 sténnir) | tviføldur - 18 kg or 39.5 lbs (8900 singilir or 4 half sténnir or 2 sténnir) | ||
ti sténnir og | ti sténnir og ein half stein og féra hóndræðs femmté søyfn og skor singilir. | ||
ti stiniː ɔɣ ɑɪn hɑlf stɑɪn ɔɣ firæ hundrɛjɪθs fɛmti sɔɪbən ɔɣ skɔː sɪŋgɪliː | |||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 842: | Line 764: | ||
#2 midvøtur (midwinter) january 19 | #2 midvøtur (midwinter) january 19 | ||
#3 stirtlimonæð (barren month) february 16 | #3 stirtlimonæð (barren month) february 16 | ||
#4 | #4 einmonæð (one month) March 16 | ||
#5 femmt (fifth) April 13 | #5 femmt (fifth) April 13 | ||
#6 eggtid (eggtide) May 11 | #6 eggtid (eggtide) May 11 | ||
| Line 848: | Line 770: | ||
#8 heymonæð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year) | #8 heymonæð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year) | ||
#9 tviføld (twofold) August 3 | #9 tviføld (twofold) August 3 | ||
#10 | #10 høystmonæð (harvest month) August 31 (29 every 12 years) | ||
#11 nyvøtur (new winter) September 28 | #11 nyvøtur (new winter) September 28 | ||
#12 frormonæð (frostmonth) October 26 (29 every 12 years) | #12 frormonæð (frostmonth) October 26 (29 every 12 years) | ||
| Line 863: | Line 785: | ||
hlúd - grey | hlúd - grey | ||
hvytur - white | hvytur - white | ||
røyður - red | |||
svørtur - black | svørtur - black | ||
sylf - silver | sylf - silver | ||
| Line 872: | Line 794: | ||
All numbers are 5th declension | All numbers are 5th declension | ||
CARDINAL | CARDINAL | ||
ein - one | |||
tveir - two | |||
þrir - three | þrir - three | ||
féra - four | féra - four | ||
femm - five | femm - five | ||
sess - six | sess - six | ||
søyfn - seven | |||
átta - eight | átta - eight | ||
ni - nine | ni - nine | ||
| Line 888: | Line 810: | ||
ninten - nineteen | ninten - nineteen | ||
tverté/skor - twenty | tverté/skor - twenty | ||
femmté/ti og | femmté/ti og tveir skors - fifty | ||
ni og | ni og tveir skors - 49 | ||
hóndræð - hundred | hóndræð - hundred | ||
femm hóndræðs sess og skor - 526 | femm hóndræðs sess og skor - 526 | ||
| Line 901: | Line 823: | ||
femmt - fifth | femmt - fifth | ||
sesst - sixth | sesst - sixth | ||
søyfnt - seventh | |||
áttand - eighth | áttand - eighth | ||
njand - ninth | njand - ninth | ||
| Line 918: | Line 840: | ||
IVO(S) - imperative | IVO(S) - imperative | ||
Akk | Akk heima i eitt nørðlik skogg. | ||
i dwell in a northern forest. | i dwell in a northern forest. | ||
þætt kall þikk Bjørn. | þætt kall þikk Bjørn. | ||
| Line 961: | Line 883: | ||
Alfrik - elf power m. | Alfrik - elf power m. | ||
Annarr - second child m./f. | Annarr - second child m./f. | ||
eirik - "Eric" m. | |||
Bjørn - bear m. | Bjørn - bear m. | ||
Bjærna - bearess f. | Bjærna - bearess f. | ||
| Line 969: | Line 891: | ||
Olfarr - related to Ólf m. | Olfarr - related to Ólf m. | ||
Ólf - wolf m. | Ólf - wolf m. | ||
Starkstein - strong stone m. | |||
Trestei - trusted one f. | |||
Vrekkør - wrecker m. | Vrekkør - wrecker m. | ||
Øydis - island godess f. | Øydis - island godess f. | ||
| Line 1,012: | Line 934: | ||
hystinn, þætt ar góð. - the horse is good. | hystinn, þætt ar góð. - the horse is good. | ||
həstɪn θɛjɪt æː ɣuθ | |||
kóna, þætt slæpp. - the woman is sleeping. | kóna, þætt slæpp. - the woman is sleeping. | ||
kunæ θɛjɪt slɛjɪp | |||
kóna, þætt | kóna, þætt leikk. - the woman is dancing. | ||
kunæ θɛjɪt lɑɪk | |||
kónei, þætt stryku bjørna. - the woman is petting the bear. | |||
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt stɹəku bʲɛwɪːnæ | |||
kónei, þætt sja bjørna. - the woman sees the bear. | |||
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt ʃæ bʲɛwɪnæ | |||
kónei, þætt gef bykkni til mænninn. - the woman is giving the book to the man. | |||
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt ɣɛg bəkni tɛɪ mɛjɪnɪn | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Revision as of 00:30, 23 October 2007
Vityng (born of winter) (northwestern dialect) dominant
----
{| ALPHABET
a á æ ǽ b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v ƿ ƕ y ý þ ø ǿ
----
Vowels
a æ
á e
æ ɛjɪ
ei ɑɪ
e ɛ
é i
i ɪ
í ɑɪ
o ɔ
ó u
u ʊ
ú æʊ
y ə
ý ju
ø ɛwɪ
øy ɔɪ
----
b b
d d
ð θ
f f
g ɣ
h h
j j
k k
l l
m m
n n
p p
r r
s s
t t
v v
þ θ
UMLAUT
Diphthongs are not affected by umlaut
RADICAL U I A
a ø æ a
á ǿ ǽ á
e ø i/y æ
é ǿ í/ý ǽ
i y i e
í ý í é
o o ø o
ó ó ǿ ó
u u y o
ú ú ý ó
y y y ø
ý ý ý ǿ
æ æ e a
ø ø y ø
----
PRONOUNS
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
nom. akk þá þætt -o -eo
vitt þitt þeir
varr þarr þøy
accu. mikk þikk þætt
okkur ykkur þeir
óss yður þøy
dat. mérr þérr því
okkorað ykkorað þeim
øyssi yðorað þeim
gen. minn þinn þess
okka økka þára
óssa øða þára
reflex. ask þesk sikk
vitsk þetsk sekka
varsk þersk sikks
3rd refers to subject, 4th to object, 5th to other
akk = personal/formal
"vitt" is often exclusive
while "varr" is often inclusive
2nd&3rd dual plural = honorary
----
NOUNS
D 1
"horse" - hest
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ein høstur ein hæstar hystrinn hestærnir
acc. ein hest ein hest hystinn hæstna
dat. ein hysti ein høstum hystennað til hæstna
gen. ein hests ein hæsta hystinns hæstanna
D 2
"forest" - skogg
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. eitt skogg eitt skøggir skogget skøggnir
acc. eitt skogg eitt skaggan skøggni skaggna
dat. eitt skoggen eitt skoggum til skoggni til skaggna
gen. eitt skoggs eitt skaggar skoggets skaggarna
D 3
"corpse" - skapp
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ei skappa ei skæppi skappei skæppinir
acc. ei skapp ei skæppi skappa skappna
dat. ei skappen ei skøppum til skappa til skappna
gen. ei skøppu ei skappar skøppoa skapparna
D 4
"rafter" - spærr
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. eið sperri eið sperrir spærreð sperrirnir
acc. eið spærr eið sparran sperrni sparrna
dat. éði spærr éði sparran sperrnjað til sparrna
gen. eið spærra eið sparra spærræða sparrens
D 5
"island" - øy
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. øy øyjar hinn øy hnir øyjar
acc. øy øyjar hinn øy hna øyjar
dat. að øy að øyjar hennað øy til hna øy
gen. øys øyja hinn øys hna øyjar
D 6
"hammer" - hammar
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ein hammar ein hæmri hammar hæmri
acc. ein hammar ein hæmri hammar hæmri
dat. ein hammren ein hømmrum hammren hømmrum
gen. ein hammars ein hæmris hammars hæmris
----
NOUN/PRONOUN LIST
alf - elf d3
ama - grandmother d3
arm - arm d3
arn - eagle d3
æðm - lung air d3
æfi - grand father (informal) d4 [af]
æffi - age d4
æg - egg d2
æpi - father (informal) d4 [ap]
æpla - apple, fruit d3 [epl]
æska - ash d3 [esk]
eik - oak tree d2
bald - prince d3
barð - poet (1st rank) d3
barn - child/offsrping d3
bein - bone d2
belg - bag d3
braust - breast d3
bjarg - hill/fortress d3
bjørru - hole/small homested d3 [bjarr]
bjørn - bear d3
blað - lead/leaf shaped object d2
blóm - flower d2
bløð - blood d2
borkur - bark d1
botn - ground d3
bóndur - farmer d1
brand - short sword/club d3
brædi - brother (informal) d4 [brad]
bræðirr - brother (formal)d2
brøggja - bridge d3 [brygg]
brøyð - bread d2
bykkjona - female of any non-human species d3 [bykkjun]
bøkk - book d2
bølgur - belly/gut/stomach d1
bøllu - bellows d3
dagg - day d2
dall - dale/valley d2
dattra - daughter d3
deit - death d2
dóstur - dust d1
dverg - dwarf d3
dyr - animal d2
dvørru - delving/underground tunnels d3 [dverr]
dør - door d2
dragna - blackthorn d3 (borrow from irish lang)
drækki - dragon d4 [drakk]
drøymur - dream d1 [drám]
aurð - world d3
faðirr - father (formal)d2
fjeld - field d2
fjøður - feather d1 [fjeð]
fleisk - flesh d3
flikka - large piece of meat d3
fløtur - plain d1
folkur - person d1
fryður - peace d1 [frið]
fror - frost d2
fyngur - finger d1 [fing]
fyrn - last year d3
fyskur - fish d1
føtt - foot d2
føytur - fat d1
gafel - pitch fork d2
galæggð - law d3
gand - magic d3
gata - gate d3 street d2
gærn - yarn d3
geir - spear d2
gofa - steam d3 [guf]
gold - gold d3
grassa - grass d3
gúð - god d2
gøysur - goose d1
hafn - haven d3
hattja - hag, witch d3
hagja - hedge d3
haldændi - possession (holding) d4 [haldand]
halsa - neck d3
hammar - war hammer d6
har - hair d3
harr - army/host d2
heiður - honor d1
hey - hay d5
hérna - here
himinn - heaven d2
hirn - brain d3
hjærta - heart d3
horn - horn d3
hlagg - laugh d2
hleiff - loaf d2
hlyss - sound d2
hløkkur - armour d1 [hlekk]
hnekka - peninsula d3 [hnikk]
hoddur - covering/protection d1 [hudd]
holta - fortified homestead d3
hundur - hound/dog d1
húss - house d2
hroffa - scab d3
hróff - roost d2
hróss - horse d2
hrótt - roof d2
hryggur - backside, tail, arse d1 [hrigg]
hreggja - back d3
hryngur - ring d1
hvyrl - crown d3
hvølur - whale d1 [hval]
høkk - bang/bump d2
høll - hall d2
hømmur - work hammer d1 [hamm]
hønd - hand d3
hørr - Honorary title d2
høstur - horse d1 [hest]
høyfuð - head d2
høykur - hawk d1
høyst - harvest d3
jarl - noble man d3
jærða - dirt/soil d3 [jørð]
kæggi - cask/keg d4 [kagg]
kley - brick d5
hné - knee d5
komma - block (of wood) d3
korn - grain d3 wheat d5
kóna - woman d3
kónung - king d2
krafa - personal strength d3
kroða - cabbage d3
kvó - cow d3
kvøld - evening d2
køssa - kiss d3 [kyss]
køttur - cat d1 [katt]
land - country d2
langt - length d3
laskt - weakness d3
læk - lake d2
leðja - filth d3
lefa - life d3 [lif]
lim - lime, mortar d2
loft - night sky d3
lús - louse d2
lyfurn - liver d3
løggur - leg d1
løn - lane d2
lønd - estate d2
løyf - leaf (either book or tree) d2
maðkur - maggot d1
moðra - mother d3
móga - monster d3 (borrow from irish lang)
munnur - mouth d1
múss - mouse d2
møður - man/human d1 [mann]
nægla - nail d3 [negl]
nest - provision d2
nu - now
ny - new
nyttur - night d1 [nitt]
nøkkur - horse demon d1
nøss - nose d2
orð - word d3
ormur - snake, dragon d1
óðal - home d2
óður - poetry d1
rann - house d2
ræft - log d3
reipur - rope d1
regn - rain d3
røfnur - raven/bird d1 [rafn]
sæði - d4 [sað]
sær - sea d2
sebba - blood relative d3 [sibb]
sekk - sack/bag d2
seyða - sheep d3
singel - pebble d2
skald - poet (second rank) d3
skalla - skull d3
skappa - body (lifeless) d3
skeið - sheath d2
skegg - beard d2
skera - shire d3 [skir]
skerg - island (off shore) d3
skestaða - sky d3
sketa - manure d3 [skit]
ski - cloud d4
skill - skill, art d2
skinn - skin, hide d2
skjøld - shield d2
skogg - forest d2
somar - summer d6
skøkkur - shank (leg of meat) d1 [skakk]
skøkull - chain d2
skømm - dishonour d2
skøpur - body (alive) d1 [skap]
skørru - shore d3 [skerr]
slanga - worm d3
slata - dirty or illbred woman d3
sól - sun d2
spann - shingle d2
spaða - shovel d3 sword d2
sperri - rafter d4 [spærr]
sperrymúss - bat d2
spjar - short spear d2
spjør - pole d2
spjók - ghost d2
staða - location/place d3
stein - stone d2
stekka - stick d3 [stikk]
stjærna - star d3 [stjern]
stjorr - bull d2
støður - city d1 [stað]
søstra - sister d3 [systre]
svørður - long sword d1 [svarð]
svønur - swan d1 [svan]
sønur - son d1 [sen]
sørkur - shirt d1
sørve - necklace d3
tafla - table d3
tar - tear d2
tid - tide d2
tjara - tar d3
tonga - tongue, language d3 [tung]
træ - tree d5
tun - palisade d2
tyd - time d2
tymmur - timber d1 [timm]
tønn - tooth d2
vald - small forest d3
varar - oath d6
vatn - water d3
vængur - wing d1
vena - wine d3 [vin]
venna - struggle d3 [vinn]
vyður - wood d1 [við]
vif - female blood relation d2
vikk - coastal city d2
vykkjur - witch d1 [vikk]
vin - field d5
vin - friend d2
vinber - grape d2
vrótla - root d3 [vrútle]
vøgur - way d1 [veg]
vøggur - wall d1 [vagg]
vøtur - winter d1 [vet]
þatta - that d3
þessa - this d3 [þiss]
þérna - there
þing - thing d2
þmæli - small animal d4 [þmal]
þjorr - castrated bull d2
þmørr - butter d2
þmyður - smith d1 [þmið]
þmyrr - oil d2
þnægi - hook d4 [þnag]
þnorra - sister-in-law d3
þnøkur - snake d1 [þnak]
þróta - throat d3
þvælta - fever d3 [þvelt]
øl - beer d2
øln - all d2
øskur - ash tree d1 [ask]
øy - island (mid ocean) d5
eiga - eye d3
eira - ear d3
øystur - east d1
øytur - poison d1 [át]
----
VERBS
CLASS 1
segjan "to say"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segja segjar seg
du/plr segjum segið segja
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segð segður segður
du/plr segðum segð segð
"t" can replace "ð" anytime
vowels do not mutate in class 1 verbs
CLASS 2
þykkú "to think"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þikk þikkert þykkú
du/plr þikke þykkú þikki
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þakk þakkert þøkkú
du/plr þakke þøkkú þækki
class 2 vowels
pres. past.
a ó
á ú
e o
é jo
i a
í ai/ay
o e
ó ei/ey
u æ
ú ai/ay
y ø
ý øy
æ ǿ
ǽ ý
ø o
ǿ oy
----
VERB LIST
æggjan - to goad c1 ð
bakan - to bake c1 t
bjargan - to shelter/to bury c1 t
bløðú - to bleed c2
brynnú - to burn c2
dængjan - to hammer c1 t
deyjan - to die c1 t/ð
drefn - to drive c1 ð
drekkan - to drink c1 t
égynnú - to own c2
farn - to go c1 t/ð
att fæðm - to fathom (irregular)
frosú - to freeze c2
fyllú - to fill c2
fynnú - to find c2
flan - to skin c1 t/ð
gabban - to mock c1 t
gan - to go/come c1 t/ð
gasn - to gaze/look/gape c1 t
gefn - to give c1 t/ð
gældan - to castrate c1 t
gengan - to walk c1 t
gætan - to get/obtain t
grætan - to pardon/forgive c1 t
hafn - to have c1 t/ð
haldan - to hold c1 t
halsoln - to kiss passionately c1
heiman - to dwell c1 t
hløypn - to run c1 t
hongan - to hunger c1 t
kallan - to call c1 t/ð
kastan - to throw c1 t
knøvu - to kneel c2 [kne]
kogan - to oppress c1 ð
kopénan - to keep c1 t
krafjan - to demand by right c1 t/ð
kyssú - to kiss c2
lákan - to exercise/play c1 t
lákkan - to dance c1 t
læggjan - to lay c1 ð
leiðjan - to lead c1 t
leggjan - to rest horizontally c1 ð
lúfn - to love intimately c1 t/ð
lyðú - to praise/to sing c2
lygú - to speak falsely c2
mornan - to mourn c1 t
mornú - to pine c2
opn - to weep c1 t
uttú - to expel c2
pryttú - to trick c2
rásn - to raise c1 t
rysú - to rise c2
røyfn - to rob c1
sækkvan - to sink c1 t
sætjan - to set/sit c1 t
segjan - to say c1 t/ð
sengvan - to sing c1 t
seikjan - to search c1 t
sjan - to see c1 t/ð
skapn - to shape/make c1 t
skømmú - to dishonour c2
slæppan - to sleep c1 t
strekvan - to stroke c1 t
svemman - to move in the water c1 t
takan - to take c1 t
taln - to tell c1 t/ð
targan - to defend t
tællan - to remember c1 t/ð
teign - to tie c1 t/ð
treistan - to trust c1 t
tryggú - to believe c2
valdan - to rule c1 t
valkan - to drag c1 t
vandran - to travel/to wander c1 t/ð
veskjan - to ask c1 t
vrækkjan - to wreck c1 t
þakkan - to thank c1 t
þækjan - to cover c1 t
þmyrvú - to smear c2
þólan - to endure/to love plutonically c1 t/ð
þykkú - to think c2
þrútnan - to swell c1 t/ð
ønnú - to work d2
øpennan - to open c1 t
øskjan - to want c1 t
----
COPOLAs
varan "to be"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. am art ar
du/plr ørum ørð ør
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. var var var
du/plr vør vør vør
IMPERATIVE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. vera verst ver
du/plr vørum virið vera
----
ADJECTIVES
ungur "young"
nom. ung
acc. ung
dat. unge
gen. ungs
----
ADJECTIVE/ADVERB LIST
aðal - noble
annarr - other
ei - ever
eiva - forever
ændir - last
berh - bright
blakk - dark
bøysa - bad/evil
efn - even
endir - end
ftt - fat
fegjar - fair
fjara - few
frið - free
full - full
før - before
gnogg - enough
góð - good
half - half
har - venerable/respectable
hefig - heavy
heilge - holy
høyr - high
lang - long
lask - weak
prett - pretty
hlægglik - funny
hlóð - famous
matt - mighty
mest - most
méri - more
mikkil - great/many/large
myrklik - murky
myrk - dark
nørðlik - northern
oftra - after/later
óð - insane/mad
skala - bald
skamm - short
skæla - balance
slat - common
slør - slow/blunt/stupid
spekka - small
stark - strong
stor - big
stirtli - barren sterile
sum - some
trést - loyal/faithful
tvark - strange
ung - young
við - wide
viss - wise
þekk - thick
þrukk - through/thorough
þunn - thin/narrow
yfir - over
yndir - under
øll - all
----
COMMON WORDS
yes - jei
no - nei
hello - heil
goodbye - for oftra
thank you - þakka/þakka þikk
----
QUESTION WORDS (not declined)
hvem - who
hvað - what (is that?)/ that
hvatt - what (do you want?)
hvar - where
hvarn - where from
hvætyd - when
hvi - why
hvilyk - which
hvatøg - how
----
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
hérna - here
gjønd - that there (yonder)
þatta - that
þessa - this
þérna - there
----
PREPOSTION LIST
af/-sk - of
an - on+accu./onto+dat.
ekka - without
for - for
fram - from
i - in+accu./into+dat.
jaf - if
og - and
ney - not (almost entirely replaced with -na)
sva - so
þæn - then
þja - instrumental marker "with" "used"
ut - out+accu./out of+dat.
úr - made by/done by
----
AFFIXES
al- - the whole of something ølhúss = all houses
-føldur - multiplicative suffix þrerføldur = threefold/thrice
ga- - collective many together gaspjók(nir) = (all)many ghosts
-ga - see "-yskur"
-lykur - see "-yskur"
-lyngur - diminuative bældlyngur = princeling
-løys - lacking þekklǿss = thoughtless
ó- - indicates opposite ǿviss = not wise (stupid)
-ness - city on a beach svanness = swanness
-sk - reflexive suffixe tælsk = tell yourself/oneself (remember)
-skøpur - state of being gofaskøpur = to be steam (angry)
-sømur - added to a number to make a group of that number fæmmsømur = fivesome
-vyrður - worthy lyðvyrður (praiseworthy)
-vik - city by the sea længvik = longwick
-vørður - toward nittvørður = near to night
-yngur - "born of" þikkyngur = born of thought (idea/man of science)
-yskur - approximative vissyskur = smart (almost wise)
-ør - agentive gifør = giver
----
CURRENCY
half penyngur (1 g of silver)
penyngur - penny (2 g of silver) 2 haypennies
skilyngur - shilling (12 g of silver) 6 pence
hvyrl - crown (60 g silver) 5 shillings
femmt - fifth (900 g of silver) 15 crowns
----
WEIGHT
singel - 2 g or .07 ounces d5
half stein - 4.5 kg or 10 lbs (2250 singilir) d5
stein - 9 kg or 20 lbs (4300 singilir or 2 half sténnir) d5
tviføldur - 18 kg or 39.5 lbs (8900 singilir or 4 half sténnir or 2 sténnir)
ti sténnir og ein half stein og féra hóndræðs femmté søyfn og skor singilir.
ti stiniː ɔɣ ɑɪn hɑlf stɑɪn ɔɣ firæ hundrɛjɪθs fɛmti sɔɪbən ɔɣ skɔː sɪŋgɪliː
----
MEASURE
fyngur - 6 cm or 2.25 inches d5
hønd - 11 cm or 7.5 inches (1.8 fengar) d5
skeplangt - 8 m or 8.8 yrd (1333 fengar or 727 hændi) d5
geng - 4.8 km or 3 miles (800,000 fengar or 436,363 hændi or 600 skeplængti) d5
----
TIME
speka - 4 min
tjand - 2 hrs 24 min or 1/10 of a day (36 spiki)
dagg - 24 hrs or 1 day (10 tjandjar)
monæð - 28 days (280 tjandjar or 28 dæggir)
gjar - 365 days (3650 tjandjar or 365 dæggir or 13 moneði)
----
MONTHES
#1 nøgjar (new year) december 22
#2 midvøtur (midwinter) january 19
#3 stirtlimonæð (barren month) february 16
#4 einmonæð (one month) March 16
#5 femmt (fifth) April 13
#6 eggtid (eggtide) May 11
#7 sólmonæð (sunmonth) June 8
#8 heymonæð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year)
#9 tviføld (twofold) August 3
#10 høystmonæð (harvest month) August 31 (29 every 12 years)
#11 nyvøtur (new winter) September 28
#12 frormonæð (frostmonth) October 26 (29 every 12 years)
#13 førnøgjar (before new year) november 25
----
COLOURS
bla - dark blue
brúnur - brown
gjólur - yellow
gul - gold
grænn - green
hlúd - grey
hvytur - white
røyður - red
svørtur - black
sylf - silver
----
NUMBERS
All numbers are 5th declension
CARDINAL
ein - one
tveir - two
þrir - three
féra - four
femm - five
sess - six
søyfn - seven
átta - eight
ni - nine
ti - ten
elefn - eleven
tvølf - twelve
þrirten - thirteen
sessten - sixteen
ninten - nineteen
tverté/skor - twenty
femmté/ti og tveir skors - fifty
ni og tveir skors - 49
hóndræð - hundred
femm hóndræðs sess og skor - 526
ORDINAL
fyrstur - first
annarr - second
þrið - third
férand - fourth
femmt - fifth
sesst - sixth
søyfnt - seventh
áttand - eighth
njand - ninth
tjand - tenth
elefnt - eleventh
tvølft - twelfth
----
DISCLAIMER
I am no longer sure if this section is grammatically correct
SENTENCES
SVOI - declarative
OVSI - interogative
IVO(S) - imperative
Akk heima i eitt nørðlik skogg.
i dwell in a northern forest.
þætt kall þikk Bjørn.
he calls you bjorn.
Akk taka gérni fram þérr.
i take the spear from you.
þinginn hvað skap hykkir i nittinn.
the thing what makes bangs in the night. - the thing that goes bump in the night.
þikk finnert ungur Olfarr?
find you young Olf? - did young olf find you?
ung Olfarr fynnú þá.
find young Olf you? - did you find young olf?
gérni taka Akk fram þérr?
take the spear i from you? - did i take the spear from you?
mérr gefar þætt.
to me give it. - give it to me.
TENSES
infinitive - segjan (to say)
present - segja (say/saying)
past - segð (said)
future - skæl segja (will say)
ASPECTS
frequentive - segjol (chatter)
habitual/progressive - segjændi (speak often)
protractive/iterative - segjæng (saying over and over/again and again) often implies that the action was boring
present perfect - haft segð (have said)
future perfect - skæl segð (will have said)
MOOD
cohortative - varr/vitt velja (let us)
conditional - skald (would)
----
NAMES
Aldrik - old power m.
Alfrik - elf power m.
Annarr - second child m./f.
eirik - "Eric" m.
Bjørn - bear m.
Bjærna - bearess f.
Bærny - small child m.
Fyrst - first child m./f.
Karl - man m.
Olfarr - related to Ólf m.
Ólf - wolf m.
Starkstein - strong stone m.
Trestei - trusted one f.
Vrekkør - wrecker m.
Øydis - island godess f.
VIRTUES
1. Gifting is praiseworthy. - gæfændi ar lyðvyrður.
2. Generosity is praiseworthy. - gefæng ar lyðvyrður.
3. Moderation is praiseworthy. - skæla ar lyðvyrður.
4. The maintaining of frith in all circumstances is praiseworthy.
5. Courage is praiseworthy.
6. The seeking of good over ill is praiseworthy.
7. Hospitality is praiseworthy.
8. Courtesy is praiseworthy.
9. Tolerance is praiseworthy.
10. The pursuit of wisdom and knowledge is praiseworthy.
11. The defense of freedom is praiseworthy.
12. Industriousness is praiseworthy.
13. Vigilance is praiseworthy.
14. The protection, nurturing and forbearing of kin is praiseworthy.
15. Showing respect for elders is praiseworthy.
16. Loyalty to friends and kin is praiseworthy.
17. Keeping an oath is praiseworthy.
18. Honoring the sanctity of marriage is praiseworthy.
19. Refraining from mockery is praiseworthy.
2o. Refraining from arrogance is praiseworthy.
21. Making kin, honor and justice more important than gold is praiseworthy.
22. Cleanliness is praiseworthy.
23. The maintaining of one's dignity in all situations is praiseworthy.
24. Good organization is praiseworthy.
25. Persistence is praiseworthy.
26. The rule of law is praiseworthy.
27. To try ones steel against an opponent fairly is praiseworthy.
28. Respect for the dead is praiseworthy.
29. For a man to never strike a woman is praiseworthy.
30. To not abuse one's power is praiseworthy.
akk lófa spekka kruðling minn. - I love my little cabbageling.
ɑxk loʊ.fɐ spɛx.kɐ kɹʊð.liŋ mɪn
til kónyngni eig æm trést. - I am loyal to the king.
tʰɪl kʰoʊ.nʏŋ.ni ɛɪx æm vɹɛst
hystinn, þætt ar góð. - the horse is good.
həstɪn θɛjɪt æː ɣuθ
kóna, þætt slæpp. - the woman is sleeping.
kunæ θɛjɪt slɛjɪp
kóna, þætt leikk. - the woman is dancing.
kunæ θɛjɪt lɑɪk
kónei, þætt stryku bjørna. - the woman is petting the bear.
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt stɹəku bʲɛwɪːnæ
kónei, þætt sja bjørna. - the woman sees the bear.
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt ʃæ bʲɛwɪnæ
kónei, þætt gef bykkni til mænninn. - the woman is giving the book to the man.
kunɑɪ θɛjɪt ɣɛg bəkni tɛɪ mɛjɪnɪn