Mabri: Difference between revisions
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This is the consonantal system of Mabri using symbols from IPA | This is the consonantal system of Mabri using symbols from IPA. | ||
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<td>s z</td> | <td>s z</td> | ||
<td> | <td>x, j</td> | ||
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<td> | <td>y</td> | ||
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<td> | <td>r</td> | ||
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Revision as of 10:29, 4 January 2007
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Writing System
The writing system of mabri is logosyllabic (i. e., it is both logographic and syllabic). Each syllable represents a distinct morpheme and is uniquely written with a grapheme.
Romanization
Sounds
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
This is the consonantal system of Mabri using symbols from IPA.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Labiovelar | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||
| Affricate | tx, dj | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | x, j | h | ||||
| Approximant | w | y | ||||||
| Tap | r | |||||||
| Lat. Approx. | l |
Vowels
Mabri has five phonemic vowels, transcribed as a, e, i, o, and u. In an unstressed position, their phonetic realizations are respectively /ɐ e i o u/. When stressed, at the end of verbs, they are nasalized: /ɐ̃ ẽ ĩ õ ũ/. When stressed, elsewhere, they are pronounced as follows: /a ɛ e i ɔ u/.
| Transcription | Stressed (non-V) | Unstressed | Stressed (V) |
| a | a | ɐ | ɐ̃ |
| e | ɛ | e | ẽ |
| i | i | i | ĩ |
| o | ɔ | o | õ |
| u | u | u | ũ |
Phonotactics
The syllable structure in Mabri is (C)(C)V. Syllables have phonemically no coda, although a written "n" appears at the end of verbs. This final "n" indicates that the previous vowel is nasal and is not always pronounced. An epenthetic [m], [n], [ɱ] or [ŋ] will appear, however, if the next word begins with b/p, d/t/z/s/dj/ch/j/sh, v/f and g/k, respectively.
Examples:
Kaze chin ha. /'kaze tʃĩ ha/
Mu men taze. /'kaze mẽn 'taze/
Mya kon frugyo. /mja kõɱ 'fɾugjo/
Fa gran bla. /fa gɾɐ̃m bla/
Ladjo yan kachi. /'ladʒo jɐ̃ŋ 'katʃi/
Word Stress
Monosyllabic prepositions, such as ga and po, are unstressed. Their pronunciations are therefore /gɐ/ and /po/ (and not /ga/ or /pɔ/).
All the other monosyllabic words are stressed: ka, lo, ban, de (/ka/, /lɔ/, /bɐ̃/, /dɛ/).
Disyllabic verbs are stressed on the last syllable: lachin, kyofan, broton (/lɐ'tʃĩ/, /kjo'fɐ̃/, /bɾo'tõ/).
All the other disyllabic words are stressed on the first syllable: lachi, kyofa, broto (/'latʃi/, /'kjɔfɐ/, /'bɾɔto/).
That includes disyllabic prepositions: pochi, gale, polye (/'pɔtʃi/, /'gale/, /'pɔlje/).
Larger words (hyphenated words) are multiply stressed, each part according to the rules above.
Morphology
Words in Mabri can be roughly divided in 4 main groups: verbs, nouns, adjectives and prepositions.
Verbs
Nouns
Adjectives
Prepositions
Word Formation
Nominalization
from the subject
Examples:
bro, to, mu (friend, male, animal)
bron, ton, mun (is a friend, is male, is an animal)
chabro, chato, chamu (friendship, maleness, animal nature)
from the object
Examples:
ko, ha, je (food, house, clothing)
kon, han, jen (eats, dwells, wears)
chako, chaha, chaje (ingestion, inhabitation, wearing)
lyeko, lyeha, lyeje (eater, dweller, wearer)
from the verb
Examples: me, re, lyu (vision, thinking, similarity)
men, ren, lyun (sees, thinks, is similar)
lyeme, lyere, lyelyu (seer, thinker, something similar)
kime, kire, kilyu* (something seen, idea, something similar)
- kilyu is synonymous to lyelyu
