Pı̇ħ morphology: Difference between revisions
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The numeral system relies on a decimal base. | The numeral system relies on a decimal base. | ||
===Cardinal numerals=== | |||
The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own: | The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own: | ||
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<small>nine of us</small> | <small>nine of us</small> | ||
===Ordinal numerals=== | |||
Ordinal numerals are formed by putting the particle sė after the cardinal numeral form: | Ordinal numerals are formed by putting the particle sė after the cardinal numeral form: | ||
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Revision as of 14:49, 19 May 2025
- Main article: Pı̇ħ
This page gives an extensive description of Pı̇ħ morphological features.
As already mentioned, Pı̇ħ is a morphologically isolating language. Each lexeme does not undergo any morphological mutation. Syntactical roles are thus entirely expressed by syntax and word order. Lexemes can, however, combine in many derivative processes.
Nouns
Nouns in Pı̇ħ usually have a monosyllabic form, or a multisyllabic form, if morphologically derived.
On the morphological level nouns display no number, case or definiteness, exhibiting always the same unaltered form:
hu̇ħ wolf - a wolf - the wolf - wolves - the wolves
A process similar to pluralization, conveying the meaning of an undefined amount bigger than one, can be achieved by placing the pluralizing particle ʔẹ after the noun:
hu̇ħ ʔẹ a lot of wolves
This particle has, however, a very marked use and highlight the meaning of a large quantity of the said entities or items.
Numerals
The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
Cardinal numerals
The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:
| xȯħ | |
| mɛ̣s | |
| caw | |
| ŋuɸ | |
| pın | |
| tɛjħ | |
| qȧt | |
| mạn | |
| sju̇n | |
| ɬajn |
Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction ɬajn + NUM:
| ɬajn xȯħ | |
| ɬajn mɛ̣s | |
| ɬajn caw | |
| ɬajn ŋuɸ | |
| ɬajn pın | |
| ɬajn tɛjħ | |
| ɬajn qȧt | |
| ɬajn mạn | |
| ɬajn sju̇n |
The numeral for (one) hundred is a form on its own:
| kjıp |
The numerals for the multiples of tens and hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + ŋɛ (time(s)) + ɬajn / kjıp:
| mɛ̣s ŋɛ ɬajn | mɛ̣s ŋɛ kjıp | |
| caw ŋɛ ɬajn | caw ŋɛ kjıp | |
| ŋuɸ ŋɛ ɬajn | ŋuɸ ŋɛ kjıp | |
| pın ŋɛ ɬajn | pın ŋɛ kjıp | |
| tɛjħ ŋɛ ɬajn | tɛjħ ŋɛ kjıp | |
| qȧt ŋɛ ɬajn | qȧt ŋɛ kjıp | |
| mạn ŋɛ ɬajn | mạn ŋɛ kjıp | |
| sju̇n ŋɛ ɬajn | sju̇n ŋɛ kjıp |
Numbers above the multiples of hundreds have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
- 985: sju̇n ŋɛ kjıp mạn ŋɛ ɬajn pın
Cardinal numerals usually precede their adjoining noun cluster, as an adjectival form. However, every numeral can be optionally preceded with a noun cluster followed by the partitive postposition ɬjȯ .
tɛjħ qon or qon ɬjȯ tɛjħ six dogs
With semantically uncountable nouns and with pronouns, the partitive postposition is mandatorily used, with the meaning of “X units of Y”:
kɛ̇wm ɬjȯ tɛjħ six pieces/parts/balls/etc. of wool
ŋọ ʔẹ ɬjȯ sju̇n nine of us
Ordinal numerals
Ordinal numerals are formed by putting the particle sė after the cardinal numeral form:
| xȯħ sė | |
| mɛ̣s sė | |
| caw sė | |
| ŋuɸ sė | |
| pın sė | |
| tɛjħ sė | |
| qȧt sė | |
| mạn sė | |
| sju̇n sė | |
| ɬajn sė |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25th: mạn ŋɛ ɬajn pın sė
