Jeʂtəra morphology: Difference between revisions

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*''1985'': liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge
*''1985'': liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge


Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form:
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>  
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || roɕdu
| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || ʂāʔolo
|-
|-
| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center>  || ogidu
| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center>  || ʔakiəlo
|-
|-
| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center>  || migōdu
| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center>  || miəkōlo
|-
|-
| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || nōhdu
| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || gōlelo
|-
|-
| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || čōndu
| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ṕāgelo
|-
|-
| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || θūhadu
| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ðūlalo
|-
|-
| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || hoɕedu
| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || haʂəlo
|-
|-
| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || šudu
| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ḱəwʔelo
|-
|-
| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || cōjudu
| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ʈōjəwlo
|-
|-
| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || fēwdu
| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || fēʔolo
|-
|-
| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ɕōwfēwdu
| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ʂāʔofēʔolo
|-
|-
| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwdu
| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ʔakiəfēʔolo
|-
|-
| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwtujdu
| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ʔatrūlo
|-
|-
| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwtujdu
| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || miəkōfēʔot́əwlo
|-
|-
| <center>''60<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || θūhafēwtunudu
| <center>''60<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || miəkōʔatrūt́əwlo
|}
|}


Revision as of 02:17, 6 April 2025

Main article: Jeʂtəra

This page gives an extensive description of Jeʂtəra morphological features.

Numerals

The numeral system relies on a decimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:

digit
noun form
1:
 ʂāʔo
2:
 ʔakiə
3:
 miəkō
4:
 gōle
5:
 ṕāge
6:
 ðūla
7:
 haʂə
8:
 ḱəwʔe
9:
 ʈōjəw
10:
 fēʔo

Numerals from 11 to 13 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔo:

digit
noun form
11:
 ʂāʔofēʔo
12:
 ʔakiəfēʔo
13:
 miəkōfēʔo

Numerals from 14 to 19 are built with the construction fēʔo + NUM:

digit
noun form
14:
 fēʔogōle
15:
 fēʔoṕāge
16:
 fēʔoðūla
17:
 fēʔohaʂə
18:
 fēʔoḱəwʔe
19:
 fēʔoʈōjəw

The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own, being actually a loanword:

digit
noun form
20:
 ʔatrū

Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔot́əw:

digit
noun form
30:
 miəkōfēʔot́əw
50:
 ṕāgefēʔot́əw
70:
 haʂəfēʔot́əw
90:
 ʈōjəwfēʔot́əw

Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + ʔatrūt́əw:

digit
noun form
46:
 ʔakiəʔatrūt́əw
60:
 miəkōʔatrūt́əw
80:
 gōleʔatrūt́əw

The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:

digit
noun form
100:
 ɳāt́əw
1000:
 liəʔā

The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + ɳāt́əwt́əw / liəʔāt́əw, with some irregularities:

hundreds
thousands
2x:
 ʔakiəɳāt́əwt́əw ʔakiəliəʔāt́əw
3x:
 miəkōɳāt́əwt́əw miəkōliəʔāt́əw
4x:
 gōleɳāt́əwt́əw gōleliəʔāt́əw
5x:
 ṕāgeɳāt́əwt́əw ṕāgeliəʔāt́əw
6x:
 ðūlaɳāt́əwt́əw ðūlaliəʔāt́əw
7x:
 haʂəɳāt́əwt́əw haʂəliəʔāt́əw
8x:
 ḱəwʔeɳāt́əwt́əw ḱəwʔeliəʔāt́əw
9x:
 ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw ʈōjəwliəʔāt́əw

All cardinal numerals up to these forms are meant as invariable.

The numeral for “million” is a loanword. Numbers above the millions have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.

digit
noun form
1,000,000:
 t́ənt

This form is treated as a regularly declinable noun:

digit
noun form
3,000,000:
 miəkō t́əntəno
25,000,000:
 ʔatrū ṕāge t́əntəno

If this numeral is used as a simple count form, it is declined in the passive case. Inside of a structured sentence, it is declined according the case required by its syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition čɛl and are declined in the ablative case. 

ʔakiə t́əntəxəno fūkarano
to two millions people

Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

  • 1985: liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge

Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form:

digit
adjective form
1st:
 ʂāʔolo
2nd:
 ʔakiəlo
3rd:
 miəkōlo
4th:
 gōlelo
5th:
 ṕāgelo
6th:
 ðūlalo
7th:
 haʂəlo
8th:
 ḱəwʔelo
9th:
 ʈōjəwlo
10th:
 fēʔolo
11th:
 ʂāʔofēʔolo
12th:
 ʔakiəfēʔolo
20th:
 ʔatrūlo
30th:
 miəkōfēʔot́əwlo
60th:
 miəkōʔatrūt́əwlo

The ordinal numeral for “millionth” is regularly formed from its corresponding cardinal forms, by adding the epenthetic vowel -ə-, while its multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:

digit
adjective form
1,000,000th:
 t́əntəlo
3,000,000th:
 miəkōt́əntəlo

If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:

  • 25th: ʔatrū ṕāgelo
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