Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions
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| Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| rowspan="2" | ''- | | rowspan="2" | ''-ę'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | ! colspan="2" | Genitive | ||
| Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| ''-aję'' | | ''-aję'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-aję'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Locative | ! colspan="2" | Locative | ||
| ''-aso'' | | ''-aso'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajcho'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | ! colspan="2" | Ablative | ||
| ''-asto'' | | ''-asto'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajsto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| ''-ało'' | | ''-ało'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajło'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
| Line 235: | Line 235: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''jała'' "elm" | ||
! | ! | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| Line 241: | Line 241: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ę''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''adzię''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aję''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aję''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajszo''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''asto''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajsto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ało''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajło''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
This group is caused by loss of | This group is caused by loss of fricatives ''-b-'', ''-d-'', and ''-g-'', between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in ''-a'' usually from Polish, for example ''Karolina'' "Karolina, a female given name", dat. ''Karolinaję'' "to Karolina". | ||
Revision as of 18:44, 20 October 2021
Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -o | -o | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -odzię | ||
| Dative | -oję | -ię | |
| Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
| Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
| Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
| Vocative | -oso | -o | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | koło | koło |
| Accusative | kołę | |
| Genitive | kołodzię | |
| Dative | kołoję | kolę |
| Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
| Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
| Instrumental | kołoło | kolało |
| Vocative | kołoso | koło |
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | apo | awo |
| Accusative | awę | |
| Genitive | apodzię | |
| Dative | apoję | apę |
| Locative | awoso | awiacho |
| Ablative | awosto | awiasto |
| Instrumental | awoło | awiało |
| Vocative | awoso | awo |
Type 1B
Nominals with stems ending in -k and -g (this consonant only exists after consonants).
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -o | -o | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -odzię | ||
| Dative | -oję | -ię | |
| Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
| Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
| Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
| Vocative | -oso | -o | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jałko | jałgo |
| Accusative | jałgię | |
| Genitive | jałkodzię | |
| Dative | jałkoję | jełcę |
| Locative | jałgoso | jełdzacho |
| Ablative | jałgosto | jełdzasto |
| Instrumental | jałgoło | jełdzało |
| Vocative | jałgoso | jałgo |
Type 1C
Nominals ending in -a.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -a | -a | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -adzię | ||
| Dative | -aję | -aję | |
| Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
| Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
| Instrumental | -ało | -ajło | |
| Vocative | -aso | -a | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jała | jała |
| Accusative | ||
| Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
| Dative | jałaję | jałaję |
| Locative | jałaso | jałajszo |
| Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
| Instrumental | jałało | jałajło |
| Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina".
