Historical phonology of Slevan: Difference between revisions

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| ē || unstressed final syllable || i || {{small|CANĒS}} > *kanis > kani<br>{{small|TACĒS}} > *takis > taczi
| ē || unstressed final syllable || i || {{small|CANĒS}} > *kanis > kani<br>{{small|TACĒS}} > *takis > taczi
|-
|-
|rowspan=4| ĕ || stressed open syllable || jě {{IPA|[jæ]}} || {{small|CAELŬ}} > *kjělŭ > czál
|rowspan=3| ĕ || stressed open syllable || jě {{IPA|[jæ]}} || {{small|CAELŬ}} > *kjělŭ > czál
|-
|-
| stressed closed syllable || ě {{IPA|[æ]}} || {{small|TĔRRA}} > *těrra > tjera
| stressed closed syllable || ě {{IPA|[æ]}} || {{small|TĔRRA}} > *těrra > tjera
|-
|-
| unstressed non-final syllable || ě ||rowspan=2| {{small|RĔGĔRĔ}} > *rjěgěrĭ > rezsár<br>{{small|ĂPĔRĪRĔ}} > *opěrjirĭ > opjerír
| unstressed syllable || ĭ  ||rowspan=2| {{small|RĔGĔRĔ}} > *rjěgĭrĭ > rejr<br>{{small|ĂPĔRĪRĔ}} > *opĭrjirĭ > oprír
|-
| unstressed final syllable || ĭ
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ǣ}} || unstressed final syllable || e || {{small|ROSAE}} > *rŭoze > roze
| {{IPA|ǣ}} || unstressed final syllable || e || {{small|ROSAE}} > *rŭoze > roze
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|-
|-
| elsewhere || i || {{small|CĪVĪLĔ}} > *kivjilĭ-jĭ > czivílí
| elsewhere || i || {{small|CĪVĪLĔ}} > *kivjilĭ-jĭ > czivílí
|-
|rowspan=2| ō,ŭ || stressed syllable || ō {{IPA|[o]}} || {{small|DŌNŬ}} > *dōnŭ > dún<br> {{small|PŬTĔŬ}} > *pōtjŭ > púc<br> {{small|ŬTĔRŬ}} > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
|-
| unstressed non-final syllable || ŭ || {{small|SŌLĔMNĔ}} > *sŭlěnnĭ-jĭ > sléní<br> {{small|ĔPĪSTŬLA}} > *ĭpistŭla > pístla
|-
|rowspan=3| stressed open syllable || ŭo || {{small|BŎNŬ}} > *bŭonŭ-jĭ > bóný
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:52, 10 March 2006

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Vulgar Latin sound changes

Latin to Vulgar Latin (Pre-Romance) ? -150 C.E.


Latin Condition Result Example(s)
m word-finally disappears CAELUM > *kaelu > czál
y̆, ȳ everywhere ĭ, ī CYGNUS > *kignus > czenj
ae word-finally ǣ ROSAE > *rosǣ > roze
elsewhere ĕ [ɛ] CAELUM > *kelu > czál
oe ē FOEDUM > *fēdu > véd
au ō CAUSA > *kōsa > kuza
eu jū
ui ū
ĭ,ĕ before another vowel j SPATIUM > *spatju > spóc
LĪNEA > līnja > linja
ŭ before another vowel w VIDUA > *vidwa > vedva
h disappears HODIĒ > odjē > oj
COLAPHUM > *kolapu > klóp
CATHEDRA > *katedra > kotjedra
MĀCHINA > *mākina > máczna
ns s ĪNSULA > *īsula > ízla
nct, mpt nt SANCTUM > *sàntu-eu > sútý

PRŌMPTUM > *prōntu > prútý

nj, cn, gn, mnj ň [ɲ] LĪNEA > *līňa > linja
CYGNUM > *kiňu > czenj
SOMNIUM > *soňu > sonj
mĭn between vowels mn DOMINUM > *domnu > dún
per- word initially par- PERAMBULĀRE > *parambulāre > porúblár
PERDERE > *pàrdere > pradír
PERSŌNA > *parsōna > prasuna
b between vowels v [β] LĂBŌRĀRE > *lavōrare > lóvrár
s between vowels z ĪNSULA > *īzula > ízla
CAUSA > *kōza > kuza
sp, st, sc [sk] word initial ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk SPŌNSA > *ispōza > spuza
STUDIUM > *istudju > stuj
SCHOLA > *iskola > skola
  • It is possible that the Greek y sound was adopted as i by Vulgar Latin from the beginning.
  • Note that h was lost everywhere, also in the Greek aspirates ph, th, ch. It is especially noteworthy that ph became p, not f in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.


Northeast Romance sound changes

Vulgar Latin to Early Northeast Romance 150 - 600 C.E.


V.L. Condition Result Example(s)
ă, ā open stressed, or unstressed final, syllable a MĀRE > *mare > már
RŌMA > *rōma > Ruma
closed stressed, or an unstressed, syllable o [ɔ] CAPRA > *kopra > kopra
PĀGĀNU > *poganŭ > pohán
ĂRĀNEA > *oraňa > oranja
ē, ĭ stressed syllable e TĒLA > *tela > tela
SĬTE > *setĭ > sétj
unstressed non-final syllable ĭ [ɪ]
ē unstressed final syllable i CANĒS > *kanis > kani
TACĒS > *takis > taczi
ĕ stressed open syllable jě [jæ] CAELŬ > *kjělŭ > czál
stressed closed syllable ě [æ] TĔRRA > *těrra > tjera
unstressed syllable ĭ RĔGĔRĔ > *rjěgĭrĭ > rejr
ĂPĔRĪRĔ > *opĭrjirĭ > oprír
ǣ unstressed final syllable e ROSAE > *rŭoze > roze
ī stressed open syllable ji SĪGNŬ > *sjiňŭ > színj
elsewhere i CĪVĪLĔ > *kivjilĭ-jĭ > czivílí
ō,ŭ stressed syllable ō [o] DŌNŬ > *dōnŭ > dún
PŬTĔŬ > *pōtjŭ > púc
ŬTĔRŬ > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
unstressed non-final syllable ŭ SŌLĔMNĔ > *sŭlěnnĭ-jĭ > sléní
ĔPĪSTŬLA > *ĭpistŭla > pístla
stressed open syllable ŭo BŎNŬ > *bŭonŭ-jĭ > bóný
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