Proto-Austronesian Hebrew/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Personal - Suffix: less Arabic, more Ugaritic)
m (gotta go to bed)
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== Nouns ==
== Nouns ==
=== Simple, Concrete, Masc. ===
=== Masculine ===
<code>II</code>-begadqapac
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:small;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;"
|+ Absolute State
|+ Absolute State
|
|
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|-
|-
! Direct
! Direct
| ダバル<br />
| -u
DaBaRu <br />
| -āmi
''def.'' <br />
| -ūma
ハダバル <br />
|-
haDaBaRu
! Genitive
| DaBaRama <br />
| -i
''def.''<br />
| rowspan="2" | -aymi
haDaBaRama
| rowspan="2" | -īma
| DaBaRuma <br />
|-
''def.'' <br />
! Indirect
haDaBaRuma
| -a
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;"
|+ Construct State
|
! Singular || Dual || Plural
|-
! Direct
| -Ø
| -ā
| -ū
|-
|-
! Locative
! Genitive
| ダバロㇷ<br />
| -Ø
DaBaRoh <br />
| rowspan="2" | -ay
''def.'' <br />
| rowspan="2" | -ī
バダバロ(ㇷ)<br />
baDaBaRo(h)
| DaBaRomi <br />
''def.''<br />
baDaBaRomi
| DaBaRoma <br />
''def.'' <br />
baDaBaRoma
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Indirect
| DaBaRa <br />
| -Ø
''def.'' <br />
taDaBaRa
| DaBaRema <br />
''def.'' <br />
taDaBaRema
| DaBaRima <br />
''def.'' <br />
taDaBaRima
|}
|}
<br clear="both" />
=== Feminine ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;"
|+ Absolute State
|
! Singular || Dual || Plural
|-
! Direct
| -atu
| -atōmi
| -ōtu
|-
! Genitive
| -ati
| rowspan="2" | -ataymi
| rowspan="2" | -ōti
|-
! Indirect
| -ata
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;"
|+ Construct State
|
! Singular || Dual || Plural
|-
! Direct
| -at
| -atō
| -atū
|-
! Genitive
| -at
| rowspan="2" | -atay
| rowspan="2" | -atī
|-
! Indirect
| -at
|}
<br clear="both" />


== Pronouns ==
== Pronouns ==
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| #
| #
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| 'anu
| rowspan="2" | 'aku
! rowspan="3" | sing.
! rowspan="2" | sing.
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | A
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| 'ana
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | G
| 'ani
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| 'aneyma
| rowspan="2" | 'ani
! rowspan="2" | dual
! rowspan="2" | dual
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| 'aneymi
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| 'anuma
| 'anīnū
! rowspan="2" | pl.
! rowspan="2" | pl.
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| 'anima
| 'anīnī
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
|+ Second person
|+ Second person
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| #
| #
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| 'āttu
| rowspan="2" | 'āttā
| 'ātti
| rowspan="2" | 'ātti
! rowspan="3" | sing
! rowspan="2" | sing
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| colspan="2" | 'attumā
! rowspan="2" | dual
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| colspan="2" | 'attumay
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | A
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| kāta
| 'attumū
| kāti
| rowspan="2" | 'attinnā
! rowspan="2" | plural
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| kāñi
| 'attumī
| kāño
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
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| #
| #
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
|
| huwa
| hiya
! rowspan="2" | sing.
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| huwati
| hiyati
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| colspan="2" | humā
! rowspan="2" | dual
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| colspan="2" | humay
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| humū
| rowspan="2" | hinnā
! rowspan="2" | plural
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| humī
|}
|}
<br clear="both" />
<br clear="both" />
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=== Relative ===
=== Relative ===
The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the Arabic/Ugaritic pronoun *ðu-.  The progress of the consonant seems to have been *ð > *z > *s in the singular and *ʕ > *g in the plural.
The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the Akkadian/Ugaritic pronoun *ðu-.  The progress of the consonant seems to have been *ð > *z > *s.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| case
| case
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| #
| #
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| ス<br />su
| ス̅<br />sū
| サツ<br />satu
| サ̅ツ<br />sātu
! rowspan="3" | sing.
! rowspan="3" | sing.
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | G
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | G
| シ<br />si
| シ̅<br />sī
| サチ<br />sati
| サ̅チ<br />sāti
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | A
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | I
| サ<br />sa
| サ̅<br />sā
| サタ<br />sata
| サ̅タ<br />sāta
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D
| サワ<br />sawa
| colspan="2" | ス̅ツ̅<br />sūtū
| サゥタ<br />sawta
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"| dual <br /> / <br /> plural
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | dual
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
| サワィ<br />saway
| colspan="2" | ス̅チ̅<br />sūtī
| サゥタィ<br />sawtay
|}
=== Demonstrative ===
==== Near ====
{| class="wikitable"
| case
! M
! F
| #
|-
! -
| hō
| hōt
! sing.
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | N
! -
| グル<br />gulu
| colspan="2" | hōni
| グラツ<br />gulatu
! dual
! rowspan="2"  style="vertical-align:middle;"| plural
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O
! -
| グリ<br />guli
| colspan="2" | 'illey
| グラチ<br />gulati
! plural
|}
|}
==== Far ====
The 3rd person personal pronoun is used as if it were a far-deitic pronoun/adjective.
=== Interrogative and Indefinite ===
Unlike all the other pronouns, these inflect for personal vs. impersonal, not gender
==== Interrogative ====
==== Indefinite ====

Revision as of 21:15, 19 January 2013

Nouns

Masculine

Absolute State
Singular Dual Plural
Direct -u -āmi -ūma
Genitive -i -aymi -īma
Indirect -a
Construct State
Singular Dual Plural
Direct -Ø -ā -ū
Genitive -Ø -ay -ī
Indirect -Ø


Feminine

Absolute State
Singular Dual Plural
Direct -atu -atōmi -ōtu
Genitive -ati -ataymi -ōti
Indirect -ata
Construct State
Singular Dual Plural
Direct -at -atō -atū
Genitive -at -atay -atī
Indirect -at


Pronouns

Personal - Independent

Personal pronouns are often omitted, except in verbless clauses. There are two forms: one can exist independently and the other is a suffix attached to the construct/pronominal-state noun.

First person
case Common #
D 'aku sing.
O
D 'ani dual
O
D 'anīnū pl.
O 'anīnī
Second person
case Masc. Fem. #
D 'āttā 'ātti sing
O
D 'attumā dual
O 'attumay
D 'attumū 'attinnā plural
O 'attumī
Third person
case Masc. Fem. #
D huwa hiya sing.
O huwati hiyati
D humā dual
O humay
D humū hinnā plural
O humī


Personal - Suffix

Sing. Dual Pl.
1c -ī*
-ya
-nī 		-nayā -nū
2m -ka -kumā -kum
2f -ki -kun
3m -ō/-hū -humā -(hu)m
3f -ha/-ah -(hi)n

-ī takes the place of the nominative ending -u

Relative

The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the Akkadian/Ugaritic pronoun *ðu-. The progress of the consonant seems to have been *ð > *z > *s.

case Masc. Fem. #
D ス̅
sū 		サ̅ツ
sātu 		sing.
G シ̅
sī 		サ̅チ
sāti
I サ̅
sā 		サ̅タ
sāta
D ス̅ツ̅
sūtū 		dual
/
plural
O ス̅チ̅
sūtī

Demonstrative

Near

case M F #
- hō hōt sing.
- hōni dual
- 'illey plural

Far

The 3rd person personal pronoun is used as if it were a far-deitic pronoun/adjective.

Interrogative and Indefinite

Unlike all the other pronouns, these inflect for personal vs. impersonal, not gender

Interrogative

Indefinite

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