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| == Tense and Aspect ==
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| '''dono''' = to walk
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| '''donari''' = I walked
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| '''donarli''' = I was walking
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| '''donarwi''' = I used to walk
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| '''donarti''' = I had walked
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| '''donarla''' = I am walking
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| '''donarwa''' = I walk
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| '''donara''' = I have walked
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| Note ... There is no form '''donarta'''. You would expect '''donarta''', but this has been "eroded" down to '''donara''' thru' much use.
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| Note ... The form '''donarwa''' is used if you habitually walk in the past, the present and there is no reason to suppose that you will not do so in the future. It doesn't imply that you are actually walking at the speech-act-time
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| '''donaru''' = I will walk
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| '''donarlu''' = I will be walking
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| '''donarwu''' = I will walk
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| '''donartu''' = I will have walked
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| Note ... The form '''donaru''' is used if the act of walking is just a one off ... for example in answer to the question "how are you going to the supermarket". But suppose that you had just moved house and the question "how will you get to the supermarket" is envisioning many instances of "walking" ... then the proper response would be '''donarwu'''.
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| '''donar''' = I walk
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| Note that in translating "I walk" from English you have a choice of '''donarwa''' or '''donar'''. Generally the "-RWA" form should be used if your possible walking time is interspersed with periods of non-walking. '''donarwa''' could be translated as "sometimes I walk, and sometimes I choose not to walk" or even "I usually walk".
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| Note ... if you say "I walk to church every Sunday" you have a choice of...
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| 1) using '''donarwa''' and dropping the Limbawa equivalent to "every".
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| 2) using '''donar''' and using the Limbawa equivalent to "every".
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| 1) implies that you ONLY go on Sunday
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| 2) leaves open the possibility that you go to church on other days of the week also.
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| The "-R" form is used to present general truths. For example, in says "birds fly", you would use the "-R" form.
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| So we have 12 different forms for tense and aspect.
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| LINGUISTIC JARGON ... tense basically means time and in my system we have past tense "I", present "A" and future "U" tenses.
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| ... aspect in more difficult to explain ... but you can see from the examples, how the different aspects change how the verb relates to the rest of the text/sentence. In Limbawa, three aspects are included in the verb word. These are continuous "L"
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| , habitual "W" and perfect "T".
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| == Person and Number ==
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| '''donari''' = I walked
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| '''doniri''' = You walked
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| '''donori''' = He/She/It walked
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| '''donuri''' = They walked
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| '''doneri''' = You walked (this form is used when talking to more than one person)
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| '''donauri''' = We walked (this form is used when the person spoken to, is not included in the "we")
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| '''donairi''' = We walked (this form is used when the person spoken to, is included in the "we")
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| Note that the last form is used where in English you would use "you" or "one" (if you were a bit posh) ... as in "YOU do it like this", "ONE must do ONE'S best, mustn't one".
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| LINGUISTIC JARGON ... This pronoun is often called the "impersonal pronoun" or the "indefinite pronoun".
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| So we have 7 different forms for person and number.
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| == Evidentiality ==
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| About a quarter of the words languages have, what is called "evidentiality" expressed in the verb. That is you can say (or you must say) on what evidence you are saying what you are saying. In Limbawa there are 3 evidentials which can optionally be added to the verb.
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| '''donori''' = He walked
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| '''donorin''' = They say he walked
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| '''donoria''' = I saw him walk
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| '''donoris''' = I guess he walked
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| The "A" form is only used with the past tense. We can call the the "IA" form.
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| LINGUISTIC JARGON ...These 3 evidential forms would usually be called the "reported", "seen" and "inferred" forms.
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| == Pronouns ==
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| {| border=1
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| |align=center| I
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| |align=center| '''pas'''
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| |align=center| we (includes "you")
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| |align=center| '''yuas'''
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| |align=center| me
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| |align=center| '''pa'''
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| |align=center| us
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| |align=center| '''yua'''
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| |-
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| |align=center|
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| |align=center|
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| |align=center| we
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| |align=center| '''wias'''
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| |align=center|
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| |align=center|
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| |align=center| us
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| |align=center| '''wia'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| you
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| |align=center| '''gis'''
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| |align=center| you (plural)
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| |align=center| '''jes'''
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| |align=center| you
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| |align=center| '''gi'''
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| |align=center| you (plural)
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| |align=center| '''je'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| he, she
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| |align=center| '''nos'''
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| |align=center| they
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| |align=center| '''nus'''
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| |align=center| him, her
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| |align=center| '''no'''
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| |align=center| them
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| |align=center| '''nu'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| it
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| |align=center| '''as'''
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| |align=center| they
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| |align=center| '''as'''
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| |align=center| it
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| |align=center| '''a'''
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| |align=center| them
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| |align=center| '''a'''
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| |}
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| As seen above ... LIMBAWA has 2 cases : the ergative (-S) and the absolutive (- ). For citation, after a preposition or in copula clauses it is always the unmarked case that is used
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| Common prepositions
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| '''da''' ... at '''ne''' ... for
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| '''kaunu''' ... a coat
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| {| border=1
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| |align=center| my coat
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| |align=center| '''kaunapu'''
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| |align=center| our coat ("our" includes "you")
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| |align=center| '''kaunayu'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| our coat ("our excludes "you")
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| |align=center| '''kaunawu'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| your coat
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| |align=center| '''kaunigu'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| your coat (with "you" being plural)
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| |align=center| '''kauneju'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| his/her coat
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| |align=center| '''kaunonu'''
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| |-
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| |align=center| their coat
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| |align=center| '''kaununu'''
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| |}
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| '''na''' before a noun makes a genitive construction and the whole thing can be considered an adjective. For example '''kolo na kaunu''' ... the collar of the coat/the coat's collar.
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| '''ni''' before a noun makes a genitive construction and the whole thing can be considered an adjective. However in this case the meaning is strictly "possession" and the noun must be human. When the noun is a pronoun we get a a special possessive form. For example NI PA'''ni pa''' doesn't occur but we get '''pan'''
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| '''pan''' ... mine
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| '''yuan''' ... ours
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| '''wian''' ... ours
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| '''gin''' ... yours
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| '''jen''' ... yours
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| '''non''' ... his/hers
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| '''don''' ... theirs
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| Use the same pattern for demonstratives ?
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| i.e. '''kaunu de''' ... that coat '''den''' ... that
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| '''dade''' ... there
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| '''dai''' ... here
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