Nother/Drake phonology: Difference between revisions
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| /aː/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|x|V|n|z}} || ''ḳāneze'' || /xaːnèze/ || "three" | | /aː/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|x|V|n|z}} || ''ḳāneze'' || /xaːnèze/ || "three" | ||
|- | |||
| /e/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|D|G|l}} || ''ḍeġele'' || /ðeɣèle/ || "sacrificial animal" | |||
|- | |||
| /i/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|n}} || ''ni'' || /ní/ || "and" | |||
|- | |||
| /iː/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|G|y|n}} || ''ġīno'' || /ɣîːno/ || "wine" | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:07, 12 September 2011
Vowels
Drake has a fairly standard set of vowel positions, /a e i o u/. The vowels /a i u/ may be short or long.
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||||
| High | i iː | u uː | ||||||||
| High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Low | a aː | |||||||||
Any vowel may also have creaky voice applied: /a̰ a̰ː ḛ ḭ ḭː o̰ ṵ ṵː/.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a/ |    |
ṭalā | /θàlaː/ | "into" |
| /aː/ |    |
ḳāneze | /xaːnèze/ | "three" |
| /e/ |   |
ḍeġele | /ðeɣèle/ | "sacrificial animal" |
| /i/ | |
ni | /ní/ | "and" |
| /iː/ |  |
ġīno | /ɣîːno/ | "wine" |
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʂ | ʐ | x | ɣ | h | ||||||
| Affricate | tʂ | dʐ | ||||||||||||||
| Approximants | j | |||||||||||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
It's unclear how /ʃ/ manages to survive on its own (or if it actually does exist as a phoneme), and whether the retroflex series is actually supposed to be retroflex; they might, perhaps, be palatal, but all I'm certain of is that my notes explicitly state them to be at a different POA than /ʃ/. Many (all?) consonants may be geminated.
Accent
Drake has a pitch accent on the penultimate syllable (2R). When the penult is long, it is a circumflex or falling accent; when it is short, it is grave; in monosyllables with an accent the accent is acute.
