Kithran Lexicon

Lexicon

This page contains a categorized lexicon of the Kithran language, including pronouns, numerals, and other core vocabulary. The lexicon reflects primarily Classical Kithran usage, with occasional notes on historical development.

For grammatical structure and usage rules, see Kithran.

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Person	Pronoun	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Instrumental
1st singular	alla	allim	allum	allnun	allnam
2nd singular	sho	shim	shum	shnun	shnam
2nd plural	ersho	ershim	ershum	ershnun	ershnam
1st plural (inclusive)	fanna	fannim	fannum	fannun	fannam
1st plural (exclusive)	finna	finnim	finnum	finnun	finnam
3rd plural	ezho	ezhim	ezhum	ezhnun	ezhnam
3rd singular masculine	ra	rim	rum	ranun	ranam
3rd singular feminine	na	nim	num	nanun	nanam
3rd singular neuter	ta	tim	tum	tanun	tanam

Possessive Pronouns

Person	Possessive Pronoun
1st singular	alle
2nd singular	she
2nd plural	ershe
1st plural (inclusive)	fanne
1st plural (exclusive)	finne
3rd plural	ezhe
3rd singular masculine	re
3rd singular feminine	ne
3rd singular neuter	te

Possession in Kithran is commonly expressed using possessive pronouns. Genitive forms of personal pronouns may also be used to express possession, especially in formal, poetic, or emphatic contexts, corresponding to an "of X" construction.

• alle yaba – my house
• yaba allum – the house of me (formal / poetic)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Meaning	Pronoun
this (singular)	din
that (singular)	dawm
these (plural)	disha
those (plural)	dashum

Negative Pronouns

Meaning	Pronoun
none	nen
nothing	nedo
nobody / no one	nezho
neither	niba

Negative pronouns like niba can be used in combination with verbs or conjunctions to express negation across multiple subjects or objects.

Negative pronouns inherently express negation and do not normally require additional negative particles. Double negation is possible but generally avoided in standard usage.

Numerals

Cardinal Numbers

Number	Kithran
1	ani
2	nayn
3	tha
4	kadra
5	kubra
6	sati
7	seba
8	thama
9	tisha
10	shol
100	shen
1,000	mishen
1,000,000	mighnan

Number Formation

Multiplication is expressed by placing the multiplier before the higher magnitude.

• nayn shol – 20 (2 × 10)
• tha shen – 300 (3 × 100)
• kadra mishen – 4,000 (4 × 1,000)

Addition is expressed by placing the smaller number after the larger one, connected by the conjunction e ("and").

• shol e nayn – 12 (10 + 2)
• shen e kadra shol e kubra – 145 (100 + 40 + 5)
• nayn mishen e shol e thama – 2,018 (2,000 + 10 + 8)

In casual speech, the conjunction e may be omitted.

Syntax of Numbers

When used as modifiers, cardinal numbers precede the noun.

• nayn hadis – two gifts

Zero

Early Kithran lacked a distinct numeral for zero. Absence or null quantity was instead expressed using the word nen ("none").

In Late Classical Kithran, as mathematics became more prominent, the term nil was borrowed from another language and adopted as a numeral meaning "zero".

Ordinal Numbers

Kithran ordinal numbers are primarily formed using distinct ordinal forms. The system remains base-10.

Ordinal	Kithran
1st	ano
2nd	nayno
3rd	tho
4th	kadro
5th	kubro
6th	sato
7th	sebo
8th	thamo
9th	tisho
10th	shio
11th	shano
12th	shnayno

The 11th and 12th ordinals have distinct forms. These originally developed within an earlier timekeeping system and were later generalized in Classical Kithran, similar to the English forms "eleven" and "twelve".

Formation of Higher Ordinals

For compound numbers, only the final numeral is converted into its ordinal form.

• shol sebo – 17th
• nayn shol tho – 23rd

As with cardinal numbers, the conjunction e may be omitted in casual speech.

Temporal Vocabulary

This section lists lexical items used to express time reference and duration in Kithran. These terms are used in conjunction with the Kithran time system.

Units of Time

Meaning	Kithran
hour	gen
day	yawm
month	ikkam
year	tero

Day-Night Division

Meaning	Kithran
daytime (sunrise to sunset)	dan
nighttime (sunset to sunrise)	bun

Clock time is typically expressed using ordinal numbers together with dan or bun. For details on time expression and syntax, see the Time System section of the main Kithran page.

Subdivisions of Time

Meaning	Kithran	Notes
half-hour	satigen	literally "half gen"
quarter-hour	kadrigen	literally "quarter gen"
short moment	simish	vague, non-measured duration

Durations are formed by combining a cardinal number with gen. In written form, these elements are merged.

• kadragen – four hours