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| [[Category:Silvinian]]
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| [[Category:Conlangs]]
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| [[Category:Conlangs by Koyeniru]]
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| {{WIP}}
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| {{Infobox
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| |size=100px
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| |name=Silvinian
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| |native=Nyilvö
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| |script=Latin
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| |pronounce={{IPA|[ɲil.ʋɵ]}}~{{IPA|[ɲil.ʋə]}}
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| |creator=[[User:Koyeniru|Koyeniru]]
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| |date=2025
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| |morph=Agglutinative
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| |ms=Split-S
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| |wo=OVS
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| }}
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| '''Silvinian''' ([[wp:Endonym and Exonym|autoglossonym]]: '''Nyilvö''', <small>Silvinian: {{IPA|[ɲilʋɵ]}}</small>) is a '''[[personal language|personal]]''' conlang. Therefore, this language was made to express her creator's ideas and thoughts as truthfully and accurately as possible, as well as encompassing as few negative ideas as possible, most of them lacking a separate word, instead mostly relying on particles to express those meanings. Furthermore, this language has '''no intention of being fully naturalistic''', even though some naturalist thinking has been done during the conception of this language.
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| Grammatically and morphologically speaking, Silvinian is an '''agglutinative''', mostly suffixing '''OVS''' language, which makes use of '''postpositions''', and lacks '''"true" adjectives''', a function that is fulfilled by nouns. Verbs in this language have a very strict '''valency distinction''', especially for '''ambitransitives''', that may have two or more forms depending on their valency in-context.
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| __TOC__
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| ==Phonology==
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| Silvinian distinguishes between '''16 to 25 consonants''', depending on whether allophones are counted or not, though the standard is to consider that there are '''18 consonants'''. Similarly for vowels, Silvinian can be analysed as having between '''6 and 8 vowels''', where the maximum range ('''8 vowels''') is considered to be the standard analysis.
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 50%;"
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| |-
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| ! rowspan=2; width: 20% |
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| ! rowspan=2; width: 20% | Labial
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| ! colspan=2; width: 20% | Coronal
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| ! colspan=2; width: 20% | Dorsal
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| ! rowspan=2; width: 20% | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! <small>Dental</small>
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| ! <small>Alveolar</small>
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| ! <small>Palatal</small>{{ref label|palatal|1|a}}
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| ! <small>Velar</small>
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| |-
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| ! Nasal
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| | m
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| | colspan=2 | n̪~n
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| | (ɲ)
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| | ŋ
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| |-
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| ! Plosive
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| | p
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| | colspan=2 | t̪~t, d̪~d
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| | (c, ɟ)
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| | k
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| | ʔ
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| |-
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| ! Fricative
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| | ɸ
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| | (θ, ð){{ref label|intervocalic|2|a}}
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| | s, z
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| | (ʃ, ʒ)
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| | x
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| | h
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| |-
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| ! Approximant
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| | ʋ~w
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| | colspan=2 | l̪~l
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| | (ʎ), j
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| |-
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| ! Rhotic
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| | colspan=2 | r̪~r
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| ! background-color=#c0c0c0 |
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| |}
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| :1. {{note label|palatal||a}} Palatal consonants (except {{IPA|/j/}}) are only allophones of coronals (except for {{IPA|[θ]}} and {{IPA|[ð]}}) followed by {{IPA|/j/}}.
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| :2. {{note label|intervocalic||a}} {{IPA|[θ]}} and {{IPA|[ð]}} are allophones of intervocalic {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/d/}}.
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|
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| ====Further notes====
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| * Syllable-final "n" might be dropped, nasalizing the preceding vowel, as in '''''"hatyön"''''', which is pronounced anywhere between '''{{IPA|[ha.ˈcɵn]}}''' and '''{{IPA|[ha.ˈcɵ̃]}}'''.
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| * Nasal consonants assimilate in place of articulation with the following consonants, and precedes nasalization in rule order, like in '''''"ándyas"''''', pronounced '''{{IPA|[æːɲ.ɟas]}}''', and not *'''{{IPA|[æ̃ː.ɟas]}}'''.
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| ** The cluster '''{{IPA|[ɲɟ]}}''' (or any nasal-plosive cluster) can also be pronounced as a pre-nasalised stop like '''{{IPA|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ɟ]}}'''.
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| * Intervocalic non-geminated plosives lenite into fricatives (see [[#Consonant lenition|§Consonant lenition]] for more).
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|
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 25%;"
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| |-
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| ! width: 25% |
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| ! width: 25% | Front
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| ! width: 25% | Central
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| ! width: 25% | Back
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| |-
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| ! High
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| | i, (ɪ){{ref label|shortui|1|a}}
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| !
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| | u, (ʊ){{ref label|shortui|1|b}}
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| |-
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| ! Mid
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| | e
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| | (ə){{ref label|schwa|2|a}}, ɵ
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| | o
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| |-
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| ! Low
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| | (æ){{ref label|ash|3|a}}
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| | a
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| !
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| |}
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| :1. {{note label|shortui||a}} {{note label|shortui||b}} Short {{IPA|[i]}} and {{IPA|[u]}} can be pronounced as {{IPA|[ɪ]}} and {{IPA|[ʊ]}}
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| :2. {{note label|schwa||a}} {{IPA|[ə]}} is considered as an alternate realization of short {{IPA|[ɵ]}}, but is also used to "break" some consonant clusters (see [[#Cluster breaking|§Cluster breaking]] for more).
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| :3. {{note label|ash||a}} {{IPA|[æ]}} is considered as an alternate realization of long {{IPA|[a]}}.
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|
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| ====Vowel length====
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| In Silvinian, every vowel can be long, with '''length''' being written with an '''acute''', or with a double acute in the case of '''"ö"'''.
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| Furthermore, '''vowel length is contrastive''', meaning that the meaning of a word changes whether a vowel is short or long:
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:60%;"
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| |-
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| |+Minimal pairs
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| ! width=10%; rowspan=2 | Vowel
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| ! colspan=3 | Short vowel
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| ! colspan=3 | Long vowel
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| |-
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| ! width=15% | <small>Word</small>
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| ! width=15% | <small>IPA</small>
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| ! width=15% | <small>Meaning</small>
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| ! width=15% | <small>Word</small>
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| ! width=15% | <small>IPA</small>
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| ! width=15% | <small>Meaning</small>
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[a~æ]}}
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| | '''''sar'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[sar]}}'''
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| | (living) fish
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| | '''''sár'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[sæːr]}}'''
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[e]}}
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| | '''''cyern'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[kjern]}}'''
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| | '''''cyérn'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[kjeːrn]}}'''
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[ɪ~i]}}
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| | '''''mit'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[mɪt]}}~{{IPA|[mɪθ]}}'''{{ref label|lenition|1|a}}
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| | '''''mít'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[miːt]}}~{{IPA|[miːθ]}}'''{{ref label|lenition|1|b}}
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[o]}}
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| | '''''ryon'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[rjon]}}~{{IPA|[rjõ]}}'''
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| | '''''ryón'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[rjoːn]}}~{{IPA|[rjõ]}}'''
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[ʊ~u]}}
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| | '''''u'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[ʊ]}}'''
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| | '''''ú'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[uː]}}'''
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| |-
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| ! {{IPA|[ə~ɵ]}}
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| | '''''sönt'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[səⁿt]}}~{{IPA|[sə̃θ]}}{{ref label|lenition|1|c}}'''
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| | '''''sőnt'''''
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| | '''{{IPA|[sɵːⁿt]}}~{{IPA|[sɵ̃ːθ]}}{{ref label|lenition|1|d}}'''
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| |}
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| :1. {{note label|lenition||a}}{{note label|lenition||b}}{{note label|lenition||c}}{{note label|lenition||d}} The second pronunciation for each of those words correspond to the way they are pronounced before vowels.
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|
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| ===Phonological processes===
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| ====Consonant lenition====
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| In most cases, between vowels, '''plosives lenite''' and become fricatives, whether '''within a word''' (internal lenition) or '''across word boundaries''' (external lenition)
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 15%;"
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| |-
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| ! width=50% | Initial
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| ! width=50% | Lenited
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| |-
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| |{{IPA|/p/}}
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| |{{IPA|[ɸ]}}
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| |-
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| |{{IPA|/t/}}
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| |{{IPA|[θ]}}
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| |-
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| |{{IPA|/d/}}
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| |{{IPA|[ð]}}
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| |-
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| |{{IPA|/k/}}
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| |{{IPA|[x]}}
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| |}
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|
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| =====Internal=====
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| Internal lenition can almost never be blocked, unless if adding a '''"dyerá"''' just after the consonant, written as an apostrophe. The "dyerá" acts as an ultrashort schwa, which may or may not be pronounced.
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| Just like vowel length, lenition also creates minimal pairs, such as with '''''"cadá"''''' (pronounced '''{{IPA|[kaðæː]}}''') and '''''"cad'á"''''' (pronounced '''{{IPA|[kad(ə̆)æː]}}'''), although those are very much rarer.
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