Senjecas - pass

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	Q = interrogative particle	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	REV = reversive
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Verb

• 1. To move or be moved from one place to another.
• nűxa, 1. t.v. pass, proceed-, go-, -on. 2. i.v. proceed, pass, go ahead.
• The hostess passed through the room without speaking to us.
• ई-रू॓म्लु म़ु॔स् ओ स॓म़ु स॔न ते॓रोम् स्वौ॔ध ए-नु॓क़॥
• ii-rűűmlu m̃úm o sa̋m̃u sána te̋rom šóóða e-nűxa:

ii=rűűm-l-u	m̃-úm	o	sa̋m̃-u	sána	te̋r-om	šóóða	e=nűx-a
F=extend_hospitality-AG-N.s	1p-G	to	speak-SUP	without	room-A.s	through	PST=pass-IND

• 2. To go past, by, over, or through; to proceed from one side to the other of; to move past.
• műla, 1. t.v. pass (by), overtake. 2. i.v. pass by
• Pass the house on the right, then turn left.
• त॓ल्थो म़ै॓सोम् मु॓ले पो॔सु म़॔स्थिम् सु॓के॥
• ta̋ɫþo m̃e̋e̋som műle. pósu m̃ásþim sűke:

ta̋ɫ=þo-Ø	m̃e̋e̋s-om	műl-e	pósu	m̃ás=þim	sűk-e
on_the_right=LOC-ABS	house-A.s	pass-IMP	then	left=LAT	turn-IMP

• 3. To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.
• ge̋na, 1. t.v. convey, transport, transfer, relay, pass; hand-, -on, -down. 2. i.v. transfer.
• Please pass the butter to your sister.
• तु-स्वेसु॓स् दोगु॓र्होम् गेने॓य॥
• tu-šesűs do gűrhom gene̋ȝa:

tu=šes-űs	do	gűrh-om	gen-e̋ȝa
your=sister-G.s	to	butter-A.s	pass-SBJ

• 4. To depart, to cease, to come to an end.
• de̋usa, 1. t.v. cease, stop, discontinue, terminate, desist-, refrain-, keep-, -from, leave off, drop out of, give up, quit, turn-, shut-, -off. 2. i.v. cease, stop, discontinue, drop out, break [fever].
• If you drink this medicine, the nausea will pass.
• ए॔बि तु इ-य॓क़्त्विम् तौये॓य तोअ॔रि फु॓यो उ-दे॓उस॥
• ébi tu i-ȝa̋xt̬im pooȝe̋ȝa. toári fűȝo u-de̋usa:

ébi	t-u	i=ȝa̋xt̬-im	pooȝ-e̋ȝa	toári	fűȝ-o	u=de̋us-a
if	2s-N	this=medicine-A.s	drink-SBJ	then	nausea-N.s	FUT=stop-IND

• 5. To die.
• ne̋ṡa, i.v. die; die-, fade-, -away
• His grandmother passed quietly yesterday morning.
• ए॔यु-अ॓नु हेसय॓ऽ सआ॔म्भि ए-ने॓स॥
• éȝu-a̋nu hesaȝa̋' sáámvi e-ne̋ṡa:

éȝu=a̋n-u	hes.aȝ-a̋-'	sáám=vi	e=ne̋ṡ-a
his=grandmother-N.s	yester.morning-G.s-ELIS	quiet=ADV	PST=die-IND

• 6. To achieve a successful outcome from.
• m̨űma, 1. t.v. result in, pass [test], come to. 2. i.v. do s.th. right, come about, succeed, manage, turn out to be, work (out).
• He wasn't sure that he could pass the test.
• ए॔यु ए॔युस् स॓पोमऺ म्यु॓मु म॓ग़ु ए-कि॓स ने॥
• éȝu éȝum sa̋pomɛ m̨űmu ma̋ƣu e-kı̋sa ne:

éȝ-u	éȝ-um	sa̋p-om=ɛ	m̨űm-u	ma̋ƣ-u	e=kı̋s-a	ne
3-N.s	3-A.s	test-A.s=EP	pass-SUP	be_able-SUP	PST=be_sure-IND	not

• 7. To progress from one state to another; to advance.
• ba̋ża, 1. t.v. advance, bring-, move-, -forward, further, forward, accelerate; make earlier, hasten. 2. i.v. advance, move forwards.
• Having passed the exam, he passed to the next grade.
• ve̋uðomɛ mym̨űmaþu da̋ganta dı̋ı̋tam do e-ba̋ża:

ve̋uð-om=ɛ	my~m̨űm-a-þ-u	da̋g-a-nta-Ø	dı̋ı̋t-am	do	e= ba̋ż-a
exam-A.s=EP	EL~pass-IND-PP-N.s	follow-IND-AP-ABS	grade-A.s	to	PST=pass-IND

• 8. To spend time.
• Noun of time used as a verb.
• a. a̋ha, day.
• Let's spend the day at the beach.
• m̃ús k̨udős éna ahe̋ȝa:

m̃-ús	k̨ud-ős	éna	ah-e̋ȝa
1p-V	beach-G.s	at	spend_the_day-SBJ

• b. he̋ma, winter.
• The bison herd spent the winter (wintered) in the valley.
• m̃isőntɛta̋do leðős éna e-he̋ma:

m̃isőnt=ɛ=ta̋d-o	leð-ős	éna	e=he̋m-a
bison=EPEN=herd-N.s	valley-G.s	in	PST=winter-IND

• m̃isőnte, wisent, bison (Bison bonasus)

• 9. To happen.
• e̋ba, 1. t.v. light upon, befall, bechance, happen to, become of, behave towards, betide. 2. i.v. befall, happen, bechance, come-, -to pass, -about, -up, fall out, take place, occur, betide, transpire.
• My memory of what passed that day is vague.
• mu-żűűmo—táo a-aha̋s e-e̋ba—nós túȝa ne̋vo vűűa:

mu=żűűm-o	tá-o	a=ah-a̋s	e=e̋b-a	n-ós	túȝa	ne̋v-o	vűű-a
my=memory-N.s	which-N.s	that=day-G.s	PST=happen-IND	that-G.s	concerning	vague-N.s	be-IND

• 10. To obtain the formal sanction of a legislative body.
• þőra, 1. t.v. legislate, pass [a law], enact [into law]. 2. i.v. legislate.
• The city council passed a law against vagrancy.
• rííaul̤ı̋ȝu ɫeðra̋s þóósa þőrom e-þőra:

ríí.aul-l-ı̋ȝ-u	ɫeðr-a̋s	þóósa	þőr-om	e=þőr-a
city.advise-AG-COL-N.s	vagrancy-G.s	against	law-A.s	PST=pass-IND

Noun

• 11. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range.
• kana̋vo, pass, defile, passageway.
• The pass through the jungle needs to be cleared again.
• ka̋a̋nom šóóða kana̋vo náánu f̨űsaþo ı̋lu ı̋ı̋ƣa:

ka̋a̋n-om	šóóða	kana̋v-o	náánu	f̨űs-a-þ-o	ı̋l-u	ı̋ı̋ƣ-a
jungle-A.s	through	pass-N.s	again	clear-IND-PP-N.s	become-SUP	need-IND

• 12. A document granting permission to pass or to go and come.
• he̋no, permit, ticket, pass.
• He asked for a pass to enter the building.
• éȝu de̋mom tı̋ru tááda he̋nom e-ı̋ga:

éȝ-u	de̋m-om	tı̋r-u	tááda	he̋n-om	e=ı̋g-a
3s-N	building-A.s	enter-SUP	in_order_to	pass-A.s	PST=ask_for-IND

Senjecas - poor