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Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	Q = interrogative particle	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	REV = reversive
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Verb

• 1. de̋xa दे॓क़ - obtain, acquire
• The mother got some food from the larder.
• ma̋a̋ma goolte̋rom éha e̋dom e-de̋xa:

ma̋a̋m-a	gool.te̋r-om	éha	e̋d-om	e=de̋x-a
mother-N.s	store.room-A.s	out_of	food-A.s	PST=obtain-IND

• 2. f̨űða फ्यु॓द cause to do
• She got him to do it.
• ii-éȝu éȝom kı̋u ur-éȝum e-f̨űða:

ii=éȝ-u	éȝ-om	kı̋-u	ur=éȝ-um	e=f̨űð-a
F=3-N.s	3-A.s	do-SUP	M=3-A.s	PST=cause-IND

• 3. ı̋la इ॓ल - become
• Don’t get drunk tonight.
• tú sűgu salááþvi ı̋le ze:

t-ú	sűg-u	sa.lááþ=vi	ı̋l-e	ze
2s-V	drunk-V.s	this.night=ADV	become-IMP	not

• 4. ne̋uda (use) ने॓उद - to take or catch (a scheduled transportation service) -
• I always get the morning train.
• mu visténu áiṡixsa̋a̋þom ne̋uda:

m-u	visténu	ái.ṡix.sa̋a̋þ-om	ne̋ud-a
1s-N	always	morning-rail-caravan-A.s	use-IND

• 5. te̋xa ते॓क़ - receive
• You need to get permission to hunt there.
• tu dőram te̋xu ı̋ı̋ƣa—táádi tóru kede̋ȝa:

t-u	dőr-am	te̋x-u	ı̋ı̋ƣ-a	táádi	tóru	ked=e̋ȝa
2s-N	permission-A.s	receive-SUP	need-IND	in_order_that	there	hunt-SBJ

• 6. tőga तोग - fetch
• Please get my coat from the closet.
• tú e̋rgom éha mu-sa̋gom toge̋ȝa:

t-ú	e̋rg-om	éha	mu=sa̋g-om	tog-e̋ȝa
2s.V	closet-A.s	from	my=coat-A.s	fetch-SBJ

• 7. causative aspect - cause to become, bring about
• I'll get this finished by noon.
• mu naaża̋s dúna som þűkaþom u-ilűða:

m-u	naaż-a̋s	dúna	s-om	þűk-a-þ-om	u=f̨űð-a
1s-N	noon-G.s	by	this-A.s	finish-IND-PP-A.s	FUT=become-CAUS-IND

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