English-Limli: N-Y: Difference between revisions

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==Table of Phonemes==
==Table of Phonemes==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
! POA
! MOA
! colspan="3" | <center>labial</center>
! colspan="3" | nasals
|
|
! colspan="2" | dental
! colspan="4" | stops
|
|
! colspan="1" | alveolar
! colspan="2" | fricatives
|
|
! colspan="3" | palatal
! colspan="2" | approximants
|
! colspan="1" | glottal
|
! colspan="3" | nasal
|
|
! colspan="5" | vowels
! colspan="5" | vowels
|-
|-
! IPA
! IPA
|<center> /φ/</center>
| <center>/m/</center>  
| /β/
| /n/
| /w/
| /ŋ/
!
!
| /l/
| /p/
| /t/
| /t/
!
| /s/
!
| /k/
| /k/
| /j/
| /ʔ/
| /ɣ/
!
!
| /ɸ/
| /h/
| /h/
!
!
| /m/
| /w/
| /n/
| /l/
| /ŋ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ä/
| /e/
| /o/
| /o/
| /u/
| /u/
| /i/
|-
|-
! Hangul
! Hangul
| <center>ㅍ
| ㅁ
| ㄴ
| ㅋ <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
!
| ㅂ
| ㅂ
| <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| ㅌ
!
| ㄹ
| ㄷ
!
| ㅅ
!
| ㄱ
| ㄱ
| <sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
| ㄲ <sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
| ㅋ
!
!
| ㅍ <sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
| ㅎ
| ㅎ
!
!
| ㅁ
| <sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
| ㄴ
| ㄹ
| ㄲ/ㅇ
!
!
| 이
| 어
| 아
| 아
| 에
| 오
| 오
| 우
| 우
| 이
|-
|-
! Latin
! Latin
| f
| m
| v
| n
| w
| ŋ
!
!
| l
| p
| t
| t
!
| s
!
| k
| k
| y
| ʻ
| ǵ
!
!
| h  
| f
| h
!
!
| m
| w
| n
| l
| ń
!
!
| i
| e
| a
| a
| e
| o
| o
| u
| u
| i
|-
! Name
| Ma<br>마
| Na<br>나
| Ŋa<br>카
!
| Pa<br>바
| Ta<br>타
| Ka<br>가
| ʻa<br>까
!
| Fa<br>파
| Ha<br>하
!
| Wa<br>와
| La<br>야
!
| i<br>이
| e<br>에
| a<br>아
| o<br>오
| u<br>우
|}
|}


===Notes:===
===Notes===
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The jamo ''Ḳieuk'' <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned the palatal nasal /ŋ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The iotified vowels are used for <y>, ''e.g.'', '''요''', yo.
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The jamo ''Ssanggiyeok'' <ㄲ> /k͈/ is assigned the glottal stop /ʔ/.
 
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The jamo ''Pieup'' <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned the voiceless bilabial fricative /φ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.


==English-Limli Dictionary==
==English-Limli Dictionary==
===N===
===N===
Line 129: Line 137:
*obsidian, '''foyoi'''.
*obsidian, '''foyoi'''.
*occupied, ''adj.'' '''lońiyu'''.
*occupied, ''adj.'' '''lońiyu'''.
*offer, ''vb.'' '''
*old, ''adj.'' '''liyu'''.
*old, ''adj.'' '''liyu'''.
||
||
*one, '''ivi'''.
*one, '''ivi'''.
*or, ''cnj.'' '''ǵiyi'''.
*open, ''vb.'' '''sawi'''.
*or, ''cnj.'' '''vi'''.
*orange''', ''adj.'' '''himtu'''.
*origin, '''ǵolo'''.
*origin, '''ǵolo'''.
|||
*other, ''det.'' '''afiyu'''.
*other, ''det.'' '''afiyu'''.
|||
*ought to, ''vb.'' '''ǵeme'''.
*ought to, ''vb.'' '''ǵeme'''.
*outside, '''kiye'''.
*outside, '''kiye'''.
Line 150: Line 161:
*past, '''ńoli'''.
*past, '''ńoli'''.
*path, '''iwi'''.
*path, '''iwi'''.
*pearl, '''ńeńu'''.
||
||
*pearl, '''ńeńu'''.
*permit, ''vb.'' '''foloi'''.
*permit, ''vb.'' '''foloi'''.
*persevere, ''vb.'' '''fońio'''.
*persevere, ''vb.'' '''fońio'''.
*person, '''fio'''.
*person, '''fio'''.
*pertain''', ''vb.''sifiio'''.
*pertain''', ''vb.''sifiio'''.
|||
*pick, ''vb.'' '''fiyewi'''.
*pick, ''vb.'' '''fiyewi'''.
*place, ''vb.'' '''ǵini'''.  
*place, ''vb.'' '''ǵini'''.  
|||
*plant, ''vb.'' '''fuǵo'''.
*plant, ''vb.'' '''fuǵo'''.
*play, ''vb.'' '''ǵimu'''.
*play, ''vb.'' '''ǵimu'''.
*please, ''vb.'' '''lei'''.
*please, ''vb.'' '''lei'''.
||||
*power, '''ńimi'''.
*power, '''ńimi'''.
*prefer, ''vb.'' '''vutu'''.
*prefer, ''vb.'' '''vutu'''.
*pull, ''vb.'' '''lao'''.
*pull, ''vb.'' '''lao'''.
||||
*purpose, '''lewemi'''.
*purpose, '''lewemi'''.
*push, ''vb.'' '''rimi'''.
*push, ''vb.'' '''rimi'''.
*put, ''vb.'' '''ǵini'''.
|}
|}


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{|
{|
|
|
*quick, ''adj.'' '''fawa'''.
*quick, ''adj.'' '''piwi'''.
|}
|}


Line 181: Line 193:
*raft, '''ńeluyu'''.
*raft, '''ńeluyu'''.
*rafter, '''live'''.
*rafter, '''live'''.
*reach (arrive at), ''vb.'' '''peomo'''.
*real, ''adj.'' '''ńiletu'''.
*real, ''adj.'' '''ńiletu'''.
*receive, ''vb.'' '''fofeyo'''.
*receive, ''vb.'' '''fofeyo'''.
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*respect, ''vb.'' '''sifiio'''.
*respect, ''vb.'' '''sifiio'''.
*right (''correct''), ''adj.'' '''fuli'''.
*right (''correct''), ''adj.'' '''fuli'''.
*right (''direction''), ''adj.'' '''yańi'''.
|||
|||
*right (''direction''), ''adj.'' '''yańi'''.
*ring, '''ńekufu'''.
*rock, '''ǵifo'''.
*rock, '''ǵifo'''.
*room, '''ǵefo'''.
*room, '''ǵefo'''.
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*rope, '''fiowi'''.
*rope, '''fiowi'''.
*rot, ''vb.'' '''ǵiti'''.
*rot, ''vb.'' '''ǵiti'''.
*round, ''adj.'' '''wefili'''.
||||
||||
*round, ''adj.'' '''wefili'''.
*rub, ''vb.'' '''ńuwu'''.
*rub, ''vb.'' '''ńuwu'''.
*rule, '''fowa'''.
*rule, '''fowa'''.
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*same, ''adj.'' '''tufa'''.
*same, ''adj.'' '''tufa'''.
*sand, '''hema'''.
*sand, '''hema'''.
*sap, '''liho kihu'''.
*sap, '''peveo'''.
*say, ''vb.'' '''hita'''.
*say, ''vb.'' '''hita'''.
*scratch, ''vb.'' '''wilo'''.
*scratch, ''vb.'' '''wilo'''.
*see, ''vb.'' '''lufi'''.
*see, ''vb.'' '''tapi'''.
*segment, '''tune'''.
*self, '''suwe'''.
*self, '''suwe'''.
*seven, '''yufo'''.
*seven, '''yufo'''.
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*sharp, ''adj.'' '''leu'''.
*sharp, ''adj.'' '''leu'''.
||
||
*she, ''prn.'' '''vui'''.
*she, ''prn.'' '''oyi-vui'''.
*shelf, '''sifi'''.
*shelf, '''sifi'''.
*shell, '''ǵoǵo'''.
*shell, '''ǵoǵo'''.
Line 237: Line 252:
*sit, ''vb.'' '''ńoso'''.
*sit, ''vb.'' '''ńoso'''.
*six, '''eme'''.
*six, '''eme'''.
*sky, '''tinu'''.
*sky, ''weʻa'''.
*sleep, ''vb.'' '''ńea'''.
*sleep, ''vb.'' '''ńea'''.
*small, ''adj.'' '''tuhu'''.
*small, ''adj.'' '''tuhu'''.
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*strong, ''adj.'' '''ńitevu'''.
*strong, ''adj.'' '''ńitevu'''.
*suck, ''vb.'' '''vovo'''.
*suck, ''vb.'' '''vovo'''.
*sun, '''tihi'''.
*summer, '''ońepa'''.
*sun, '''weʻe'''.
*sup, ''vb.'' '''fumi'''.
*sup, ''vb.'' '''fumi'''.
*swell, ''vb.'' '''heyo'''.
*swell, ''vb.'' '''heyo'''.
*swift, ''adj.'' '''fawa'''.
*swift, ''adj.'' '''piwi'''.
*swim, ''vb.'' '''hio'''.
*swim, ''vb.'' '''hio'''.
|}
|}
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*than, ''cnj.'' '''ila'''.
*than, ''cnj.'' '''ila'''.
*thank, ''vb.'' '''safiu'''.
*thank, ''vb.'' '''safiu'''.
*that, ''det.'' '''awa...ae'''.
*that, ''det.'' '''lama'''; ''prn.'' '''lamate'''.
*that, ''prn.'' '''awa'''.
*thatch, '''life'''.
*thatch, '''life'''.
*the, ''det.'' '''te''' (''sg.''); '''me''' (''pl.'').
||
||
*the, ''det.'' '''ae''' (''sg.''); '''le''' (''pl.'').
*there, ''adv.'' '''wauwa'''.
*there, ''adv.'' '''wauwa'''.
*there is/are, ''vb.'' '''aya'''.
*there is/are, ''vb.'' '''aya'''.
*these, ''det.'' '''ama...le'''; ''prn.'' '''amale'''.
*these, ''det.'' '''fama...me'''; ''prn.'' '''famame'''.
*they, ''prn.'' '''yule'''.
*they, ''prn.'' '''yule'''.
*thick, ''adj.'' '''fewo'''.
*thick, ''adj.'' '''fewo'''.
Line 296: Line 311:
*thing, '''ńai'''.
*thing, '''ńai'''.
*think, ''vb.'' '''muhu'''.
*think, ''vb.'' '''muhu'''.
*this, ''det.'' '''fama'''; ''prn.'' '''famate'''.
|||
|||
*this, ''det.'' '''ama...ae'''; ''prn.'' '''ama'''.
*those, ''det.'' '''lama...me'''; ''prn.'' '''lamame'''.
*those, ''det.'' '''ama...le'''; ''prn.'' '''amale'''.
*three, '''tuwo'''.
*three, '''feto'''.
*throw, ''vb.'' '''hetai'''.
*throw, ''vb.'' '''hetai'''.
*tide, '''fiu'''.
*tide, '''fiu'''.
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*time (''instance''), '''ki'''.
*time (''instance''), '''ki'''.
*to, ''prep.'' (''indir. obj.''), '''a'''.
*to, ''prep.'' (''indir. obj.''), '''a'''.
*today, '''ama tihi ae'''.
||||
||||
*today, '''ama tihi ae'''.
*together, ''adv.'' '''fiyu'''.
*together, ''adv.'' '''fiyu'''.
*tomorrow, '''uatihi'''.
*tomorrow, '''uatihi'''.
Line 328: Line 343:
*village, '''lete'''.
*village, '''lete'''.
*violet, ''adj.'' '''ǵemu'''.
*violet, ''adj.'' '''ǵemu'''.
*visit, ''vb.'' '''fuwu'''.
||
*voice, '''tae'''.
*voice, '''tae'''.
*vomit, ''vb.'' '''woilu'''.
*vomit, ''vb.'' '''woilu'''.
Line 339: Line 356:
*warm, ''adj.'' '''ńayi'''.
*warm, ''adj.'' '''ńayi'''.
*wash, ''vb.'' '''yeweu'''.
*wash, ''vb.'' '''yeweu'''.
*water, '''kihu'''.
*water, 기후  '''kihu'''.
*we, ''prn.'' '''yile'''.
*we, ''prn.'' '''ńeo'''.
*web, '''folo'''.
*web, '''folo'''.
||
||
Line 346: Line 363:
*wet, ''adj.'' '''ǵoto'''.
*wet, ''adj.'' '''ǵoto'''.
*what, ''prn.'' '''iyi'''.
*what, ''prn.'' '''iyi'''.
*when, ''adv.'' '''iyai'''.
*when, ''adv.'' '''ʻehi'''.
*where, ''adv.'' '''yai'''.
*where, ''adv.'' '''yai'''.
*which, ''prn., adj.'' '''ayai'''.
*which, ''prn., adj.'' '''ayai'''.
Line 360: Line 377:
||||
||||
*woman, '''sisu'''.
*woman, '''sisu'''.
*wood, '''wilili'''.
*wood, 위리오  '''wilio'''.
*word, '''hoǵo'''.
*word, '''hoǵo'''.
*world, '''samoi'''.
*world, '''samoi'''.

Latest revision as of 14:50, 8 May 2025

Table of Phonemes

MOA nasals stops fricatives approximants vowels
IPA
/m/
 /n/ /ŋ/ /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ/ /ɸ/ /h/ /w/ /l/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /o/ /u/
Hangul ㅁ ㄴ ㅋ 1 ㅂ ㅌ ㄱ ㄲ 2 ㅍ 3 ㅎ 4 ㄹ 이 어 아 오 우
Latin m n ŋ p t k ʻ f h w l i e a o u
Name Ma
마 		Na
나 		Ŋa
카 		Pa
바 		Ta
타 		Ka
가 		ʻa
까 		Fa
파 		Ha
하 		Wa
와 		La
야 		i
이 		e
에 		a
아 		o
오 		u
우

Notes

  • 1 The jamo Ḳieuk <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned the palatal nasal /ŋ/.
  • 2 The jamo Ssanggiyeok <ㄲ> /k͈/ is assigned the glottal stop /ʔ/.
  • 3 The jamo Pieup <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned the voiceless bilabial fricative /φ/.
  • 4 The compound vowels are used for <w>, e.g., ㅘ, wa.


English-Limli Dictionary

N

  • name, yunei.
  • narrow, adj. yulu.
  • near, adj. lele.
  • need, vb. ńifai.
  • new, adj. seheo.
  • night, wohu.
  • no, det. liwa.
  • noon, fau tihi.
  • north, adj. wilu.
  • not, adv. ta.
  • now, adv. miki.
  • number, yato.

O

  • oblige, vb. ǵeme.
  • obsidian, foyoi.
  • occupied, adj. lońiyu.
  • offer, vb.
  • old, adj. liyu.
  • one, ivi.
  • open, vb. sawi.
  • or, cnj. vi.
  • orange, adj. himtu.
  • origin, ǵolo.
  • other, det. afiyu.
  • ought to, vb. ǵeme.
  • outside, kiye.
  • oven, eońo.
  • owe, vb. hiuha.

P

  • parent, ńifoli.
  • part, ńiyata.
  • party, ǵihumi.
  • past, ńoli.
  • path, iwi.
  • pearl, ńeńu.
  • permit, vb. foloi.
  • persevere, vb. fońio.
  • person, fio.
  • pertain, vb.sifiio.
  • pick, vb. fiyewi.
  • place, vb. ǵini.
  • plant, vb. fuǵo.
  • play, vb. ǵimu.
  • please, vb. lei.
  • power, ńimi.
  • prefer, vb. vutu.
  • pull, vb. lao.
  • purpose, lewemi.
  • push, vb. rimi.
  • put, vb. ǵini.

Q

  • quick, adj. piwi.

R

  • raft, ńeluyu.
  • rafter, live.
  • reach (arrive at), vb. peomo.
  • real, adj. ńiletu.
  • receive, vb. fofeyo.
  • red, adj. sawe.
  • regard, vb. sifiio.
  • relate, vb. hita.
  • remain, vb. yaka.
  • replace, vb. wusu.
  • request, vb. feme.
  • respect, vb. sifiio.
  • right (correct), adj. fuli.
  • right (direction), adj. yańi.
  • ring, ńekufu.
  • rock, ǵifo.
  • room, ǵefo.
  • role, lotimi.
  • rope, fiowi.
  • rot, vb. ǵiti.
  • round, adj. wefili.
  • rub, vb. ńuwu.
  • rule, fowa.
  • run, vb. eńi.

S

  • salt, ńivu.
  • salt water, ńiwiki.
  • same, adj. tufa.
  • sand, hema.
  • sap, peveo.
  • say, vb. hita.
  • scratch, vb. wilo.
  • see, vb. tapi.
  • segment, tune.
  • self, suwe.
  • seven, yufo.
  • sew, vb. fou.
  • sharp, adj. leu.
  • she, prn. oyi-vui.
  • shelf, sifi.
  • shell, ǵoǵo.
  • short, adj. leta.
  • should, vb. ǵeme.
  • sick, adj. ńivilu.
  • side, fiyi.
  • similar, adj. wufa.
  • sin, vb. viti.
  • sing, vb. kiufi.
  • sink, vb. feyo.
  • sister, ufi.
  • sit, vb. ńoso.
  • six, eme.
  • sky, weʻa'.
  • sleep, vb. ńea.
  • small, adj. tuhu.
  • smell, vb. hiti.
  • smoke, oiyu.
  • smooth, adj. tioni.
  • soil, taǵe.
  • solid, adj. fońiwe.
  • some, det. afi.
  • son, fińi.
  • soul, hoyima.
  • sound, ewe.
  • sour, adj. liki.
  • speak, vb. iru.
  • spear, leǵa.
  • spit, vb. foyi.
  • split, vb. ńiyia.
  • squeeze, vb. wińu.
  • stab, vb. ǵeli.
  • stale, adj. ńiso.
  • stand, vb. fu.
  • star, safo.
  • stay, vb. yaka.
  • stick, wilio.
  • stone, ǵifo.
  • straight, adj. ǵeteteu.
  • strong, adj. ńitevu.
  • suck, vb. vovo.
  • summer, ońepa.
  • sun, weʻe.
  • sup, vb. fumi.
  • swell, vb. heyo.
  • swift, adj. piwi.
  • swim, vb. hio.

T

  • taboo, adj. fiǵo.
  • talk, vb. wawe.
  • tall, adj. fau.
  • tell, vb. hita.
  • than, cnj. ila.
  • thank, vb. safiu.
  • that, det. lama; prn. lamate.
  • thatch, life.
  • the, det. te (sg.); me (pl.).
  • there, adv. wauwa.
  • there is/are, vb. aya.
  • these, det. fama...me; prn. famame.
  • they, prn. yule.
  • thick, adj. fewo.
  • thin, adj. ani.
  • thing, ńai.
  • think, vb. muhu.
  • this, det. fama; prn. famate.
  • those, det. lama...me; prn. lamame.
  • three, tuwo.
  • throw, vb. hetai.
  • tide, fiu.
  • tie, vb. milu.
  • time (duration), lua.
  • time (instance), ki.
  • to, prep. (indir. obj.), a.
  • today, ama tihi ae.
  • together, adv. fiyu.
  • tomorrow, uatihi.
  • too, adv. yelu.
  • touch, vb. yehe.
  • true, adj. ńiletu.
  • turn, vb. fiyo.
  • two, fovi.

U

  • usual, adj. vana.

V

  • village, lete.
  • violet, adj. ǵemu.
  • visit, vb. fuwu.
  • voice, tae.
  • vomit, vb. woilu.

W

  • walk, vb. timli.
  • want, vb. yuyu.
  • warm, adj. ńayi.
  • wash, vb. yeweu.
  • water, 기후 kihu.
  • we, prn. ńeo.
  • web, folo.
  • weigh, soi.
  • wet, adj. ǵoto.
  • what, prn. iyi.
  • when, adv. ʻehi.
  • where, adv. yai.
  • which, prn., adj. ayai.
  • white, adj. fai.
  • who, prn. kiu.
  • whole, adj. lifei.
  • why, adv. lońo.
  • wide, adj. yimu.
  • wife, (ńita) sisu.
  • wipe, vb. olou.
  • wish, vb. yuyu.
  • woman, sisu.
  • wood, 위리오 wilio.
  • word, hoǵo.
  • world, samoi.

Y

  • year, filo.
  • yellow, adj. lesiu.
  • yesterday, fawitihi.
  • you, prn. hea (sg.); hele (pl.).
  • young, adj. heǵue.

Note

  • The prepositions are placed in a separate dictionary where they can be better defined.


English-Limli: A-C

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