Ɬiʔa: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(→‎Star: solar system)
m (→‎Morphology: inclusive and 2nd don't mix)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 42: Line 42:
### Time is measured in generations, epochs, weathering of stone, growth cycles of ultra-slow plants
### Time is measured in generations, epochs, weathering of stone, growth cycles of ultra-slow plants


== Conworlding ==
{{See also|Ɬiʔa/Conworlding}}
=== Star ===
Our star is a red-dwarf.
# Type: M5V
## M: This indicates it's a cool, red star with a surface temperature less than 3,500ºK
## 5: Within the M class, stars are further divided into subclasses 0-9, with 0 being the hottest and 9 the coolest. An M5 star is in the middle of this range.
## V: Denotes that it's a main sequence star, also known as a dwarf star
# Stellar luminosity (L*) ≈ 0.01 𝐿⊙
# Stellar mass (M*) ≈ 0.2 𝑀⊙
# Stellar radius (R*) ≈ 0.25 𝑅⊙
# Effective temperature (T*) ≈ 3000 K
​The habitable zone (a) is about square root of L* over L⊙, so ~0.1 AU.


==== Solar System ====
There are seven planets in the system
{| class="wikitable"
! Planet !! Mass (M🜨)!! Radius (R🜨)!! Period (d) !!Resonance !! Semi-Major Axis (AU)!! Rings !! Moons !! Period !! Size
|-
| b || 1.2 || 1.1 || 11.3 || 2:3 with c || 0.074 || No || No || 6 || 13.6'
|-
| c || 1.5 ||1.225 || 17.0 || —         ||0.100 || No || No || 26 || -
|-
| d || 2.0 ||1.4 || 25.5 || 2:3 with c ||0.13 || No || No || 38 || 13.1'
|-
| e || 0.9 || 1.0 || 34.0 || 3:4 with d ||0.17 || No || No || 57 || 4.1'
|-
| f || 3.5 || 2.0 || 45.3 || 3:4 with e ||0.225 || Yes || Junk || 87 || 4.7'
|-
| g || 1.0 || 1.1 || 70.0 || 2:3 with f ||0.40 || Yes || Junk || 206 || 1.1'
|-
| h || 5.0 || 2.3 || 210.0 ||1:3 with g ||1.5 || OMG || OMG || 1500 || 0.5'
|}
; b : b is a Mercury, tidally locked and very hard ~500ºK.  Rocky
=== Planet ===
Orbital period squared = 4 pi-squared times a-cubed over (G times M*).  For us that is 10.3 days.  Assuming tidal locking (as is common for planets at this distance), the rotation period is the same.  If it were an Earth-like planet, we could calculate the global average, using the effective temperature approximation.
* For our planet, assuming an albedo of 0.3 (Earth's), we get 223ºK
* Assuming an albedo of 0.2, we get 263
* For an albedo of 0.1, we get 271
With a modest greenhouse effect, surface temperatures could rise.
# Mass: 1.5M⊕
# Gravity: 1g⊕
# Radius = 1.225⊕, or 7805km
The area of the terminator is hard to predict
# +/-10º Guess: 4.253 E 13 m^2, 4.253E7km^2 (much bigger than Africa)
# +/-30º Guess: 1.28 E8 km^2 (slightly less than the land of the Earth)
The thicker the atmosphere, the thicker the band.
# Escape velocity is 12.4km/s, 11% higher than Earth
# Orbital velocity is 8.79km/s
==== Atmosphere ====
Water content is low becaue
* Water vapor is a potent greenhouse gas; vast surface water can trap too much heat, especially near the substellar point.
* Water leads to climate homogenization
* Lack of exposed silicate rock: Necessary for carbon-silicate weathering feedback, which stabilizes climate on geological timescales.
Earth has ~1.4 billion km³ of water.  In our habitable zone, we have no more than 10% of that, or 100 million km³.
{| class="wikitable"
! Factor !! Ɬiʔa atm !! Ɬiʔa % !! Earth atm !! Earth % !! Notes
|-
! Total Pressure
| 1.6 atm || || 1.0 atm || || Enhanced convective heat transfer, increased IR trapping
|-
! Nitrogen (N₂)
| 1.00 || 62.50% || 0.7808 || 78.08% || Reduced; still inert, still dominant
|-
! Oxygen (O₂)
| 0.21 || 13.13% || 0.2095 || 20.95% || Earth-normal partial pressure
|-
! Argon (Ar)
| 0.40 || 25.00% || 0.0093 || 0.93% || Major heat distribution enhancement, inert
|-
! Krypton + Xenon
| 0.005 || 0.31% || trace || trace || High molecular mass → improved heat retention, still safe
|-
! CO₂
| 0.005 || 0.31% || 0.004 || 0.04% || slighly elevated; sub-greenhouse threshold
|-
! H₂O vapor
| 0.015 || ~1% || || 0-4% || Maintains greenhouse without excess moisture
|}
===== Atmospheric Effects on Clouds =====
# Increased Pressure (1.6 atm) compresses gases, raising the dew point at which water vapor condenses. Cloudsform closer to the surface, and are denser than similar altitudes compared to Earth.
# Low Water Inventory (10% of Earth's): There will be less frequent and less massive cloud systems than on Earth, but still present—especially over "hotspots" on the day side.
# Tidally Locked Climate: Cloud formation concentrate along the substellar point, where warm, moist air rises and cools.
#* A permanent “eyewall” storm system has formed at the subsolar point, like a giant hurricane.
#* As air rises and is advected to the night side, thin cloud bands or ice hazes form as it descends and cools.
Appearance:
* The presence of noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe) and higher pressure enhance Mie scattering, making clouds appear whiter and more silvered, especially at sunrise/sunset boundaries.
* Night side clouds are thin, high-altitude icy sheets, glowing faintly in aurorae or thermal emissions.
===== Sky Color =====
The color of the sky is shaped by Rayleigh scattering, which depends on:
# Molecular composition: Heavier gases like Ar, Kr, and Xe scatter light less efficiently than N₂.
# Spectral output of the star: the red dwarf emits predominantly infrared and red light, with very little blue or violet.
Consequence:
* Even with atmospheric scattering, there is insufficient blue light in the stellar spectrum to produce a blue sky.
* Day sky would likely appear:
** Dark peach, dusky rose, or reddish beige near zenith,
** Grading to deep salmon or mauve near the horizon,
** A slight metallic sheen due to noble gas content and high pressure.
Twilight & Limb Scattering:
* The terminator (twilight zone) sees a diffuse, ruddy light, scattering through haze and clouds into luminous reds, purples, and copper tones.
* Aurorae are spectacular on the night side, especially since stellar flares are frequent.
===== Sound Propagation =====
: ''Sound is profoundly affected by atmospheric pressure and composition.''
Compared to Earth:
* Higher pressure → greater air density → faster transmission of sound and less attenuation.
* Argon and Xenon are heavy gases, which:
** Lower the speed of sound relative to air at the same pressure (despite the pressure increase).
** Shift resonance frequencies downward, resulting in deeper, rounder sounds.
Consequences:
* Voices sound subtly lower-pitched and richer, especially for consonants and low vowels.
* Ambient sounds (wind, water, animals) would carry farther and sound more muffled or sonorous.
* Music or speech would resonate more warmly, especially indoors or in enclosed spaces.
In short: it sounds like it’s wrapped in velvet.
===== Heat Transport to the Night Side =====
Mechanisms:
# Thick Atmosphere (1.6 atm) increases:
#* Advection efficiency: Warm air masses can move more heat horizontally.
#* Radiative time constant: The atmosphere holds heat longer before releasing it.
# Noble Gases (especially Kr/Xe):
#* High molecular mass → more IR opacity → trapping and radiating heat more evenly.
# Slow Rotation / Tidal Locking:
#* Global Hadley-like cells may dominate circulation, carrying warm air from the day side to the night side and descending it there.
Result:
* The night side is not freezing.  Temperatures differ by tens of degrees, not hundreds.
* There are still ice caps and a cold deserts at the anti-stellar point, but not a glaciated wasteland.
==== Magnetosphere ====
* Larger mass --> larger iron core, generating more internal heat
* Larger radius --> Vigorous convection in the core
* Tidal Flexing --> still drives magnetic activity
# Aurorae at lower latitudes
## higher magnetic rigidity, wider magnetotail, and greater reconnection energy.
## Combined with a higher flux of stellar particles, this means:
### Auroral ovals expand, reaching mid-latitudes sometimes equator.
### The skies are alive with rippling green, violet, and crimson aurorae, especially on the night side.
### Daily auroral activity occur during stellar flare cycles.
# Compasses
## compasses respond more sharply, with:
### Faster alignment.
### Greater resistance to local perturbations.
## However, frequent magnetic storms from stellar activity cause sudden declinations, reversals, or local anomalies.  In short, lots of aurorae equals dead compasses at the same time.
# Magnetic Field Strength > 100 μT
# Electromagnetism is more basic than chemistry or almost any other natural philosophy
==== Substellar Point ====
The maximum incoming flux is very nearly the same as Earth's solar constant (≈1361 W/m²), but concentrated over one point rather than averaged over a rotating sphere.  Temperatures should be above 500ºK most of the time. 
The magnetic north is also here, The thick atmosphere prevents too much loss here, but
* Charged particle influx
** Maximized at the substellar point—intense auroral and energetic particle precipitation
* Atmospheric ionization
** Constant production of high-energy ions and NOx compounds—possible UV fluorescence in upper sky
* Localized heating
** Augments already extreme temperatures—600–700 K surface possible
=== Artificially Tethered Moon ===
* 670,000 km up
* 7805 km in radius = same as the planet
* 1.33º of the sky, same as the sun
A network of tethers/tension lines from the moon to multiple anchor points on the planet’s surface (a tripod or hexapod structure), woven like hair
* Uses active tension management and orbital station-keeping to stabilize the moon
* Counterweights and inward-pointing mass drivers on the moon to oppose drift
The tethers are not bearing the full weight, but merely damping drift, providing restoring force, and enabling long-term stability through active compensation.  The moon
* Blocks the worst of the heat
* Blocks the worst of the solar radiation
The moon has
* low mass
* high albedo - enormous reflectivity
* scatters charges particles, UV, X-rays, auroral flux tubes
* sunward - crazy hot, high emissivity
* earthward - crazy cool, low emissivity
== Morphology ==
== Morphology ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 235: Line 51:
! Topical
! Topical
| Frames the referent of the utterance || “As for…”
| Frames the referent of the utterance || “As for…”
! -Mp'a
! -mxa
|-
|-
! Identity
! Identity
Line 244: Line 60:
| ownership, authorship, kinship, part-whole || “X’s Y”
| ownership, authorship, kinship, part-whole || “X’s Y”
! -rkI
! -rkI
|-
! Partitive
| part-to-whole, uncertainty, scalarity || "some of, partially"
! -g(Ö)
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| association, content, theme, objective, attribution || “Y of X”
| association, content, theme, objective, attribution || “Y of X”
! -ł(Ɛ)
! -ł(Ö)
|}
|}


Line 256: Line 76:
! Locative
! Locative
| Place, state, context of being, time-within || “in,” “at,” “on”, "during"
| Place, state, context of being, time-within || “in,” “at,” “on”, "during"
! -f'
! -z
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| Target, direction || “to,” “for,” “until", "as far as"
| Target, direction || “to,” “for,” “until", "as far as"
! -Mk'O
! -n!O
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
Line 272: Line 92:
! Abessive
! Abessive
| Absence, privation, “lacking” || “without,” “lacking,” “free from”, "exclude"
| Absence, privation, “lacking” || “without,” “lacking,” “free from”, "exclude"
! -st'Ɛ
! -st'Ö
|}
|}


Line 294: Line 114:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Noun Classes
|+ Noun Classes
! !! Not "Container" (mass: ?, ??) !! "Container" (count: ?, ??)
! !! Not "Container" (mass: paucal, whole) !! "Container" (count: number)
|-
|-
! Idea + Matter
! Idea + Matter
Line 306: Line 126:
|}
|}


Number: Containers are unmarked for number, as in Chinese/Japanese/Korean.  Non-containers default to a collective/mass-noun number, but can take a partitive (which can mean as few as one).
Number: Containers are unmarked for number, as in Chinese/Japanese/Korean.  Non-containers default to a collective/mass-noun number, but can take a paucal (which can mean as few as one).


Polypersonal pronouns:
Polypersonal pronouns:
{| class="wikitable"
! !! 1x !! 1n !! 2 !! 3P !! 3T !! 3R !! 3D !! 3S !! 3A !! 4
|-
! 1x !! ø !! ø
|      tifq ||  tis ||  tił ||  tiwi || tiþ || tið || tiv || tir
|-
! 1in !! ø !! ø !! ø
|        tqis ||  tqił ||  tqiwi || tqiþ || tqið || tqiv || tqir       
|-
! 2
| fqwöt
! ø
! ø
|                  fqwös || fqwöł || fqwöu || fqwöþ || fqwöð || fqwöv || fqwör
|-
! 3P
| sjet || sjetq || sjefq
! ø
|                  sjeł || sjewi || sjeþ || sjeð || sjev || sjer
|-
! 3T
| łot || łotq || łofq || łos
! ø
|                        łou || łoþ || łoð || łov || łor
|-
! 3R
| ut || utq || ufq || us || uł
! ø
|                          uþ || uð || uv || ur
|-
! 3D
| þwöt || þwötq || þwöfq || þwös || þwöł || þwöu
! ø
|                                þwöð || þwöv || þwör
|-
! 3S
| ðet || ðetq || ðefq || ðes || ðeł || ðewi || ðeþ
! ø
|                                      ðev || ðer
|-
! 3S
| vöt || vötq || vöfq || vös || vöł || vöu || vöþ || vöð
! ø
| vör
|-
! 4
| rut || rutq || rufq || rus || ruł || ruwu || ruþ || ruð || ruv
! ø
|}


== Phonology/Orthography ==
== Phonology/Orthography ==
Line 315: Line 185:
|-
|-
! Nasal
! Nasal
| /m/ '''m''' || /n̼/ '''n''' || /n/ '''n''' || /ŋ/ '''ŋ''' ||
| colspan="3" | /m~n/ '''M''' || (/ɲ/ '''nj''') || /ŋ/ '''M''' ||
|-
|-
! Click
! Click
| (/ᵐʘ/ '''mx''') || || (/ŋǃ/ '''nc''') || ||
| colspan="2" | (/ᵐʘ/ '''mx''') || colspan="3" | (/ŋǃ/ '''y''') ||  
|-
|-
! Voiced Stop
! Voiced Stop
| '''b''' || || '''d''' || '''g''' ||
| '''b''' || || '''d''' || (/dʑ/ '''dj''') || '''g''' ||
|-
|-
! Eject. Stop
! Eject. Stop
| /pʼ/ '''pq''' || || /t’/ '''tq''' || /k’/ '''kq''' || /ʔ/ ''' ' '''
| /pʼ/ '''pq''' || || /t’/ '''tq''' || /c'/ '''cq''' || /k’/ '''kq''' || /ʔ/ ''' ' '''
|-
|-
! Unvoiced Stop
! Unvoiced Stop
| '''p''' || || '''t''' || /k~x/ '''k''' ||
| '''p''' || || '''t''' || (/tɕ/ '''tj''') || /k~x/ '''k''' ||
|-
! Voiced Fricative
| /β~v/ '''v''' || /ð̼/ '''ð''' || '''z''' || (/ʒ/ '''zj''') || ||
|-
|-
! Plain Fricative
! Unvoiced Fricative
| /ɸ~β/ '''f''' || /θ̼~ð̼/ '''þ''' || /s~z/ '''s''' || (/ʒ/ '''ž''') || ||
| /ɸ~f/ '''f''' || /θ̼/ '''þ''' || '''s''' || (/ʃ/ '''sj''') || ||
|-
|-
! Eject. Fricative
! Eject. Fricative
| /fʼ/ '''fq''' || /θ̼ʼ/ '''þq''' || /s’~ts’/ '''sq''' || ||
| /fʼ/ '''fq''' || /θ̼ʼ/ '''þq''' || /s’~ts’/ '''sq''' || || ||
|-
|-
! Approx./Trill
! Approx./Trill
| '''w''' || || '''r''' || '''j''' || /h~ɦ/ '''h'''
| '''w''' || || '''r''' || '''j''' || || /h~ɦ/ '''h'''
|-
|-
! Laterals
! Laterals
| || /l̼/ '''l''' || /ɬ/ '''ł''' || ||
| || /l̼/ '''l''' || /ɬ/ '''ł''' || (/ʎ/ '''lj''') || ||
|}
|}


Line 366: Line 239:
Phonotactics are (C)(G)V(C<sub>2</sub>):
Phonotactics are (C)(G)V(C<sub>2</sub>):
* any consonant or none can a syllable
* any consonant or none can a syllable
* Glides (/j/ or /w/) after anything
* Glides (/j/ or /w/) after anything, if after nothing, insert glottal stop
* hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
* hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
* any coda, except glides
* any coda, except glides


=== Sentences ===
=== Sentences ===
# The storm scared people
# The storm scared the people.
#* k’ɛthu-Mp’a ʔusɛk närgo-f’
#* vökqöthumxa 'usëk venargofq
#* kqëthumxa ’usëk närgofq
#* As for the storm, (there is) fear in the people.
#* As for the storm, (there is) fear in people.

Latest revision as of 16:31, 1 April 2025

Goals

  1. Endgoal - A truly verbless language I can use
  2. Vague phrases
    1. Glacial pace
    2. Navajo-of-nouns
    3. lazy but clever
    4. carved in stone
    5. complicated rituals
  3. Naturalism - 6/10
    • I want some naturalistic elements
    • Different setting (parallel Earth)
    • Different nature (immortal humans)
    • Irregularities but not many
    • Idioms within reason
  4. Complexity - insane. Navajo but with only nouns
  5. Derivation - clear. Agglutinative, basically
  6. Features
    1. Phonology
      1. Vowel harmony
      2. A couple of clicks, and ejectives (un-earth-like)
      3. CV, and CVC
    2. Grammar
      1. No verbs at all
      2. assumed copular between topic and subject
      3. 6 nouns classes (genders), like animacy
      4. Many cases (12?)
      5. Case-stacking
      6. word glue, like German
      7. mostly agglutinative, touch of fusional
    3. Culture
      1. things happen, not because someone does them, but because the world unfolds in prescribed patterns
      2. discourse is formulaic, ceremonial, or sacred: more on set relational expressions and fixed semantic roles, rather than on active description of novel events
      3. agency is less linguistically salient, so predicates assigning blame, initiative, or creativity are avoided
      4. Tidally Locked Planet
        1. The sun never moves in the sky.
        2. The world is divided into zones of permanent day, eternal night, and a narrow habitable twilight ring.
        3. People live in a stable band where temperature and light are forever the same.
      5. Mountain life
        1. Isolated communities → heavy internal consistency, less external pressure to simplify
        2. Thin air → favoring sharp, closed articulation: ejectives, glottalization, voiceless stops
        3. Cultural inwardness → deep philosophies of stasis and permanence
      6. Time is measured in generations, epochs, weathering of stone, growth cycles of ultra-slow plants
See also: Ɬiʔa/Conworlding

Morphology

Case Function Gloss Ending
Existential cases
Topical Frames the referent of the utterance “As for…” -mxa
Identity Category, essence, nominal predicate “is a…” / “equals…” -
Possessive ownership, authorship, kinship, part-whole “X’s Y” -rkI
Partitive part-to-whole, uncertainty, scalarity "some of, partially" -g(Ö)
Genitive association, content, theme, objective, attribution “Y of X” -ł(Ö)
Where/When Cases
Case Function Typical gloss Ending
Locative Place, state, context of being, time-within “in,” “at,” “on”, "during" -z
Dative Target, direction “to,” “for,” “until", "as far as" -n!O
Ablative Source, cause, origin “from,” “because of,” “due to” -bdI
Benefactive Advantage, interest, concern “for the benefit of…”, "at the behest of" -aI
Abessive Absence, privation, “lacking” “without,” “lacking,” “free from”, "exclude" -st'Ö
How Cases
Case Function Typical gloss Ending
Instrumental Means, medium, material “by (means of)”, “through,” “with”, "using" -fla
Adverbial Role/state modifier, part of speech shift “as (a) X,” “in a X way”, "like" -Oad
Translative Change of state, transform/manifestation “becoming,” “into,” “turning into” -k'(I)
Noun Classes
Not "Container" (mass: paucal, whole) "Container" (count: number)
Idea + Matter Animals (also temperaments) Persons / Gods
Matter only (Diffuse) Substances: air, fire Tools , "rocks"
Idea only Actions Abstracts, Categories, Sets

Number: Containers are unmarked for number, as in Chinese/Japanese/Korean. Non-containers default to a collective/mass-noun number, but can take a paucal (which can mean as few as one).

Polypersonal pronouns:

1x 1n 2 3P 3T 3R 3D 3S 3A 4
1x ø ø tifq tis tił tiwi tiþ tið tiv tir
1in ø ø ø tqis tqił tqiwi tqiþ tqið tqiv tqir
2 fqwöt ø ø fqwös fqwöł fqwöu fqwöþ fqwöð fqwöv fqwör
3P sjet sjetq sjefq ø sjeł sjewi sjeþ sjeð sjev sjer
3T łot łotq łofq łos ø łou łoþ łoð łov łor
3R ut utq ufq us uł ø uþ uð uv ur
3D þwöt þwötq þwöfq þwös þwöł þwöu ø þwöð þwöv þwör
3S ðet ðetq ðefq ðes ðeł ðewi ðeþ ø ðev ðer
3S vöt vötq vöfq vös vöł vöu vöþ vöð ø vör
4 rut rutq rufq rus ruł ruwu ruþ ruð ruv ø

Phonology/Orthography

Labial Labiolingual Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m~n/ M (/ɲ/ nj) /ŋ/ M
Click (/ᵐʘ/ mx) (/ŋǃ/ y)
Voiced Stop b d (/dʑ/ dj) g
Eject. Stop /pʼ/ pq /t’/ tq /c'/ cq /k’/ kq /ʔ/ '
Unvoiced Stop p t (/tɕ/ tj) /k~x/ k
Voiced Fricative /β~v/ v /ð̼/ ð z (/ʒ/ zj)
Unvoiced Fricative /ɸ~f/ f /θ̼/ þ s (/ʃ/ sj)
Eject. Fricative /fʼ/ fq /θ̼ʼ/ þq /s’~ts’/ sq
Approx./Trill w r j /h~ɦ/ h
Laterals /l̼/ l /ɬ/ ł (/ʎ/ lj)
Front Back Underspecified
High i u I
High-Mid e o O
Low-Mid /ɛ/ ë /ɔ/ ö Ö
Low /ä/ a


Allophony:

  • nasal + labial ejective -> [m͡ʘ]
  • nasal + non-labial ejective -> [ŋ͡ǃ]

Phonotactics are (C)(G)V(C2):

  • any consonant or none can a syllable
  • Glides (/j/ or /w/) after anything, if after nothing, insert glottal stop
  • hiatus allowed, diphthongs not
  • any coda, except glides

Sentences

  1. The storm scared the people.
    • vökqöthumxa 'usëk venargofq
    • As for the storm, (there is) fear in the people.
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ɬiʔa&oldid=168550"