Proto-Hispanic: Difference between revisions

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Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|  
!rowspan="1"| Labial
!rowspan="1"| Laminodental
!rowspan="1"| Apicoalveolar
!rowspan="1"| Postalveolar
!rowspan="1"| Velar
!rowspan="1"| Glottal
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| *m
|
| *n
|
| *ŋ
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| Stop
! Aspirated
| *pʰ
|
| *tʰ
|
| *kʰ
| *h
|-
! Voiceless
| *p
|
| *t
|
| *k
|
|-
! Voiced
| *b
|
| *d
|
| *g
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| Affricate
! Aspirated
|
| *tʰz
| *tʰs
| *tʰʃ
|
|
|-
! Voiceless
|
| *tz
| *ts
| *tʃ
|
|
|-
! Voiced
|
| *dz
| *ds
| *dʃ
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| Fricative
|
| *z
| *s
| *ʃ
| *x
| *ɦ
|-
!rowspan="2"| Lateral
! Fricative
|
|
| *ɬ
|
|
|
|-
! Aproximant
|
|
| *l
|
| *ɫ
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| Rhotic
! Aproximant
|
|
| *ɹ
|
|
|
|-
! Trill
|
|
| *r
|
|
|
|-
! Tap
|
|
| *ɾ
|
|
|
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="1"|  
! Lenis
! Fortis
! Lenis/Fortis
|-
! Nasal
| *ŋ
| *n
| *m
|-
! Labial Stop
| *b
| *p
| *pʰ
|-
! Dentoalveolar Stop
| *d
| *t
| *tʰ
|-
! Velar Stop
| *g
| *k
| *kʰ
|-
! Laminodental Affricate
| *dz
| *tz
| *tʰz
|-
! Apicoalveolar Affricate
| *ds
| *ts
| *tʰs
|-
! Postalveolar Affricate
| *dʃ
| *tʃ
| *tʰʃ
|-
! Sibilant Fricative
| *z
| *s
| *ʃ
|-
! Laringal
| *ɦ
| *h
| *x
|-
! Lateral
| *l
| *ɫ
| *ɬ
|-
! Rhotic
| *ɾ
| *r
| *ɹ
|-
|}
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!  
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| *i
| *ɨ
| *u
|-
! Mid
| *e
| *ə
| *o
|-
! Low
|
| *a
|
|-
|}
==Ablaut patterns==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="1"|  
! I
! II
! III
|-
! Type 1
| *a
| *e
| *i
|-
! Type 2
| *a
| *ə
| *ɨ
|-
! Type 3
| *a
| *o
| *u
|-
|}
==Verb morphology==
==Verb morphology==


===Personal particles===
===Personal particles===


{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Plural
|-
! Subject || Object || Subject || Object
|-
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
! Exclusive
| *ni
| *da
| *gu
| *gu
|-
! Inclusive
| -
| -
| *ɬu
| *ɬu
|-
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
! Masculine
| *xi
| *ɣa
| *zu
| *zu
|-
! Feminine
| *bi
| *na
| *su ~ *ʃu
| *su ~ *ʃu
|-
|}
===Thrid person particles===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="1"|  
! Subject
! Object
|-
! Indeterminate
| *ʃe
| *ga
|-
! Proximal
| *de
| *ɦa
|-
! Medial-proximal
| *be ~ *pe
| *ɦi
|-
! Medial
| *tʰe
| *ɦe
|-
! Medial-distal
| *le
| *ɦo
|-
! Distal
| *ze
| *ɦu
|-
|}


==Pronoun==
==Pronoun==
Line 83: Line 395:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan="1"|  
!colspan="2"|  
! Original
! Original
! Interrogative
! Interrogative
|-
|-
! Inanimate (What)
!colspan="2"| Inanimate (What)
| *za
| *za
| *za-ɧi
| *za-ɦi
|-
! Animate non-human (Which)
| *χɨ
| *χɨ-ɧi
|-
|-
! ?
!rowspan="2"| Animate
| *su
! Non-human (Which)
| *su-ɧi
| *kʰɨ
|-
| *kʰɨ-ɦi
! ?
| *dǝ
| *dǝ-ɧi
|-
|-
! Animate human (Who)
! Human (Who)
| *nǝ
| *nǝ
| *nǝ-ɧi
| *nǝ-ɦi
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 05:50, 26 July 2020

Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.

Phonology

Consonants

  Labial Laminodental Apicoalveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal *m *n *ŋ
Stop Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *kʰ *h
Voiceless *p *t *k
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate Aspirated *tʰz *tʰs *tʰʃ
Voiceless *tz *ts *tʃ
Voiced *dz *ds *dʃ
Fricative *z *s *ʃ *x *ɦ
Lateral Fricative *ɬ
Aproximant *l *ɫ
Rhotic Aproximant *ɹ
Trill *r
Tap *ɾ
  Lenis Fortis Lenis/Fortis
Nasal *ŋ *n *m
Labial Stop *b *p *pʰ
Dentoalveolar Stop *d *t *tʰ
Velar Stop *g *k *kʰ
Laminodental Affricate *dz *tz *tʰz
Apicoalveolar Affricate *ds *ts *tʰs
Postalveolar Affricate *dʃ *tʃ *tʰʃ
Sibilant Fricative *z *s *ʃ
Laringal *ɦ *h *x
Lateral *l *ɫ *ɬ
Rhotic *ɾ *r *ɹ

Vowels

  Front Central Back
High *i *ɨ *u
Mid *e *ə *o
Low *a

Ablaut patterns

  I II III
Type 1 *a *e *i
Type 2 *a *ə *ɨ
Type 3 *a *o *u

Verb morphology

Personal particles

    Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *ni *da *gu *gu
Inclusive - - *ɬu *ɬu
2nd person Masculine *xi *ɣa *zu *zu
Feminine *bi *na *su ~ *ʃu *su ~ *ʃu

Thrid person particles

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *ʃe *ga
Proximal *de *ɦa
Medial-proximal *be ~ *pe *ɦi
Medial *tʰe *ɦe
Medial-distal *le *ɦo
Distal *ze *ɦu

Pronoun

Personal

    Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *ni ~ *mi *dsi ~ *zo / *gu *ʃi *ʃi
Inclusive - - *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
2nd person Masculine *χu ~ *bo *χu ~ *du *zu *zu
Feminine *nǝ ~ *mǝ *nǝ ~ *mǝ *su ~ *se ~ *so *su ~ *se ~ *so

Demonstrative

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *gǝ *tʰʃɨ
Proximal *ɦa *dǝ
Medial-proximal *ɦi *bǝ ~ *pǝ
Medial *ɦe *tʰǝ
Medial-distal *ɦo *lǝ
Distal *ɦu *zǝ

Interrogative

  Original Interrogative
Inanimate (What) *za *za-ɦi
Animate Non-human (Which) *kʰɨ *kʰɨ-ɦi
Human (Who) *nǝ *nǝ-ɦi
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