View source for Parukon

[[Category:Parukon]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs by Koyeniru]]

{{WIP}}

{{Infobox 
|image=Parukon.png
|size=350px
|bg=#808ED1
|native=Pạ̄rukon/Tīrekūbin
|pronounce={{IPA|[pɑː.ru.kon]}} or {{IPA|[tiː.ɾe.kuː.βin]}}
|species=Human
|in=Parkia
|no=Around 20k
|script=Latin/Arbūi
|tree=???
:'''Parukon'''
|morph=Analytic with fusional particles
|ms=Ergative
|wo=VSO by default, but relatively free
|creator=[[User:Koyeniru|Koyeniru]]
|date=June-July 2025
}}

'''Parukon''' ([[wp:Endonym_and_exonym|autoglossonym]]: '''Pạ̄rukon''' {{IPA|[pɑː.ru.kon]}}) is a language isolate, spoken by the majority of habitants on the island of Parkia. In the Parkian religion, it is believed that language was originally a divine language, brought by '''Tīredạ''', the superior god believed to be the origin of humans themselves, which, like all of the other gods, is represented by a constellation in the nightsky. This belief is the origin of the second endonym of the language, which is '''Tīrekūbin''' (roughly translates to "the language of Tīredạ"). <br>

Grammatically speaking, Parukon is an '''analytic''' language, that makes use of a bunch of verb stacking and particles, which is the only part of speech which is not analytic, but rather '''fusional''', as a lot of particle merging occurs. It might also be analyzed as an '''oligoanalytic''' language, because of the extremely small size of its dictionnary, which contains around 250-300 words, 1/5 of them being grammatical particles.

 __TOC__

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

====Table====

{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| "Palatal" ||colspan=2| Velar
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || 
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || {{IPA|β}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|ʂ}} || || {{IPA|x}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Other || || || || {{IPA|ɾ}} || || {{IPA|j}}
|}

* /β/ can be pronounced [β], [w], [v], or [ʋ], depending on the speaker.
* /x/ has a tendency to be dropped in some words, creating either a long vowel or a hiatus, fixed by an epenthetic glottal stop. (ex. '''kahạ̄''' {{IPA|[ka.ʔɑː]}})
* /ʂ/ is not a "true" retroflex fricative, but rather an advanced palatal fricative {{IPA|[ç̟]}}.

====Orthography====

* /ʂ/ is either written "ƶ" or "ꞩ" (neither of them is prefered, but this article will use "ƶ")
* /h/ is either written "x" and "h", though the latter is much prefered
* /ɾ/ is written "r"
* /j/ is either written "j" or "y", though the latter is much prefered

===Vowels===

{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High  || {{IPA|/i/}} || || || {{IPA|[ʉ]}} || || ({{IPA|/u/}})
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid  || {{IPA|/e/}} || || || || || {{IPA|/o/}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid  || || ||colspan=2 | ({{IPA|[ə]}}) || || 
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || {{IPA|[ɛ]}} || || || || || {{IPA|[ɔ]}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || {{IPA|/a/}} || || || || colspan=2 | {{IPA|/ɑ~ɒ/}}
|}

====Orthography====

* /ɑ/ is written "ạ"
* Long vowels are written with a macron ("ā", "ē" etc.)

====Allophony====
=====Short vowel allophony=====

In most dialects, short vowels have allophones, either in free variation or depending on the environment:
* {{IPA|/i/}} is often pronounced:
** {{IPA|[ɪ]}} in unstressed syllables.
** {{IPA|[i]}} everywhere else.
* {{IPA|/u/}} is pronounced:
** {{IPA|[u]}} in isolation.
** {{IPA|[ʊ]}} in unstressed syllables.
** {{IPA|[ʉ]}} everywhere else.
* {{IPA|/e/}} is pronounced:
** {{IPA|[ɛ]}} before velars.
** {{IPA|[ə]}} in unstressed syllables.
** {{IPA|[e]}} everywhere else.
* {{IPA|/o/}} is pronounced:
** {{IPA|[ɔ]}} before velars.
** {{IPA|[ə]}} in unstressed syllables.
** {{IPA|[o]}} everywhere else.
* {{IPA|/a/}} is either pronounced {{IPA|[a]}} or somewhere in the vicinity of {{IPA|[æ]}}, both allophones being in free variation.
* {{IPA|/ɑ/}} is either pronounced {{IPA|[ɑ]}} or {{IPA|[ɒ]}}, both allophones being in free variation. <br>

However, in the classical dialect, which roughly corresponds to the north-western dialect, vowel reduction does not happen, leaving only 9 vowels, being {{IPA|[a]}}, {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, {{IPA|[e]}}, {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[o]}}, {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, {{IPA|[u]}} and {{IPA|[ʉ]}}.

=====Long vowel allophony=====
Except for {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɑ/}}, all long vowels are realized normally, even though they have a tendency to slightly shorten when unstressed, especially in the eastern dialects.