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	<updated>2026-04-04T00:48:57Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin/Guoyin&amp;diff=77985</id>
		<title>User:Zhen Lin/Guoyin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin/Guoyin&amp;diff=77985"/>
		<updated>2013-12-31T06:19:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Created page with &amp;quot;{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; ! !!Middle Chinese!!Guoyin!!Beijing colloquial!!Beijing literary |- |俄||nga&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　歌一開　平||ngó&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄫㄛ陽平||ó&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄛ陽...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! !!Middle Chinese!!Guoyin!!Beijing colloquial!!Beijing literary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|俄||nga&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　歌一開　平||ngó&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄫㄛ陽平||ó&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄛ陽平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|偶||nguwX&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　侯一開　上||ngǒu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄫㄡ上聲||ǒu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄡ上聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|全||dzjwen&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;從　仙三合　平||cüán&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄘㄩㄢ陽平||quán&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄩㄢ陽平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|六||ljuwk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;來　屋三合　入||luʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄨ入聲||liù&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄧㄡ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|勺||tsyak, dzyak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;章　藥三開　入、禪　藥三開　入||zhoʔ, shêʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄛ入聲、ㄕㄝ入聲||sháo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄠ陽平||shuoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄨㄛ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|卻||khjak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;溪　藥三開　入||qioʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄧㄛ入聲||queʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄩㄝ入聲||quoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄩㄛ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|嚼||dzjak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;從　藥三開　入||zioʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄗㄧㄛ入聲||jiáo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄠ陽平||jueʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄩㄝ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|姓||sjengH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;心　清三開　去||sìng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄙㄧㄥ去聲||xìng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄧㄥ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|學||hæwk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;匣　覺二開　入||xioʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄧㄛ入聲||xiáo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄧㄠ陽平||xueʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄩㄝ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|宅||dræk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;澄　陌二開　入||zheʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄜ入聲||zhái&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄞ陽平||zheʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄜ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|容||yowng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;以　鍾三合　平||yóng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄩㄥ陽平||róng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄖㄨㄥ陽平||yóng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄩㄥ陽平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|封||pjowng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;非　鍾三合　平||fōng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄈㄨㄥ陰平||fēng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄈㄥ陰平||fōng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄈㄨㄥ陰平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|小||sjewX&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;心　宵三開　上||siǎo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄙㄧㄠ上聲||xiǎo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄧㄠ上聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|屆||keajH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;見　皆二開　去||jiài&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄞ去聲||jiè&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄝ去聲||jiài&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄞ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|岳||ngæwk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　覺二開　入||yoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄧㄛ入聲||yueʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄩㄝ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|岸||nganH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　寒一開　去||ngàn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄫㄢ去聲||àn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄢ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|左||tsaH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;精　歌一開　上||zǒ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄗㄛ上聲||zuǒ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄗㄨㄛ上聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|幕||mak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;明　鐸一開　入||moʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄇㄛ入聲||muʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄇㄨ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|度||duH, dak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;定　模一合　去、定　鐸一開　入||dù, doʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄉㄨ去聲、ㄉㄛ入聲||dù, duoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄉㄨ去聲、ㄉㄨㄛ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|弄||luwngH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;來　東一合　去||lòng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄨㄥ去聲||nèng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄋㄥ去聲||lòng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄨㄥ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|昨||dzak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;從　鐸一開　入||zoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄗㄛ入聲||zuoʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄗㄨㄛ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|森||srim&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;生　侵三開　平||shēn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄣ陰平||sēn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄙㄣ陰平||shēn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄣ陰平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|榮||hjæwng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;云　庚三合　平||yóng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄩㄥ陽平||róng&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄖㄨㄥ陽平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|沃||ʔowk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;影　沃一合　入||wuʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄨ入聲||woʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄨㄛ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|液||yek, ???&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;以　昔三開　入、？？？||yiʔ, shiʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄧ入聲、ㄕ入聲||yeʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄧㄝ入聲||yiʔ, shiʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄧ入聲、ㄕ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|淚||lwijH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;來　脂三合　去||luì&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄨㄟ去聲||lèi&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄌㄟ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|溪||khej&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;溪　齊四開　平||qī&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄧ陰平||xī&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄒㄧ陰平||qī&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄑㄧ陰平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|瑞||dzyweH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;禪　支三合　去||shuì&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄨㄟ去聲||ruì&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄖㄨㄟ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|白||bæk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;並　陌二開　入||beʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄅㄜ入聲||bái&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄅㄞ陽平||beʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄅㄜ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|者||tsyæX&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;章　麻三開　上||zhê̌&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄝ上聲||zhǒ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄓㄛ上聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|舌||zyet&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;船　薛三開　入||shêʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄝ入聲||shó&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄛ陽平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|蔬||srjo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;生　魚三合　平||shū&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄨ陰平||sū&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄙㄨ陰平||shū&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄕㄨ陰平&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|虐||ngjak&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;疑　藥三開　入||ɲioʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄬㄧㄛ入聲||ɲueʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄬㄩㄝ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|角||kæwk&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;見　覺二開　入||jioʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄛ入聲||jiǎo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄠ上聲||jueʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄩㄝ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|誡||keajH&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;見　皆二開　去||jiài&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄞ去聲||jiè&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄝ去聲||jiài&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄐㄧㄞ去聲&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|黑||xok&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;曉　德一開　入||heʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄏㄜ入聲||hēi&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄏㄟ陰平||heʔ&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ㄏㄜ入聲&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=63991</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=63991"/>
		<updated>2012-01-02T14:07:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This chart strives to document all regular sound correspondences between:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Middle Chinese and major modern Chinese languages&lt;br /&gt;
* Middle Chinese and loans in Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This chart uses the following default Romanizations:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Baxter&#039;s orthography, for Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
* Hanyu Pinyin, for Mandarin (Beijing)&lt;br /&gt;
* Jyutping, for Cantonese&lt;br /&gt;
* Pre-1945 kana (歴史的仮名遣い) Romanized in faux-&#039;&#039;Wāpuro&#039;&#039;, for Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abbreviations that are used throughout:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Onset classes:&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labials (p,ph,b,m)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental plosives and nasals (t,th,d,n)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex plosives (tr,trh,dr), &#039;&#039;&#039;excluding&#039;&#039;&#039; nr&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilants (ts,tsh,dz,s,z)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilants (tsr,tsrh,dzr,sr)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilants (tsy,tsyh,dzy,sy,zy) &#039;&#039;&#039;and&#039;&#039;&#039; ny&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velars and laryngeals (k,kh,g,ŋ,x,h,ʔ,y,hj)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Readings:&lt;br /&gt;
* COL = colloquial reading (白讀)&lt;br /&gt;
* LIT = literary reading (文讀)&lt;br /&gt;
* See the explanation on [[:Wikipedia:en:Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters|Wikipedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tones:&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone (平聲)&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 or X = Shang tone (上聲)&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 or H = Qu tone (去聲)&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone (入聲)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chongniu (重紐) classes:&lt;br /&gt;
* CN-A = chongniu class A&lt;br /&gt;
* CN-B = chongniu class B&lt;br /&gt;
* See the rimes section for further information&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The onsets of Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each onset is given with a traditional label (i.e. an exemplary character that uses the onset) as well as Baxter&#039;s notation for the onset. The actual phonetic values are subject to debate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫 p || 滂 ph || 並 b || 明 m || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端 t || 透 th || 定 d || 泥 n || 來 l ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知 tr || 徹 trh || 澄 dr || 娘 nr || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精 ts || 清 tsh || 從 dz || || 心 s || 邪 z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 莊 tsr || 初 tsrh || 崇 dzr || || 生 sr || （俟 zr)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 章 tsy || 昌 tsyh || 常 dzy || 日 ny || 書 sy || 船 zy&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見 k || 溪 kh || 群 g || 疑 ng || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影 ʔ || || 以 y || || 曉 x || 匣 h&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(俟 zr is a controversial reconstructed phoneme. It makes the chart more symmetrical, but if it existed it was marginal at best.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Chinese philology conflated some onsets and split others, due to later sound changes. The traditional analysis, though inaccurate as a description of (Early) MC, is still influential, and also useful in analyzing later sound changes, so the differences between the traditional analysis and the reconstruction given above are listed here, as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the tsr- and tsy- rows are traditionally conflated as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
! Traditional labels !! 照 !! 穿 !! 牀 !! 審 !! 禪&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Retroflexes || 莊 tsr || 初 tsrh || 崇 dzr || 生 sr || （俟 zr)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Palatals || 章 tsy || 昌 tsyh || 船 zy || 書 sy || 常 dzy &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, the p- row is split as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
! Early MC !! 幫 p !! 滂 ph !! 並 b !! 明 m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Later labials || 幫 || 滂 || 並 || 明&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Later labiodentals || 非 || 敷 || 奉 || 微&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though this split is late/post-MC, it is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between bilabials and labiodentals, and so the split is included in the onsets chart below. The conditions for the labiodentals are:&lt;br /&gt;
# The third-division (三等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes of 虞 ju, 微 jwɨj, 廢 jwojH, 凡 jom, 元 jwon, 文 jun, 陽 jwang, as well as&lt;br /&gt;
# (Excluding the onset 明 m) The third-division rimes of 東 juwng, 鍾 jowng, 尤 juw&lt;br /&gt;
(See the rimes section for an explanation of rime categories)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Third, the traditional onset category 喻 has been reanalyzed as a conflation of two distinct MC onsets: 云 and 以. Furthermore, 云 is now often analyzed as merely an allophone of 匣 h before third-division rimes (匣 h does not otherwise appear before third-division rimes). Baxter&#039;s orthography reflects this analysis: 云 and 匣 are both written as &amp;quot;h&amp;quot; while 以 is written as &amp;quot;y&amp;quot;. The onset chart here goes for maximum separation: 匣, 云 and 以 each gets its own separate row.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Onset correspondences (general) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though we have tried our best, a chart like the following is prone to clutter if we attempted to include every single variation. Thus, some details are &#039;&#039;&#039;omitted from the main chart&#039;&#039;&#039;. They are instead explained in notes that follow the main chart.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪峻)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (峻)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責仄)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ] &amp;lt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;amp; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;amp; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] (kaikou)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
gw [kʷ] (hekou)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ(ʷ)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸媧)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h] or k [kʷ] (kaikou)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
f [f] or kw [kʰʷ] (hekou)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k(w) [kʰ(ʷ)] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g(w) [k(ʷ)] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k(w) [kʰ(ʷ)] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| null &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (聵) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] &amp;lt; MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌聵)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| null &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況迄訖)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] (kaikou) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
f [f] (hekou) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k(w) [kʰ(ʷ)] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and gw [kʷ] (轟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (迄訖) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (欣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] (kaikou) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (hekou) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but gw [kʷ] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k(ʷ) [kʰ(ʷ)] (潰繪攜)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (蟹攝合口)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| null &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but 業 ㆁ [ŋ] for division 3&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| null &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but 業 ㆁ [ŋ] for divison 3&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This following major shift is completely omitted from the above chart:&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | and&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| j [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | / _i [i], ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| q [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x]&lt;br /&gt;
| x [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, the modern semivowels are analyzed as epenthetic consonants occuring when the onset is null:&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| yi [ji]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | /&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | #_#&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ɥy]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| wu [wu]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | #_V&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w ~ ʋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| #_V except #_o#&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| #_o#&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, MC onset 以 y tends to correspond to modern y [j] or yu [ɥ], but the correspondence chart gives the modern reflex of 以 y as &#039;&#039;&#039;null&#039;&#039;&#039;; y [j] or yu [ɥ] are then synchronically produced using this sound change. This also correctly predicts situations where MC 以 y does not give modern y [j] or yu [ɥ], e.g. 惟 ywij &amp;gt; wéi [ʋei], where y &amp;gt; null and [ʋ] is produced by the Mandarin rime uei [uei], the regular descendent of MC -wij.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The MC initials 見溪群曉匣 (k kh g x h) are each given two modern reflexes, a non-labialized reflex and a labialized one. Which one occurs depends on the rime. The rime correspondence tables below specify when labialization occurs with the symbol &amp;quot;w [ʷ]&amp;quot; in the Cantonese columns. (Furthermore, unless otherwise noted, where a rime correspondence is denoted with &amp;quot;w [ʷ]&amp;quot;, the labialization is neutralized after MC onset ng = Cantonese onset ng [ŋ].) Furthermore, labialization always occurs when the Cantonese rime is one of u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/. As a corollary, /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following changes, disapproved of by prescriptivists, are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
* n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
* ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
* gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
* ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
* ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
* [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following consonants have allophones before i [i], y [j] and u [u]. (The influx of Western borrowings are changing many of these allophones into phonemes in their own right, but for the purposes of analyzing Chinese borrowings, they can be treated as allophones.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
! C &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! /i [i], y[j]&lt;br /&gt;
! /u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ts [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| j [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| j [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| n [ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| h [ç]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
The prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
This change is omitted from the chart:&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | / _i [i], _y- [j-]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Following which: y [j] &amp;gt; null /tɕ_ and tɕʰ_.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore:&lt;br /&gt;
* ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (this change has been reversed in North Korea due to spelling pronunciation)&lt;br /&gt;
* following which: ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Korean also has an extensive consonant sandhi system. For example:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MC rimes are traditionally grouped into four divisions (等). The divisions might have had something to do with the vowels and/or medials (semivowels before the main vowel). The divisions are also useful as categories in MC phonotactics. In Baxter&#039;s orthography:&lt;br /&gt;
* third-division rimes are written with &amp;quot;i&amp;quot;, or with &amp;quot;j&amp;quot; followed by any other vowel;&lt;br /&gt;
* first-division rimes are written with back vowels &amp;quot;a&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;o&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;u&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
* second-division rimes are written with low front vowels &amp;quot;æ&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ɛ&amp;quot; (which had a tendency to merge with each other);&lt;br /&gt;
* fourth-division rimes are written with &amp;quot;e&amp;quot;, which later tended to shift to &amp;quot;je&amp;quot; thereby merging with the third-division rimes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Baxter further categorized the large third-division into three categories:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Independent&amp;quot; rimes, limited to coming after labials and velars/laryngeals, with a tendency to merge with other, more fully distributed rimes&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Mixed&amp;quot; rimes, with a more complete distribution after several series of onset consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Chongniu&amp;quot; rimes. These rimes are distributed widely just liked &amp;quot;mixed&amp;quot; rimes. Furthermore, a distinction referred to as &#039;&#039;chongniu&#039;&#039; (重紐) was made among characters with labial or velar/laryngeal onsets. The nature of this distinction is unknown but it was likely phonemic. The two categories can be referred to as type A and type B. (They are also, confusingly, called &amp;quot;division-four chongniu rimes&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;division-three chongniu rimes&amp;quot;, based on their placement in rime books, even though the rimes themselves are division-three (do not confuse with &#039;&#039;actual&#039;&#039; division-four rimes).) The distinction is represented in Baxter&#039;s orthography with an extra -i- or -j- for those characters in chongniu type A rimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Like several modern southern Sinitic languages, MC permitted the consonant codas of -p, -t, -k, -m, -n and -ng. Baxter also uses the notations of -wk and -wng in a few rimes, which might reflect MC phonology. In MC, rimes ending on stops (-ap, -at, -ak) are treated as belonging to the corresponding rimes ending on nasals (-am, -an, -ang).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Within many of the rime categories, characters were further divided into &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口), which probably referred to the presence of some kind of labialization (denoted as an additional -w- in Baxter&#039;s orthography). This distinction was generally neutralized with both labial onsets and labial codas. Instead, rimes with labial codas (in Baxter&#039;s orthography, those in -w, -m and -wng) are classified as &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039;. (The pair of 魚 jo and 虞 ju are &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; respectively.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Syllables with labial onsets are also put into &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; rime categories, but because the distinction is neutralized, if a given &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; rime occurs with labials, its corresponding &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; rime would (usually) not occur with labials, and vice versa. In particular:&lt;br /&gt;
* In the second and fourth divisions, labial onsets are paired with &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; rimes &lt;br /&gt;
* In the first division, labial onsets are paired with &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; rimes, except for 戈 -wa, 灰 -woj, 桓 -wan and 魂 -won.&lt;br /&gt;
* In the third division &amp;quot;independent&amp;quot; category, labial onsets are paired with &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; rimes.&lt;br /&gt;
* In the third division &amp;quot;mixed&amp;quot; category, labial onsets are paired with &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; rimes, except for 之 -i and 蒸 -ing.&lt;br /&gt;
* In the third division &amp;quot;with &#039;&#039;chongniu&#039;&#039;&amp;quot; category, labial onsets are paired with &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; rimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rimes were, later on, grouped into categories called &#039;&#039;she&#039;&#039; (攝) based on similarity to each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rimes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | &#039;&#039;She&#039;&#039; Name&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2; rowspan = 2 | Division One&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2; rowspan = 2 | Division Two&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 3 | Division Three&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Division Four&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;quot;Independent&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;quot;Mixed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;quot;with Chongniu&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 果 Guo&lt;br /&gt;
| 歌 a || || || || || 歌 ja || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 戈 wa || || || || || 戈 jwa || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 假 Jia&lt;br /&gt;
| || || 麻 æ || || || 麻 jæ || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || || 麻 wæ || || || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 止 Zhi&lt;br /&gt;
| || || || || jɨj 微 || i 之 || 支 je 脂 ij ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || || || || jwɨj 微 || || 支 jwe 脂 wij ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 蟹 Xie&lt;br /&gt;
| 泰 ajH || 咍 oj || 夬 æjH || 皆 ɛj 佳 ɛɨ || 廢 jojH || || 祭 jejH || 齊 ej&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泰 wajH || 灰 woj || 夬 wæjH || 皆 wɛj 佳 wɛɨ || 廢 jwojH || || 祭 jwejH || 齊 wej&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 遇 Yu&lt;br /&gt;
| 模 u || || || || || 魚 jo || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| || || || || || 虞 ju || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 效 Xiao&lt;br /&gt;
| 豪 aw || || 肴 æw || || || || 宵 jew || 蕭 ew&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 流 Liu&lt;br /&gt;
| 侯 uw || || || || || 尤 juw || 幽 iw ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 咸 Xian&lt;br /&gt;
| 談 am || 覃 om || 銜 æm || 咸 ɛm || 嚴 jæm || || 鹽 jem || 添 em&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || || || || 凡 jom || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 深 Shen&lt;br /&gt;
| || || || || || || 侵 im ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 山 Shan&lt;br /&gt;
| 寒 an || || 刪 æn || 山 ɛn || 元 jon || || 仙 jen || 先 en&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 桓 wan || || 刪 wæn || 山 wɛn || 元 jwon || || 仙 jwen || 先 wen&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 臻 Zhen&lt;br /&gt;
| || 痕 on || || || 欣 jɨn || || 真臻 in ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || 魂 won || || || 文 jun || || 真諄 win ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 宕 Dang&lt;br /&gt;
| 唐 ang || || || || || 陽 jang || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 唐 wang || || || || || 陽 jwang || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 曾 Zeng&lt;br /&gt;
| || 登 ong || || || || 蒸 ing || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || 登 wong || || || || 蒸 wing || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 梗 Geng&lt;br /&gt;
| || || 庚 æng || 耕 ɛng  || || || 庚 jæng / 清 jeng || 青 eng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| || || 庚 wæng || 耕 wɛng  || || || 庚 jwæng / 清 jweng || 青 weng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江 Jiang&lt;br /&gt;
| || || 江 æwng || || || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 通 Tong&lt;br /&gt;
| 東 uwng || 冬 owng || || || || 東 juwng 鍾 jowng || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
* This table is organized according to Baxter&#039;s notation. The actual MC vowels continue to be debated.&lt;br /&gt;
* Some rimes occur only in the departing tone (&#039;&#039;qusheng&#039;&#039;). These are marked with &amp;quot;-H&amp;quot;, Baxter&#039;s notation for that tone.&lt;br /&gt;
* -p, -t and -k rimes are implied for -m, -n and -ng rimes, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
* The pair of 嚴 -jæm and 凡 -jom, which are classified as &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; respectively, are actually in complementary distribution, the former coming after velar onsets and the latter after labial onsets.&lt;br /&gt;
* Baxter analyzes the rimes of 庚 jæng and 清 jeng as forming a chongniu type-B / type-A pair. He also classifies 幽 iw rimes as a &amp;quot;chongniu&amp;quot; type rime that has only type-B rimes in it, on the basis of the placement and description of the 幽 iw rime in the rime books.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Permissible onset-rime combinations (&amp;quot;no&amp;quot; does not necessarily mean that there are no characters given in those combinations in the rime books, but that such exceptions are so sparse and/or obscure that they are possibly exceptions/mistakes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Divisions 1 &amp;amp; 4&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Division 2&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Division 3 &amp;quot;Independent&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Division 3 &amp;quot;Mixed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Division 3 &amp;quot;Chongniu&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Kaikou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Hekou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Kaikou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Hekou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Kaikou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Hekou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Kaikou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Hekou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Kaikou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
! &#039;&#039;Hekou&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| p,ph,b,m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | Yes + Chongniu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| t,th,d,n&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Some D1 rimes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | 打&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | 地&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| tr,trh,dr,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Some D1 rimes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | 臉、冷&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ts,tsh,dz,s&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Some D1 rimes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr,tsrh,dzr,sr&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Limited&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy,tsyh,zy,sy,dzy,ny&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| k,kh,x,h,ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes + Chongniu&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes + Chongniu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes + Chongniu&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes + Chongniu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
* Division 1 and 4 rimes occurred in similar environments.&lt;br /&gt;
* Division 3 rimes could occur in the most environments, and were also the most frequent (over 50% of characters).&lt;br /&gt;
* The dental stops (t, th, d) were in complementary distribution with the retroflex stops, retroflex sibilants, and palatal sibilants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some of the onset-rime combinations attested in rime books correspond to extremely rare characters. Owing to the difficulty of ascertaining the pronunciation of those characters in modern languages, the modern reflexes of those combinations have been omitted (for now). Accordingly, those combinations are not included in the &amp;quot;Distribution&amp;quot; columns of the following charts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 歌一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | â&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | a&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But a [ɑ] (他它大那娜)&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But aa [aː] (他它那)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But oa [wa] (左佐)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But uo [uo] (我), a [ɑ] (阿)&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But a [ɑː] (阿)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But ae [ɛ] (個)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 戈一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uâ&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | wa&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| o [uo] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But a [ɑ] (爸)&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But aa [aː] (爸)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo] /_k,ng,ʔ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but e [ɤ] (戈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [ɤ] /_kh,x &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but uo [uo] (禍和&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;去&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
| wo [ʷɔː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (fo [fɔː] &amp;lt; kh_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | wa [(w)a]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 戈三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯â&lt;br /&gt;
| ja&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] (茄)&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɛː] (茄)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 | ya [ja]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 戈三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wâ&lt;br /&gt;
| jwa&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ] (瘸靴)&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɛː] (瘸); oe [œː] (靴)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wa [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 麻二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | æ&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aa [aː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aa [aː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aa [aː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aa [aː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 麻二合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wa&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wæ&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ] (傻)&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː] (傻)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [ʷaː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (kwaa [kʰʷaː] &amp;lt; kh_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 麻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | i◌̯a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | jæ&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɛː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [jɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɛː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [jɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| je [jɛː] &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan = 2 |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝（開口） Zhi She (Kaikou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] for &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; some p,b_ (碑卑被)&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /k,kh,g,x_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ng,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| d,l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /k,kh,g,x_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ng,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but 이 [i] (伊咿)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /k,kh,g,x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ng,ʔ,h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ʔ,h,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /k,kh,g,x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ng,ʔ,h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝（合口） Zhi She (Hekou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but 웨 [we] (惴)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwai [kʷɐi] &amp;lt; k_, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; kwai [kʰʷɐi] &amp;lt; kh_, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ngai [ŋɐi] &amp;lt; ng_, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;fai [fɐi] &amp;lt; x_1, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
x_H, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; h,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 유 [ju] /k,kh_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 웨 [we] (詭佹燬)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | wi&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 유 [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; 유 [ju] / ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui]&lt;br /&gt;
| 위 [wi] (顇醉瘁翠)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| gwai [kʷɐi] &amp;lt; k_,g_H, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; kwai [kʰʷɐi] &amp;lt; kh_,g_1, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
유 [ju] / h,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 웨 [we] /k,g_ (晷位)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fei [fei] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wei [ʋei] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
| fei [fei] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(but fai [fɐi] (沸費)) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mei [mei] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwai [kʷɐi] &amp;lt; k_, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ngai [ŋɐi] &amp;lt; ng_, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;fai [fɐi] &amp;lt; x_1, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; x_H, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /ʔ,h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| 위 [wi]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝（開口） Xie She (Kaikou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | âi&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | oj&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] / n_X (乃迺) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; oi [ɔːi] / else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (態)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; oi [ɔːi] /n_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| jie [tɕiɛ] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ga [kɑ] &amp;lt; k_ (尬) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
kai [kʰai] &amp;lt; kh_ (揩楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
xie [ɕiɛ] &amp;lt; h_ (諧鞋械瀣) or &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
hai [xai] &amp;lt; h_ (駭骸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] (寨)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] (寨)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ai&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| jie [tɕiɛ] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jia [tɕiɑ] &amp;lt; k_ (佳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ya [jɑ] &amp;lt; ng_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
xie [ɕiɛ] &amp;lt; h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wa [ʋɑ] &amp;lt; ʔ_1 (娃) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] &amp;lt; ʔ_X,H (矮隘)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] &amp;lt; ʔ_X (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and waa [waː] &amp;lt; ʔ_1 (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] / p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] / m_ (袂)&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jai [jɐi] &amp;lt; y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [eː] / y_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | iei&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ej&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝（合口） Xie She (Hekou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | woj&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /t,th,d_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /n,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but oi [ɔːi] (內)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uai [uai] (塊)&lt;br /&gt;
| gwai [kʷɐi] &amp;lt; k_, &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
fui [fuːi] &amp;lt; kh,x_, &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but kwai [kʰʷɐi] &amp;lt; kh_ (盔） &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and faai [faːi] &amp;lt; kh_ (塊) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ngai [ŋɐi] &amp;lt; ng_ (隗嵬) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; ng_ (桅) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wui [wuːi] &amp;lt; h,ʔ_, &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (猥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | wajH&lt;br /&gt;
| T&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /k,x,h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but kuai [kʰuai] &amp;lt; k_ (膾儈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [ʋai] &amp;lt; ng_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
| kui2 [kʰuːi˧˥] &amp;lt; k_ （膾儈劊) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ngoi6 [ŋɔːi˨] &amp;lt; ng_ (外) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai3 [wɐi˧] &amp;lt; x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wui6 [wuːi˨] &amp;lt; h_ (會) or &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
kui2 [kʰuːi˧˥] &amp;lt; h_ (繪）&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai]&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [ʷaːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ua [uɑ] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [ʷaːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but waa [waː] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [ʷaː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wo [wɔː] (蝸媧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| hui [xuei] &amp;lt; x,ʔ_ (喙穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| fui [fuːi] &amp;lt; x_ (喙) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e(i) [e(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| gui [kuei] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
hui [xuei] &amp;lt; h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wei [ʋei] &amp;lt; h_ (衛) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rui [ɻuei] &amp;lt; y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| gwai [kʷɐi] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] &amp;lt; h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jeoi [jɵy] &amp;lt; y_ &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e(i) [e(ː)] / y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /h_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [eː] /h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (攜)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uo&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | u&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [ou] (都露)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] some ts_H (措錯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| u [uː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] &amp;lt; ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jo&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] some l_1 (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [yː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (所)&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [yː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] /k,kh,g,x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] &amp;lt; ŋ,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /K,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | ju&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fu [fu] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wu [u] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
| fu [fuː] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mou [mou] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [yː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [ɔː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [yː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]　&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /dzy,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy]　/k,kh,g,x_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] &amp;lt; ŋ,ʔ,h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 豪一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | âu&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | aw&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 5 | 肴二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | au&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | æw&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| aau [aːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| aau [aːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| aau [aːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| aau [aːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| aau [aːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 宵三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯äu&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | j(i)ew&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| ao [ɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 蕭四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ieu&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ew&lt;br /&gt;
| T&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [jɑu]&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 侯一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ə◌̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uw&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but mŭ [mu˨˩˦] &amp;lt; m_X (母牡) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
except mŏu [mu˨˩˦] (某) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and mào [mɑu˥˩] &amp;lt; m_H (茂貿袤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ou [ou] (母)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 尤三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | iə◌̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | juw&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fu [fu] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
except fǒu [fou˨˩˦] &amp;lt; p_X (否缶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mou [mou] &amp;lt; m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
except mao [mɑu] (矛) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| p,ph,b_ &amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; fau [fɐu] (否缶浮涪阜) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or fu [fu] (富副婦負) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mau [mɐu] &amp;lt; m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
except maau [maːu] (矛) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| iou [iou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (畜)&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uk [ʊk] (畜)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| iou [iou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iou [iou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jau [jɐu] &amp;lt; kh,x,ʔ,h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 幽三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯ěu&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jiw&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| iao [iao] / p_ (彪) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iou [iou] / m_ (謬)&lt;br /&gt;
| iu [iːu] / p_ (彪) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; au [ɐu] / m_ (謬)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iou [iou]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [ɐu] / k,g_ (糾赳虯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jau [jɐu] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (幽幼)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝（舒聲） Xian She (Nasal Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 談一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | âm&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | am&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 覃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | â.m&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | om&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 銜二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | am&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | æm&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 咸二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ăm&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛm&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn] (臉)&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm] (臉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but an [an] (黯)&lt;br /&gt;
| aam [aːm] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but aan [aːn] (醶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and am [ɐm] (黯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 嚴三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒm&lt;br /&gt;
| jæm&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jim [jiːm] &amp;lt; ng_ &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 凡三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒm&lt;br /&gt;
| jom&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fan [fan] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_&lt;br /&gt;
| faan [faːn] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 鹽三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯äm&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | j(i)em&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jim [jiːm] &amp;lt; ʔ,h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 添四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | iem&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | em&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| im [iːm] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jim [jiːm] &amp;lt; h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝（入聲） Xian She (Plosive Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 盍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | âp&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | ap&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 合一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | â.p&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | op&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 狎二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ap&lt;br /&gt;
| æp&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but aat [aːt] (壓)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 洽二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ăp&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ɛp&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [a]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aap [aːp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ap [ɐp] (恰)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 業三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒp&lt;br /&gt;
| jæp&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jip [jiːp] &amp;lt; ng_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 乏三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒp&lt;br /&gt;
| jop&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fa [fa] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_&lt;br /&gt;
| faat [faːt] (法) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or fat [fɐt] (乏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 5 | 葉三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | i̯äp&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | j(i)ep&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but it [iːt] (捷睫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 帖四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | iep&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ep&lt;br /&gt;
| T&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ia [iɑ] (頰俠)&lt;br /&gt;
| ip [iːp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ap [aːp] (頰俠)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 侵三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯əm&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | (j)im&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ] (稟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; in [in] (品)&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ün [yn] (尋潯)&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| am [ɐm] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jam [jɐm] &amp;lt; kh,ng,x,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 緝三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯əp&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | (j)ip&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but aap [aːp] (立&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;白&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ] (蟄) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or i [ʅ] (縶)&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] (蟄) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or ap [ɐp] (縶)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but aap [aːp] (澀&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;白&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ru [ɻu] &amp;lt; ny_(入)&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp] (緝輯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or aap [aːp] (集習襲)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]  &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ei [ei] (給&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;白&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
| ap [ɐp] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jap [jɐp] &amp;lt; kh,ʔ,h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝（開口舒聲） Shan She (Kaikou, Nasal Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 寒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ân&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | an&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| on [ɔːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 刪二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | an&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | æn&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 山二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ăn&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 元三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒn&lt;br /&gt;
| jon&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but üan [yɛn] (軒)&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jin [jiːn] &amp;lt; ng,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 仙三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯än&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | j(i)en&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn] &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jin [jiːn] &amp;lt; ng,ʔ,h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 先四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ien&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | en&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jin [jiːn] &amp;lt; h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝（開口入聲） Shan She (Kaikou, Plosive Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 曷一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ât&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | at&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ot [ɔːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but aat [aːt] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (遏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 鎋二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | at&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | æt&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] (瞎轄)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 黠二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ăt&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| a [ɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 月三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒt&lt;br /&gt;
| jot&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jit [jiːt] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (謁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 薛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯ät&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | j(i)et&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but üe [yɛ] (薛)&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jit [jiːt] &amp;lt; ng_ (孽)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 屑四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | iet&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | et&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| it [iːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jit [jiːt] &amp;lt; ng,ʔ_ (臬噎)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝（合口舒聲） Shan She (Hekou, Nasal Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 桓一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uân&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | wan&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| an [an]&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aan [aːn]] (饅幔漫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wun [wuːn] &amp;lt; ng,h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 刪二合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wan&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wæn&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| aan [aːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwaan [kʷaːn] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
waan [waːn] &amp;lt; ng,h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 山二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăn&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwaan [kʷaːn] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
waan [waːn] &amp;lt; h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 元三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wɒn&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwon&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fan [fan] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wan [ʋan] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
| faan [faːn] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
maan [maːn] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üan [yɛn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ruăn [ɻuan˨˩˦] &amp;lt; ng_X (阮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and wăn [ʋan˨˩˦] &amp;lt; ʔ_X (宛婉菀)&lt;br /&gt;
| hyun [hyːn] &amp;lt; kh,x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
gyun [kyːn] &amp;lt; g_X,H &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jyun [jyːn] &amp;lt; ng,h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 仙三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯wän&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jw(i)en&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ian [iɛn] (戀) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or uan [uan] (孌)&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| uan [uan]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| üan [yɛn]&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üan [yɛn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ian [iɛn] (沿鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jyun [jyːn] &amp;lt; ʔ,h,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 先四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwen&lt;br /&gt;
| wen&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üan [yɛn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ian [iɛn] (縣)&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jyun [jyːn] &amp;lt; h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝（合口入聲） Shan She (Hekou, Plosive Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 末一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uât&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | wat&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| o [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| ut [uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| ut [uːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wut [wuːt] &amp;lt; h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; waat [waːt] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (斡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 鎋二合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wat&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wæt&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| aat [aːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwaat [kʷaːt]　&amp;lt; k_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 黠二合&lt;br /&gt;
| ăt&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| waat [waːt]　&amp;lt; h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 月三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wɒt&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwot&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fa [fɑ] &amp;lt; p,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wa [ʋɑ] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
| faat [faːt] &amp;lt; p_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; fat [fɐt] &amp;lt; b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; mat [mɐt] &amp;lt; m_ &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jyut [jyːt] &amp;lt; ng,ʔ,h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 薛三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯ät&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | j(i)et&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ie [iɛ] (劣)&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jyut [jyːt] &amp;lt; ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屑四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwet&lt;br /&gt;
| wet&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ie [iɛ] (血&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;白&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; jyut [jyːt] &amp;lt; h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝（開口） Zhen She (Kaikou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 痕一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 |ən&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 |on&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən] (吞)&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| on [oɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| on [oɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jan [jɐn] &amp;lt; ʔ_ (恩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| on [oɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| on [oɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 欣三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jən&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨn&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jan [jɐn] &amp;lt; ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| on [oɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 真三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | (j)in&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ün [yn] (訊汛)&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but an [ɐn] (辛新薪親)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jan [jɐn] &amp;lt; ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ] (CN-A)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
on [oɴ] (CN-B)&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 臻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| in&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eon [ɵn] (臻榛)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
| in [iɴ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ət&lt;br /&gt;
| ot&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ?&lt;br /&gt;
| ?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 迄三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jət&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨt&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oti [otɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 質三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | (j)it&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but it [iːt] (必)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but it [iːt] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jat [jɐt] &amp;lt; ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jyut [jyːt] (乙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but otu [otsu] (乙)&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 櫛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| it&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ] (瑟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and i [ʅ] (櫛&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;陸&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;蝨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ie [iɛ] (櫛&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;台&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but it [iːt] (櫛)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iti [itɕi]&lt;br /&gt;
| itu [itsu]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝（合口） Zhen She (Hekou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 魂一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |uən&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |won&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən]&lt;br /&gt;
| an [ɐn] (奔賁笨噴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or un [uːn] (本盆門悶)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən] /t,th,d,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
en [ən] /n_&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but yun [yːn] / d_1,l_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ün [yn](巽遜)&lt;br /&gt;
| yun [yːn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but eon [ɵn] (尊樽遜)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwan [kʷɐn] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; kwan [kʰʷɐn] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; fan [fɐn] &amp;lt; x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wan [wɐn] &amp;lt; ng,h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 文三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | juən&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jun&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fen [fən] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wen [ʋən] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
| fan [fɐn] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; man [mɐn] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ün [yn]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwan [kʷɐn] &amp;lt; k_,g_H &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; kwan [kʰʷɐn] &amp;lt; g_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; fan [fɐn] &amp;lt; x_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wan [wɐn] &amp;lt; ʔ,h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| jwin&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ün [yn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but iong [yʊŋ] (窘)&lt;br /&gt;
| wan [wɐn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 5 | 淳三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | (j)win&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən]&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən]&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| un [uən]&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ün [yn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but un [uən] (筍遵)&lt;br /&gt;
| eon [ɵn]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ün [yn] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but in [in] (尹)&lt;br /&gt;
| gwan [kʷɐn] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br &amp;gt;wan [wɐn] &amp;lt; h_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 沒一合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |uət&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |wot&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| o [uɔ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (沒&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;白&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
| ut [uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| at [ɐt] (突凸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or eot [ɵt] (咄)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| yut [yːt] (猝)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwat [kʷɐt] &amp;lt; k_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; fat [fɐt] &amp;lt; kh,x_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ngat [ŋɐt] &amp;lt; ng_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 物三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 |juət&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 |jut&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fu [fu] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wu [wu] &amp;lt; m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but o [uɔ] (佛)&lt;br /&gt;
| fat [fɐt] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; mat [mɐt] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but üe [yɛ] (崛倔掘)&lt;br /&gt;
| gwat [kʷɐt] &amp;lt; g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wat [wɐt] &amp;lt; kh,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 術三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | (j)wit&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| eot [ɵt]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| gwat [kʷɐt] &amp;lt; k_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wat [wɐt] &amp;lt; y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 唐一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | âng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ang&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 陽三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯ang&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jang&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [iɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [uɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [iɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [iɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 鐸一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | âk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ak&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| o [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 5 | 藥三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | i̯ak&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | jak&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; üe [yɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; uo [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ao [ɑu] (著)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; uo [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ao [ɑu] (勺)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; üe [yɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iao [iɑu] (雀嚼削)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; üe [yɛ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iao [iɑu] (腳藥鑰)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 唐一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâng&lt;br /&gt;
| wang&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [uɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 陽三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wang&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwang&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| fang [fɑŋ] &amp;lt; p,ph,b_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; wang [ʋɑŋ] &amp;lt; m_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [uɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鐸一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâk&lt;br /&gt;
| wak&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 藥三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wak&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwak&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| fù [fu˥˩] (縛)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| üe [yɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Zeng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 登一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | əng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ong&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but en [ən] (肯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 蒸三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯əng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | ing&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ün [yn] (孕)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 德一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ək&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ok&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; o [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ei [ei] (北)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ei [ei] (得忒勒肋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ei [ei] (賊塞)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ei [ei] (黑)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 職三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯ək&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | ik&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l,nr&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; plain alveolar &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai [ai] &amp;lt;br &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; retroflex (色)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 登一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wəng&lt;br /&gt;
| wong&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 德一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wək&lt;br /&gt;
| wok&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 職三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wək&lt;br /&gt;
| wik&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝（開口舒聲） Geng She (Kaikou, Nasal Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 庚二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | ɒng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | æng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ang [ɑŋ] (盲)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| (t)&lt;br /&gt;
| da [tɑ] (打)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| leng [lɤŋ] (冷)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ing [iɪŋ] (更行杏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 耕二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but in [in] (拼)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] /k,kh_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ing [iɪŋ] /ng,h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 庚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | i̯ɒng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | jæng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but in [in] (皿)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 清三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯äng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jieng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but in [in] (聘) &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but en [ən] (貞)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 青四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ieng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | eng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝（開口入聲） Geng She (Kaikou, Plosive Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 陌二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɒk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | æk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; o [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai [ai] (伯百拍白) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; or a [ɑ] (怕)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset may be &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; plain alveolar (澤擇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; retroflex (宅)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset may be &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; plain alveolar (嘖)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; retroflex (窄)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ia [iɑ] (嚇)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 麥二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ɛk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; o [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai [ai] (擘麥脈)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai [ai] (摘)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; e [ɤ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; plain alveolar (責策冊)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ai &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and onset is &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; retroflex (債??)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| e [ɤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 陌三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯ɒk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jæk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ü [y] (劇)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 5 | 昔三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | i̯äk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 5 | jiek&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 錫四開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | iek&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ek&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝（合口） Geng She (Hekou) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 庚二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wɒng&lt;br /&gt;
| wæng&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [uɑŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but eng [ɤŋ] (橫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 耕二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛng&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛng&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 庚三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒng&lt;br /&gt;
| jwæng&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iong [yʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; and rong [ɻʊŋ] &amp;lt; y_1 (榮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ing [iɪŋ] (憬瑩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 清三合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | i̯wäng&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | jwieng&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ing [iɪŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but iong [yʊŋ] (瓊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 青四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iweng&lt;br /&gt;
| weng&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iong [yʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ing [iɪŋ] (熒螢滎)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | 陌二合&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wɒk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | wæk&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 麥二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛk&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛk&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| uo [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; but ua [uɑ] (劃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 陌三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒk&lt;br /&gt;
| jwæk&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
| huo [xuo] (擭)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 昔三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäk&lt;br /&gt;
| jwiek&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| yi [ji] (役疫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 錫四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwek&lt;br /&gt;
| wek&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | ång&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| ang [ɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [wɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| oeng [œːŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| uang [wɑŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| oeng [œːŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港)&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 覺二開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | åk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [ɑu] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
or iao [iɑu] (朴)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but iao [jɑu] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] / ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jɑu] (角)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and e [ɤ] (殼)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝（舒聲） Tong She (Nasal Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |ung&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 |uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [ʋɤŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | uong&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | owng&lt;br /&gt;
| T&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u], uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u], uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g,hj_ (窮雄熊) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] &amp;lt; y_1 (融)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ )&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u], uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju]&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] &amp;lt; y_1 (容)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u], uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
용 [joŋ] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
융 [juŋ] /x_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝（入聲） Tong She (Plosive Coda) ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | C_&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 屋一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 4 | 沃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | uok&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | owk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| T,l&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 7 | 屋三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 7 | juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| uku [uku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
| uku [uku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iou [jou] (六)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 육 [juk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iou [jou] (軸)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku]&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (縮)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| uku [uku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuku [juku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iou [jou] (粥熟肉)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| uku [uku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iku [iku] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuku [juku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iku [iku] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; iou [jou] (宿)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| uku [uku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yuku [juku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku]&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
육 [juk] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 6 | 燭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 6 | jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| P&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ü [y] (綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| TR&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| SY&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욕 [jok] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| S&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ü [y] (續)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| K&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] &amp;lt; ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [joku] &amp;lt; y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욕 [jok] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Middle Chinese is traditionally described as having four tones. However, the Ru tone (入聲) is in complementary distribution with each of the other three tones. If MC were a modern language, a modern linguist might analyze it as an allophone of one of the other tones:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Open syllable&lt;br /&gt;
! Closed syllable with nasal coda&lt;br /&gt;
! Closed syllable with plosive coda&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ping/level tone (平聲)&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Shang/rising tone (上聲)&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Qu/departing tone (去聲)&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ru/entering tone (入聲)&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:gray&amp;quot; | No&lt;br /&gt;
| Yes&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In MC, Ping was much more common than each of the other three tones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Karlgren uses : and - while Baxter uses X and H for the Shang and Qu tones. (Ping is left unmarked and Ru is of course self-evident.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Near the end of, or after, MC, the tones split into high and low varieties based on the onset of the syllable. Syllables with voiceless onsets became high, while syllables with voiced onsets became low. In most Sinitic languages, the voice distinction was then lost, and the high/low distinction became phonemic for some or all tones. Whenever this happened, the high varieties come to be called called &amp;quot;Yin&amp;quot; (Yin Ping, Yin Shang, Yin Qu, Yin Ru) while the low varieties are called &amp;quot;Yang&amp;quot; (Yang Ping, Yang Shang, Yang Qu, Yang Ru). Here is an idealized illustration of how the system would work for a given tone (aspiration is ignored in this illustration for simplicity):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
! Before&lt;br /&gt;
! After&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (P)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (YinP)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| man (P)&lt;br /&gt;
| man (YangP)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ban (P)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (YangP)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vast majority of languages and dialects today have separate Yin Ping and Yang Ping tones. Only some southern languages and dialects have separate Yin Qu and Yang Qu tones. It is even rarer to have separate Yin Shang and Yang Shang tones; instead, there is a widespread tendency to move what &#039;&#039;would&#039;&#039; be Yang Shang syllables, beginning with obstruent onsets, into the Qu tone. Taking the dialect of Changsha as an example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
! MC&lt;br /&gt;
! Changsha&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (S)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (S)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| man (S)&lt;br /&gt;
| man (S)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ban (S)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (&#039;&#039;&#039;YangQ&#039;&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (Q)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (YinQ)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| man (Q)&lt;br /&gt;
| man (YangQ)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ban (Q)&lt;br /&gt;
| pan (YangQ)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Ru tone deserves special mention, because with a few exceptions (e.g. Changsha, Wenzhou), it lived and died with the plosive codas that it was associated with. In southern languages that maintain plosive codas, the Ru tone survives (though, as in MC, the Ru tone, or Ru tones where the tone has split, is/are usually associated exclusively with plosive codas, and can therefore be analyzed as an allophone or allophones of other tones.) On the other hand, plosive codas have dropped away completely in most dialects of Mandarin, and syllables with Ru tone were reassigned to other tones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reconstructions are omitted from the following since no one seems to be attempting it (??).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 7 | Mandarin&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Jin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiyuan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br &amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Minnan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mindong &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Fuzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Gan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Nanchang&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 3 | Wu&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Xiang &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Changsha&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Vietnamese&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! Jinan&lt;br /&gt;
! Xi&#039;an&lt;br /&gt;
! Wuhan&lt;br /&gt;
! Chengdu&lt;br /&gt;
! Hefei&lt;br /&gt;
! Yangzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! Amoy&lt;br /&gt;
! Teochew&lt;br /&gt;
! Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! Shanghai&lt;br /&gt;
! Wenzhou&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; 213&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt; 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt; 212&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt; 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; 33&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; 42&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; 52&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; 33&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | ngang&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 42&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 213&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 34&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 224&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 13&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; huyền&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 42&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 42 &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; 35&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; 52&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; 33&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; 31&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 213&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; 52&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; YinQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; 45&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 41&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; hỏi&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; 23&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;YangQ&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;YinS&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;YangS&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;YinS&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;YangQ&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;YinS&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; YinP or YinS&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 34&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; ngã&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 13&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 53&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 4 | 45&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;YangS&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; 35&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;YinP&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;Q&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; YangQ&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; nặng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; 33&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; 213&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; 213&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; 55&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; 412&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; 34&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; 42&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; 45&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; sắc&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 242&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 231&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 14&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | nặng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; Random&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; YinP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | YinP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | YangP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | YangP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; 33(long)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;5(short)&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; 32&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; 11&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; 1&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; 5&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; 4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; 44&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; 323&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt; rowspan = 3 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; sắc&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; Q&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; Q&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | 212&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt; rowspan = 2 | nặng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Beijing --&amp;gt; YangP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Jinan --&amp;gt; YangP&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Xi&#039;an --&amp;gt; YangP&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wuhan --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chengdu --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Hefei --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Yangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;!-- Taiyuan --&amp;gt; 54&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Guangzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Xiamen --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Chaozhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Fuzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Meizhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Nanchang --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Suzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Shanghai --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Wenzhou --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- Changsha --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;!-- SV --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sound changes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=35005</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=35005"/>
		<updated>2008-08-06T12:49:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* 止攝 Zhi She */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸媧)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (聵) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌聵)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪攜)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (蟹攝合口)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# (Excluding 明 m) The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
용 [joŋ] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
융 [juŋ] /x_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
옥 [ok] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
육 [juk] /l,nr,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 燭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욱 [uk] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욕 [jok] /ny,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 覺二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a] /S,TSRY_ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,d,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,SR,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
아 [a] /ts,tsh,dz,s,_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but 이 [i] (伊咿)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 아 [a] /S,SR,SY_ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| 이 [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
의 [ɰi] /x,ŋ,ʔ_ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| 위 [wi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
유 [ju] /k,kh_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
우 [u] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 웨 [we] (詭佹惴燬)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&lt;br /&gt;
| 우 [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
유 [ju] / hj,l,ny,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some 웨 [we] /k,g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and 위 [wi] /ts,tsh,dz_ (顇醉瘁翠晷位)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| 위 [wi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
이 [i] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] /S,nr,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] /TRSY,nr,ny,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /l,S,K,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /S,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ʅ] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jai [jɐi] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /T,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and waa [waː] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (攜)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rui [ɻuei] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jeoi [jɵy] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /TR,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e(i) [e(ː)] /SY,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [eː] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [waː] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wo [wɔː] (蝸媧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ua [uɑ] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but waa [waː] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P,n,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but oi [ɔːi] (內)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uei [uei] /h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)in&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
en [ən] /TR,SY,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 臻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| in&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 欣三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jən&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨn&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 痕一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ən&lt;br /&gt;
| on&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 櫛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 迄三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jət&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨt&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ət&lt;br /&gt;
| ot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| jwin&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 淳三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)win&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 文三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juən&lt;br /&gt;
| jun&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魂一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uən&lt;br /&gt;
| won&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 術三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 物三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juət&lt;br /&gt;
| jut&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uət&lt;br /&gt;
| wot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=35004</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=35004"/>
		<updated>2008-08-06T12:09:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* 江攝 Jiang She */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸媧)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (聵) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌聵)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪攜)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (蟹攝合口)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# (Excluding 明 m) The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
용 [joŋ] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
융 [juŋ] /x_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
옥 [ok] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
육 [juk] /l,nr,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 燭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욱 [uk] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욕 [jok] /ny,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 앙 [aŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 覺二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 악 [ak]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,d,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] /S,nr,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] /TRSY,nr,ny,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /l,S,K,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /S,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ʅ] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jai [jɐi] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /T,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and waa [waː] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (攜)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rui [ɻuei] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jeoi [jɵy] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /TR,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e(i) [e(ː)] /SY,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [eː] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [waː] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wo [wɔː] (蝸媧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ua [uɑ] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but waa [waː] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P,n,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but oi [ɔːi] (內)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uei [uei] /h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)in&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
en [ən] /TR,SY,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 臻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| in&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 欣三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jən&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨn&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 痕一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ən&lt;br /&gt;
| on&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 櫛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 迄三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jət&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨt&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ət&lt;br /&gt;
| ot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| jwin&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 淳三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)win&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 文三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juən&lt;br /&gt;
| jun&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魂一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uən&lt;br /&gt;
| won&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 術三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 物三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juət&lt;br /&gt;
| jut&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uət&lt;br /&gt;
| wot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34751</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34751"/>
		<updated>2008-08-01T00:07:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* 通攝 Tong She */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸媧)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (聵) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌聵)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪攜)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (蟹攝合口)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# (Excluding 明 m) The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 웅 [uŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
| 옹 [oŋ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
용 [joŋ] /y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
융 [juŋ] /x_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
| 욱 [uk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
옥 [ok] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
육 [juk] /l,nr,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 燭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
| 옥 [ok] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욱 [uk] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
욕 [jok] /ny,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 覺二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,d,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] /S,nr,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] /TRSY,nr,ny,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /l,S,K,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /S,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ʅ] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jai [jɐi] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /T,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and waa [waː] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (攜)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rui [ɻuei] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jeoi [jɵy] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /TR,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e(i) [e(ː)] /SY,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [eː] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [waː] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wo [wɔː] (蝸媧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ua [uɑ] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but waa [waː] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P,n,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but oi [ɔːi] (內)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uei [uei] /h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)in&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
en [ən] /TR,SY,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 臻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| in&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 欣三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jən&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨn&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 痕一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ən&lt;br /&gt;
| on&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 櫛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 迄三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jət&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨt&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ət&lt;br /&gt;
| ot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| jwin&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 淳三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)win&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 文三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juən&lt;br /&gt;
| jun&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魂一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uən&lt;br /&gt;
| won&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 術三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 物三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juət&lt;br /&gt;
| jut&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uət&lt;br /&gt;
| wot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34750</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34750"/>
		<updated>2008-08-01T00:04:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (佩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and w [w] (蝸媧)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (聵) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌聵)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪攜)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w] (蟹攝合口)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# (Excluding 明 m) The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沃一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 屋三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 燭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 覺二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,d,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P,l,nr,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [iː] /ny,ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [iː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [ui] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] /S,nr,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] /TRSY,nr,ny,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /l,S,K,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| yo [jo] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [o] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| ü [y] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /TSRY,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /S,l,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔː] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [yː] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [uː] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [ʅ] /TSRY_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jai [jɐi] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /T,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and waa [waː] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ie [iɛ] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| oi [ɔːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (攜)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rui [ɻuei] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jeoi [jɵy] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /TR,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e(i) [e(ː)] /SY,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [eː] /hj_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uai [uai] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
| eoi [ɵy] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /ŋ_ (外)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ua [uɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (蝸)&lt;br /&gt;
| waa [waː] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but wo [wɔː] (蝸媧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ua [uɑ] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
| waai [waːi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but waa [waː] (話)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
| uei [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P,n,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but oi [ɔːi] (內)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /T,n,l,S_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uei [uei] /h,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uːi] /h_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [wɐi] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wai [(w)ai] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)in&lt;br /&gt;
| in [in] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
en [ən] /TR,SY,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 臻三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛn&lt;br /&gt;
| in&lt;br /&gt;
| en [ən] /SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 欣三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jən&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨn&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 痕一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ən&lt;br /&gt;
| on&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 櫛三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jɛt&lt;br /&gt;
| it&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 迄三開&lt;br /&gt;
| jət&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨt&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ət&lt;br /&gt;
| ot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 真三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| jwin&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 淳三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕn&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)win&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 文三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juən&lt;br /&gt;
| jun&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魂一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uən&lt;br /&gt;
| won&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 質三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 術三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juĕt&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wit&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 物三合&lt;br /&gt;
| juət&lt;br /&gt;
| jut&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 沒一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uət&lt;br /&gt;
| wot&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34631</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34631"/>
		<updated>2008-07-28T10:10:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:ko:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but kw [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,d,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /ŋ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no SR_, l_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所)&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [y] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [y] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔ] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /K,S,nr,l_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /K,ʔ,l,S_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yo [jo] /y,TRSY,nr,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /SR_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yo [jo] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /TSRY,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [y] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [y] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔ] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /K,S,l_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] /TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| jai [jɐi] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大)&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and wa [wa] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| (only ŋ-.) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| (only ŋ-.) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34630</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34630"/>
		<updated>2008-07-28T10:06:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */ An afternoon in the bookshop with Martin&amp;#039;s reference grammar of Korean...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Wu &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard Karlgren]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Middle*&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donggukjeongun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The hanja and prescriptive han&#039;gŭl are spellings from the &#039;&#039;Dongguk Jeongun&#039;&#039; (東國正韻 [[Wikipedia:kr:동국정운|동국정운]]).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
譜圃瀑蹼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘泌)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃豹鄙謗)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖坡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棒婢被蚌抱倍蓓) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彆 ㅂ [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 漂 ㅍ [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| f or pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| 步 ㅃ [p&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but some m&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;: v &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;: m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| 彌 ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (禱)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇鋌特突&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
沓蹋袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(盾挺艇鋌怠殆肚斷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (隸)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 閭 ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (貯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 斗 ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 呑 ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (峙重柱) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (秩)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| 覃 ㄸ [t&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but w [w] (諉)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (釀)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| ȵ&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| 那 ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (坐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (似) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (柿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 即 ㅈ [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 侵 ㅊ [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 慈 ㅉ [ts&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 戍 ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (恃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪 ㅆ [s&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ or j&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| 穰 ㅿ [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but kw [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈偕)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲級冀規 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
會膾劊愧拘駒溝箍 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
羯竭訣決抉蹶厥礦 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
襟昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [h] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 君 ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random? :&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (棵)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (隙)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 快 ㅋ [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅋ [kʰ] /_[wɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 (近臼舅菌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱及)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虯 ㄲ [k&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
∅ /_[i,j,w]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩]: MC ngu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| 業 ㆁ [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (凹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅, y [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 挹 ㆆ [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (吸賄)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (轟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 虛 ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰繪)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and j [j] (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| 洪 ㆅ [h&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [h] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j,ɥ] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j] or w [w] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
| [j] or [v]?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| y [j] or w [(w)] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
depending on rime &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 欲 ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes, or&lt;br /&gt;
# The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* The following (not so) recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** g k [k kʰ] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt] (but not ung uk [ʊŋ ʊk])&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kw kʰw] &amp;gt; gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
** For h [h] in the same environment, if h [h] comes from MC 溪 or 曉, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; f [f] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
** But if h [h] comes from MC 匣, then:&lt;br /&gt;
*** h [h] &amp;gt; w [w] / _u ui un ut [uː uːi uːn uːt]&lt;br /&gt;
*** hw [hw] &amp;gt; w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
** As can be seen, at least some stage of above change dates from before the merger of [h] and [ɦ] into modern Cantonese [h].&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Wu &amp;amp;mdash; Suzhou&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [k kʰ g h ɦ n] &amp;gt; [tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɕ dʑ ȵ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Middle Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;: the prescriptive spellings and pronunciations were ultimately ignored:&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;muddy&amp;quot; (全濁) onsets were pronounced (and spelt) with plain consonants instead of emphatic consonants;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;kh-&#039;&#039; (溪) onset tended to be pronounced (and spelt) without aspiration;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;l-&#039;&#039; (來) onset was pronounced ㄴ [n] when word-initial (i.e. the first character of a compound) (but see the note below about North Korean);&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ny-&#039;&#039; (日) onset was not pronounced when word-initial;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &#039;&#039;ng-&#039;&#039; (疑) onset was not pronounced at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Modern Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following regular sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ (reversed due to spelling pronunciation in North Korean)&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㅂ ㄷ ㅈ ㄱ ㅅ [p t tɕ k s] &amp;gt; ㅃ ㄸ ㅉ ㄲ ㅆ [p&#039; t&#039; tɕ&#039; k&#039; s&#039;] after consonants (in compounds)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but uo [uo] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but juk [jʊk] (沃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,d,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /ŋ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [jui] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no SR_, l_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所)&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [y] /ŋ,ʔ,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [y] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔ] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /K,S,nr,l_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /K,ʔ,l,S_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yo [jo] /y,TRSY,nr,ny_&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] /SR_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yo [jo] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /TSRY,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [y] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [y] /TR,SY,ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔ] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ou [ou] (數) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /K,S,l_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,S,SY,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /SR,dzy,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /P,l,SR,hj,K,ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yu [ju] /S,SY,ny,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuu [juː] /TR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but (u)o [uo] (措模) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (都)&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [ou] /P,T,S,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ng [ŋ̩] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] or o [o]&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wo [o] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四開&lt;br /&gt;
| iei&lt;br /&gt;
| ej&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ɐi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯äi-&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ʅ] /TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| jai [jɐi] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /S,TR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e [e] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [eː]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi-&lt;br /&gt;
| ajH&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but a [ɑ] (大)&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /n,S,K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (艾) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
| ia [iɑ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ie [iɛ] (蟹解邂懈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ʔ_: ai [ai] (矮隘) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or wa [uɑ] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (矮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and wa [wa] (娃)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ăi&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛj&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ai] (駭骸楷) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and a [ɑ] (尬) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ai-&lt;br /&gt;
| æjH&lt;br /&gt;
| ie [iɛ] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 咍一開&lt;br /&gt;
| âi&lt;br /&gt;
| oj&lt;br /&gt;
| ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ai] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uːi] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oi [ɔːi] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (猜態)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jojH&lt;br /&gt;
| (only ŋ-.) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| (only ŋ-.) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aai [aːi]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| ai [ai]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 齊四合&lt;br /&gt;
| iwei&lt;br /&gt;
| wej&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 祭三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wäi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)ejH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| wâi-&lt;br /&gt;
| wajH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 佳二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 皆二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wăi&lt;br /&gt;
| wɛj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 夬二合&lt;br /&gt;
| wai-&lt;br /&gt;
| wæjH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 灰一合&lt;br /&gt;
| uâi&lt;br /&gt;
| woj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 廢三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wɒi-&lt;br /&gt;
| jwojH&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 11&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 24&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 52&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 412&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 33&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 31&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 21&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 5&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 4&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34481</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34481"/>
		<updated>2008-07-24T13:07:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Resources */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This chart will use &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; on top of Baxter&#039;s notation to show that a certain condition applies only to the Ping tone (e.g. &amp;quot;zi1&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;zi but not ziX and ziH&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(迫畔叛佩僕譜圃瀑)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (秘)&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(編遍佩譜圃)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and m [m] (剝)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽怖)&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but b [p] (玻繽品怖)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅(w [w]) (戊)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but p [pʰ] (捧)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ (w [w]) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but m [m] (曼)&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (淡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and n [n] (鳥)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(挺艇特突袒慟)&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (鼕) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but t [tʰ] (袒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] (弄)&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (輟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (爹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (涿啄琢爹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but zh [tʂ] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (祉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (擇澤) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ch [tʂʰ] (澈) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (瞪)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (澈)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅(w [w]) (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅(w [w]) (諉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (雀挫)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (挫)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (緝竣)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (竣)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but d [t] (蹲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (攢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (萃悴瘁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (珊姍) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] (賜棲鞘粹) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(棲賽塞速賜肖鞘 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
燥噪)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ∅ (嶼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and c [tsʰ] in&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC zi1 (詞祠辭)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and MC zjuw1 (囚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(旋羨遂隧殉緒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(阻俎詛鄒責)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(策冊測惻廁篡)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and zh [tʂ] (錚)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but z [ts] (錚) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] (篡)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [ts] (岑) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (士事柿)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (潺愁崇)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (士事)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審生&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (產) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(灑澀縮瑟色嗇森)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (產刷杉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 照章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (捶)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ] (捶診疹)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and d [t] (盹)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 穿昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but sh [ʂ] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but s [s] (樞瀋)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 床船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (船乘唇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ] (神繩蛇)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 審書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ch [tʂʰ] (弛翅舂)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but c [tsʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(始弛矢設束翅奢) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and z [ts] (舂)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪常&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but r [ɻ] (瑞)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
_1: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tʂʰ] (most)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ʂ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(時匙誰韶殊裳)&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɻ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [aɚ]: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nye (兒爾邇) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyij (二貳) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
MC nyi (而耳餌)&lt;br /&gt;
| j [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(扛礦昆柯膾愧榷)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈)&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(概溉丐給汲冀規會 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
膾愧拘溝箍厥羯竭 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
訣決抉礦劊昆) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (梟懈)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (柯)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(隙恢詼墟溪)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or k [kʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(random?)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿鯨) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_234 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱饋)&lt;br /&gt;
| k [kʰ] /_1,&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (畿) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
g [k] /_34,&#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;2 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (匱)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(擬孽逆虐凝牛倪霓)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and g [k] (疙圪岌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and r [ɻ] (阮)&lt;br /&gt;
| ng [ŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (岌)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and h [x] (穢)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (娟)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but k [kʰ] (況)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰洽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (完皖莞肴螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
| h [x]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (迥)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (潰)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ng [ŋ] (肴)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ∅ (j [j]) (螢熒)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (彙彗雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but h [x] (雄熊)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 喻以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and k [kʰ] (鉛)&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but g [k] (捐)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ [∅]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split are&lt;br /&gt;
# All third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;hekou&#039;&#039; (合口) rimes&lt;br /&gt;
# The third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) and &#039;&#039;kaikou&#039;&#039; (開口) rimes of 東, 鍾, 尤&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes on omitted recent changes, ongoing changes, and allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;all&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* Onsets (usually 微, 疑, 影, 匣, 云, 以) whose reflexes in modern varieties are not consonantal (either zero or a glide: j, w etc.) are treated as having zero onset as far as possible, with the glide onsets being accounted for in the rime correspondence tables rather than in the onset correspendence table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Mandarin &amp;amp;mdash; Beijing&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
** g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Yue &amp;amp;mdash; Canton&#039;&#039;&#039; (Cantonese):&lt;br /&gt;
* Rimes beginning with [w] (or any other medial) do not need to appear in a synchronic analysis of Cantonese phonology, but they are used in the rime correspondence tables here in order to produce the following &amp;quot;pseudo-&amp;quot;changes and hence reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** [w] combines with [k] and [kʰ] to produce [kʷ] and [kʰʷ];&lt;br /&gt;
** [w] combines with [h] (coming from 溪 and 曉) to produce [f];&lt;br /&gt;
*** [h] (coming from 溪 and 曉) becomes [f] before a rime with nucleus [u];&lt;br /&gt;
** [h] (coming from 匣) disappears before [w];&lt;br /&gt;
*** [h] (coming from 匣) disappears before a rime with nucleus [u];&lt;br /&gt;
** [ŋ] disppears before [w];&lt;br /&gt;
*** [ŋ] disappears before a rime with nucleus [u];&lt;br /&gt;
*** The combination [ŋu] becomes [ŋ̩];&lt;br /&gt;
* [ŋ] also disappears before a rime with nucleus [i];&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] corresponding to Middle Chinese retroflex and palatal onsets, but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* The following changes are ongoing:&lt;br /&gt;
** n [n] &amp;gt; l [l] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ], ∅ &amp;gt; [ŋ ~ ∅] (onset)&lt;br /&gt;
** gw kw [kʷ kʰʷ] &amp;gt; g k [k kʰ] / _ong,ok [ɔːŋ ɔːk]&lt;br /&gt;
** ng k [ŋ k] &amp;gt; n t [n t] (coda)&lt;br /&gt;
** ng [ŋ̩] &amp;gt; m [m̩] (syllabic)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Japanese&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
** w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for &#039;&#039;&#039;Korean&#039;&#039;&#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* The following recent sound changes apply but are omitted to reduce clutter:&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
** ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ &lt;br /&gt;
** ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* TSR = TR,SR&lt;br /&gt;
* TSRY = TR,SR,SY&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /g_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (融) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x,ʔ,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
rong [ɻʊŋ] /y_1 (容) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ,y_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(incl. ʔ,y_ ) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K,P_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 冬一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 東三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 鍾三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yoku [yoku] /y_&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TSR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TSR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 江二開&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;LIT&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (朴) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;COL&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /TR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] (涿啄琢卓桌) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or ok [ɔːk] (擢濯) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (濁鐲) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
for /SR_: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ok [ɔːk] (朔欶) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] (捉)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三開&lt;br /&gt;
| ie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| j(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (碑卑被)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but aai [aːi] (徙璽) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (蟻) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,l,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)ij&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(悲美備眉湄媚魅)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ei [ei] (死四) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,d,P_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 之三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| i [ɿ,ʅ] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (廁) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
er [ɑɚ] /ny_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /S,TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K,nr,l,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (裏)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly o [o] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] /ʔ,hj,y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
i [i] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三開&lt;br /&gt;
| e̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY_)&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /ŋ,ʔ,hj,y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(none /S,TSRY,P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| e [e]&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 支三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wie̯&lt;br /&gt;
| jw(i)e&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 脂三合&lt;br /&gt;
| wi&lt;br /&gt;
| (j)wij&lt;br /&gt;
| uai [uai] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [uei] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but i [i] (遺季悸) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /ŋ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yui [yui] /y_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
| wi [i] /K_ incl. y_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ui [ui] /else&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微三合&lt;br /&gt;
| we̯i&lt;br /&gt;
| jwɨj&lt;br /&gt;
| ui [uei] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(no SR_, l_)&lt;br /&gt;
| wai [wɐi] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ai [ɐi] /ŋ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wei [wei] /m_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ei [ei] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but ai [ɐi] (沸費)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /ʔ,hj_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
we [e] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| i [i] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wi [i] /K_&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 魚三開&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wo&lt;br /&gt;
| jo&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] /TSRY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] /else &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but u [u] (廬蘆)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and uo [uo] (所)&lt;br /&gt;
| yu [y] /ŋ,ʔ,y,TR,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but eoi [ɵy] (除) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
o [ɔ] /SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eoi [ɵy] /K,S,nr,l_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 虞三合&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯u&lt;br /&gt;
| ju&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 模一開&lt;br /&gt;
| uo&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*P = MC unvoiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
*M = MC sonorant onset&lt;br /&gt;
*B = MC voiced obstruent onset&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 colspan = 2| Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Moiyen&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Wu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Suzhou&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese (?)&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 平 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ping&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
| 55&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 35&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 21&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 上 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Shang&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | :&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | X&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 214&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 4 | 51&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 or 22&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 去 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Qu&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | H&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 33&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 3 | 入 &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ru&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! P &lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 3 | ∅ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(-p,t,k)&lt;br /&gt;
| Random&lt;br /&gt;
| 55 (short) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
33 (long)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! M&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 51&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan = 2 | 22&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! B&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 35&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- | --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/ Japanese dictionary (old orthography lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34118</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34118"/>
		<updated>2008-07-19T03:13:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| hj&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split appear to be: 1) Third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) rime; 2) A &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;labialized&amp;quot; feature in the syllable (exact definition subject to debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony in reflexes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Mandarin Chinese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
* g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Cantonese:&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ], but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* /n/ is currently merging into /l/, as is /ŋ/ into the null initial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Japanese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
* w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,u,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Korean &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* ㄷ ㅌ [t tʰ] &amp;gt; ㅈ ㅊ [tɕ tɕʰ] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;gt; ㄴ [n] / #_ &lt;br /&gt;
* ㄴ [n] &amp;gt; ㅇ Ø / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TR_,SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TR_,SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| åk&lt;br /&gt;
| æwk&lt;br /&gt;
| literary:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
üe [yɛ] / K_ (not ʔ_) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but e [ɤ] (殼) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(u)o [uo] / else&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
colloquial: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iao [jau] / K_ (角殼)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ao [au] (剝雹)&lt;br /&gt;
| ok [ɔːk] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ak [ɐk] /ʔ_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oek [œːk] or ok [ɔːk]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
or uk [ʊk] /TR_,SR_ &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
| aku [aku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34090</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34090"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T11:42:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Yue &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /#_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split appear to be: 1) Third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) rime; 2) A &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;labialized&amp;quot; feature in the syllable (exact definition subject to debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony in reflexes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Mandarin Chinese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
* g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Cantonese:&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ], but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* /n/ is currently merging into /l/, as is /ŋ/ into the null initial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Japanese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
* w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,u,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TR_,SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TR_,SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34089</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34089"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T11:36:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&amp;quot;c&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /#_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split appear to be: 1) Third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) rime; 2) A &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;labialized&amp;quot; feature in the syllable (exact definition subject to debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony in reflexes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Mandarin Chinese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
* g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Cantonese:&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ], but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* /n/ is currently merging into /l/, as is /ŋ/ into the null initial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Japanese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
* w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,u,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TR_,SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TR_,SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Footnotes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34088</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34088"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T11:04:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 3 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Karlgren&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;karlgren&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Bernhard Karlgren|]], also known as 高本漢.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Baxter&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;baxter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/ William Baxter].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! IPA&amp;lt;ref id=&amp;quot;panwuyun&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Values suggested by Pan Wuyun (潘悟雲).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| [fʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| [v]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_[a,je,jo,il] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɱ]&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʈʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɖʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɳ]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| [dz]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʐʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʐ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
| [dʑ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
| [ȵ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
| [kʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
| [g]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| [ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| [ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [ɦj]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
| [j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split appear to be: 1) Third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) rime; 2) A &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;labialized&amp;quot; feature in the syllable (exact definition subject to debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony in reflexes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Mandarin Chinese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
* g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Cantonese:&lt;br /&gt;
* Up until the early 20th century, Cantonese had alveolo-palatal sibilants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ], but these have since merged into the plain alveolar sibilants /ts tsʰ s/.&lt;br /&gt;
* /ts tsʰ s/ may be pronounced palatalized, especially before the front high vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
* /n/ is currently merging into /l/, as is /ŋ/ into the null initial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Japanese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
* w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,u,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TR_,SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TR_,SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34087</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34087"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T10:20:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Onset&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
| sh [ʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;amp;mdash; The onsets 非敷奉微 split from 幫滂並明 sometime between Early and Late Middle Chinese, and this split is reflected in most Chinese varieties as an opposition between labiodentals and bilabials. The conditions for the split appear to be: 1) Third-&#039;&#039;deng&#039;&#039; (等) rime; 2) A &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;labialized&amp;quot; feature in the syllable (exact definition subject to debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony in reflexes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Mandarin Chinese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* z c s [ts tsʰ s] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
* g k h [k kʰ x] &amp;gt; j q x [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] / _[i,j,y,ɥ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note for Japanese &amp;amp;mdash; The following rules also apply:&lt;br /&gt;
* t d s z n h [t d s z n h] &amp;gt; ch j sh j n h [tɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ ç] / _[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
* t d h [t d h] &amp;gt; ts z f [ts z ɸ] / _[u]&lt;br /&gt;
* w [w] &amp;gt; 0 /_[i,u,e,o]&lt;br /&gt;
* /g/ may be pronounced [ŋ] intervocalically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 江（二等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ång&lt;br /&gt;
| æwng&lt;br /&gt;
| iang [jɑŋ] / K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: ang [ɑŋ] (扛缸港) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uang [wɑŋ] /TR_,SR_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ang [ɑŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ɔːŋ] /K_,P_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oeng [œːŋ] /TR_,SR_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| au [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html Middle Chinese pronunciation dictionary]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Talk:Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34080</id>
		<title>Talk:Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Talk:Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34080"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T05:57:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: New page: Unfortunately I do not have the data for Middle Korean. Linguoboy might. - ~~~~&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Unfortunately I do not have the data for Middle Korean. Linguoboy might. - [[User:Zhen Lin|振霖]]&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;[[User talk:Zhen Lin|T]]&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; 05:57, 18 July 2008 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34077</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34077"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T05:30:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 來&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 從&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 莊&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| tsr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsrh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dzr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| sr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| zr&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
| tsy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsyh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| zy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| sy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| dzy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| s [s]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sh [ɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [z]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [ʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 溪&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| Ø&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;y [j]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 曉&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| g [ɡ]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| k [k]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 以&lt;br /&gt;
| ∅&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影云以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /S_,SY_,P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /l_,m_&lt;br /&gt;
| iku [iku] /K_,TR_,ny_,l_&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
yuku [juku] /S_,SY_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uku [uku] /P_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
oku [oku] /m_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| yoku [joku]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34071</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34071"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T01:36:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */ Should we also add a column for Middle Korean?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 来&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 従&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 庄&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅈ [tɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅊ [tɕʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅅ [s]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 渓&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄱ [k]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 暁&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅎ [h]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 以&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| y&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅇ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34070</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34070"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T01:24:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: /* Onsets */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 来&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] /#_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ /_[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 清&lt;br /&gt;
| ts&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| tsh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 従&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dz&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 心&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
| z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 庄&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 初&lt;br /&gt;
| tṣ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 崇&lt;br /&gt;
| dẓ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 山&lt;br /&gt;
| ṣ&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 俟&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 章&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 昌&lt;br /&gt;
| tś&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 船&lt;br /&gt;
| dź&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 書&lt;br /&gt;
| ś&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 禪&lt;br /&gt;
| ź&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 日&lt;br /&gt;
| ńź&lt;br /&gt;
| ny&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 渓&lt;br /&gt;
| k&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| kh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 群&lt;br /&gt;
| g&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 疑&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
| ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 暁&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 匣&lt;br /&gt;
| ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 云&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 以&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34069</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34069"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T00:49:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅍ [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅂ [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅁ [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 来&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| l [l]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| r [ɺ]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄹ [ɾ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㄴ [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅇ / _[i,j] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㅌ [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄷ [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| ㄴ [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 日&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 精&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 清&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 従&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 心&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 邪&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 照&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 穿&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 牀&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 審&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 禅&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 見&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 渓&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 群&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 疑&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 影&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 暁&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 喩&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34068</id>
		<title>Chinese sound correspondences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Chinese_sound_correspondences&amp;diff=34068"/>
		<updated>2008-07-18T00:32:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Korean correspondences taken from the Japanese Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Onsets ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 1 = Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 2 = Shang tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 3 = Qu tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 4 = Ru tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1a = Yin Ping tone&lt;br /&gt;
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 幫&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 滂&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 並&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 明&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 非*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 敷*&lt;br /&gt;
| p&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| ph&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| p [pʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
b [p] /_ak etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 奉*&lt;br /&gt;
| b&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
| f [f]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| h [h]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [p] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 微*&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| w [w]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
| b [b]&lt;br /&gt;
| m [m]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 端&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 透&lt;br /&gt;
| t&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| th&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 定&lt;br /&gt;
| d&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| d&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
d [t] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 泥&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 知&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&lt;br /&gt;
| tr&lt;br /&gt;
| zh [tʂ]&lt;br /&gt;
| z [ts]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 徹&lt;br /&gt;
| t̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| trh&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [tʰ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 澄&lt;br /&gt;
| d̂&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| dr&lt;br /&gt;
| ch [tʂʰ] /_1 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
zh [tʂ] /_234&lt;br /&gt;
| c [tsʰ] /_12 &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
z [ts] /_(2)34&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| t [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [t] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 娘&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
| nr&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
n [ɲ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| d [d] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]&lt;br /&gt;
| n [n]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rimes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* P = MC labial (幫滂並明)&lt;br /&gt;
* T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)&lt;br /&gt;
* TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)&lt;br /&gt;
* S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)&lt;br /&gt;
* SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)&lt;br /&gt;
* SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)&lt;br /&gt;
* K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 通攝 Tong She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Rime&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Middle Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Mandarin &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Beijing&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Yue &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Canton&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Minnan &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Taiwan&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Hakka&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan = 2 | Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan = 2 | Korean&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Karlgren&lt;br /&gt;
! Baxter&lt;br /&gt;
! Go-On&lt;br /&gt;
! Kan-On&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| ung&lt;br /&gt;
| uwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some uu [uː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uong&lt;br /&gt;
| owng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(does not occur /P_)&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| o [o] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
some ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
| ou [oː]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯ung&lt;br /&gt;
| juwng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wong&lt;br /&gt;
| jowng&lt;br /&gt;
| ong [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
eng [ɤŋ] /P_&lt;br /&gt;
| ung [ʊŋ] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| yuu [juː], yu [ju] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
u [u], uu [uː]/K_&lt;br /&gt;
| you [joː] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [oː]/P_&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uk&lt;br /&gt;
| uwk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 冬（一等）&lt;br /&gt;
| uok&lt;br /&gt;
| owk&lt;br /&gt;
| u [u]&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
| oku [oku]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 東（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯uk&lt;br /&gt;
| juwk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
iu [jou] (宿六) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uo [uo] (縮) &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 鍾（三等）&lt;br /&gt;
| i̯wok&lt;br /&gt;
| jowk&lt;br /&gt;
| mostly u [u] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and ü [y] /K_ &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
but: &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ü [y] (續綠)&lt;br /&gt;
| uk [ʊk] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 江攝 Jiang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 止攝 Zhi She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 遇攝 Yu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 蟹攝 Xie She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 臻攝 Zhen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 山攝 Shan She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 效攝 Xiao She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 果攝 Guo She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 假攝 Jia She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 宕攝 Dang She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 梗攝 Geng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 曾攝 Ceng She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 流攝 Liu She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 深攝 Shen She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 咸攝 Xian She ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tones ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Middle Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xiang.free.fr/leiden-en.pdf Introduction to historical Chinese phonology] (PDF)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.eastling.org/tdfweb/midage.aspx Middle Chinese lookup tool]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancinicomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/phon/ancfincomp.php Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geocities.com/sgoertzen/Chinese/mcb5.htm Baxter&#039;s Middle Chinese spelling]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/206gyr01.htm Middle Chinese rime characters] (Ignores Chongniu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern Chinese ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://xh.5156edu.com/html3/11403.html Putonghua lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://140.111.34.46/newDict/dict/index.html Guoyu lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chineselanguage.org/dictionaries/ccdict/ Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ Cantonese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://203.64.42.21/iug/ungian/SoannTeng/chil/taihoa.asp Taiwanese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sino-Xenic ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://ja.wiktionary.org/ Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hanja.naver.com/ Hanja lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/dang.tk/langues/hanviet.htm Sino-Vietnamese lookup]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other correspondence lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=32479</id>
		<title>User:Zhen Lin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=32479"/>
		<updated>2008-06-08T03:49:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* Ndak Ta &lt;br /&gt;
** Southwestern Ndak Ta (Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
*** Adāta (Southwestern Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
**** Common Vulgar Adāta&lt;br /&gt;
***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/ayasthi/ Ayāsthi]&lt;br /&gt;
***** Adháta&lt;br /&gt;
****** E&#039;át &lt;br /&gt;
******* Yhát&lt;br /&gt;
******** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/erhadzy/ Erhadzy] (Anatolionesian Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Fëgáī (Western Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Sámote (Eastern Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Āluanmijá (Southern Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/mavakhalan Mavakhalan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(See also: [[Edastean languages]])&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=31002</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=31002"/>
		<updated>2008-05-02T15:07:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body {&lt;br /&gt;
  font-family: Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, Thryomanes, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Cardo, Free Sans, Junicode, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;&lt;br /&gt;
  font-family /**/:inherit;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* Firefox&#039;s default table style looks like &lt;br /&gt;
   an obituary notice, so we have to make it&lt;br /&gt;
   more wiki-like */&lt;br /&gt;
table, th, td { border-style: hidden; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* prevent ugly horizontal page expansion */&lt;br /&gt;
/* stolen from mediawiki.org */&lt;br /&gt;
pre { overflow: auto; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.IPA {&lt;br /&gt;
  font-family: Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, Thryomanes, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Cardo, Free Sans, Junicode, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;&lt;br /&gt;
  font-family /**/:inherit;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* Medieval Unicode Font Initiative see &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.mufi.info/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;MUFI&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; /*&lt;br /&gt;
.MUFI {&lt;br /&gt;
  font-family: &amp;quot;Andron Scriptor Web&amp;quot;, Cardo, Junicode;&lt;br /&gt;
  /*font-family /**/:inherit;*/&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.sans {font-family: sans-serif;}&lt;br /&gt;
.red {color: red;}&lt;br /&gt;
.small {font-size: x-small;}&lt;br /&gt;
.smallcaps {font-variant: small-caps;}&lt;br /&gt;
.sc{font-variant: small-caps;}&lt;br /&gt;
.big {font-size: large;}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.morpho-label {font-variant: small-caps;}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* .grayout { background-color: gray; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.align-top-left th {&lt;br /&gt;
   vertical-align: top;&lt;br /&gt;
   text-align: left;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
.align-top-left td {&lt;br /&gt;
   vertical-align: top;&lt;br /&gt;
   text-align: left;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable, .graytable {&lt;br /&gt;
  border-collapse: collapse;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .bg1, .blueinfobox .bg1, .lightbluebg { background: #f8f8ff; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .bg1, .grayinfobox .bg1, .lightgraybg { background: #f8f8f8; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.blueborder { border: 1px solid #88a; }&lt;br /&gt;
.grayborder { border: 1px solid #999; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .bg2, .blueinfobox .bg2 { background: #eef; }&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .bg3, .blueinfobox .bg3 { background: #ddf; }&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .bg4, .blueinfobox .bg4 { background: #ccf; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .bg2, .grayinfobox .bg2 { background: #f0f0f0; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .bg3, .grayinfobox .bg3 { background: #e1e1e1; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .bg4, .grayinfobox .bg4 { background: #d2d2d2; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable, .graytable, .blueinfobox, .grayinfobox { border-collapse: collapse; }&lt;br /&gt;
.blueinfobox, .grayinfobox { &lt;br /&gt;
	float: right;&lt;br /&gt;
	margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
.blueinfobox { background: #f8f8ff; }&lt;br /&gt;
.grayinfobox { background: #f8f8f8; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable, .blueinfobox { border: 1px solid #88a; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable, .grayinfobox { border: 1px solid #999; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable td, .bluetable th, .blueinfobox td, .blueinfobox th { border: 1px solid #88a; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable td, .graytable th, .graytable td, .graytable th { border: 1px solid #999; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable td, .bluetable th, .graytable td, .graytable th, &lt;br /&gt;
.blueinfobox td, .blueinfobox th, .graytable td, .graytable th { padding: 2px; }&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable td, .bluetable th, .blueinfobox td, .blueinfobox th { border: 1px solid #88a; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable td, .graytable th, .grayinfobox td, .grayinfobox th { border: 1px solid #999; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable th { background: #ccf; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable th { background: #d2d2d2; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable th:first-child, .graytable th:first-child, .blueinfobox th, .grayinfobox th { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .divider, .blueinfobox .divider, .bluetable .header, .blueinfobox .header,&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .divider, .grayinfobox .divider, .graytable .header, .grayinfobox .header { text-align: center !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
.bluetable .header, .bluetable .divider, .blueinfobox .header { background: #ccf; }&lt;br /&gt;
.graytable .header, .graytable .divider, .grayinfobox .header { background: #d2d2d2; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.blueinfobox .divider { background: #eef; }&lt;br /&gt;
.grayinfobox .divider { background: #f0f0f0; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.l { text-align: left; }&lt;br /&gt;
.c { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
.r { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.t td, .t th { vertical-align: top; }&lt;br /&gt;
.m td, .m th { vertical-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
.b td, .b th { vertical-align: bottom; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
table.bordertable {&lt;br /&gt;
	border-width: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-spacing: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	padding: 4px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-style: solid;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-color: #aaa;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-collapse: collapse; &lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
table.bordertable td, table.bordertable th {&lt;br /&gt;
	border-width: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-spacing: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	padding: 4px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-style: solid;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-color: #aaa;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
table.gridtable {&lt;br /&gt;
	border-width: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-spacing: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-style: solid;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-color: #aaa;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-collapse: collapse;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
table.gridtable th {&lt;br /&gt;
	border-width: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	padding: 4px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-style: solid;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-color: #aaa;&lt;br /&gt;
	background-color: #eee;&lt;br /&gt;
        vertical-align: top&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
table.gridtable td {&lt;br /&gt;
	border-width: 1px;&lt;br /&gt;
	padding: 4px;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-style: solid;&lt;br /&gt;
	border-color: #aaa;&lt;br /&gt;
	background-color: white;&lt;br /&gt;
        vertical-align: top&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
table.voweltable td { text-align: center;&lt;br /&gt;
        vertical-align: middle;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
table.voweltable th { text-align: left;&lt;br /&gt;
        vertical-align: middle;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/*Add formatting to make sure that &amp;quot;external references&amp;quot; from [[Template:Ref]] do&lt;br /&gt;
  not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The mechanism up to MediaWiki 1.4 was&lt;br /&gt;
  that the HTML code contained a SPAN following the anchor A; this SPAN had the class&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;urlexpansion&amp;quot;, which was not displayed on screen, but was shown when the medium was&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;print&amp;quot;. The rules below ensure (a) that there is no extra padding to the right of&lt;br /&gt;
  the anchor (displayed as &amp;quot;[&amp;lt;number&amp;gt;]&amp;quot;), (b) that there is no &amp;quot;external link arrow&amp;quot; for&lt;br /&gt;
  the link, and (c) that this SPAN of class &amp;quot;urlexpansion&amp;quot; is never shown.&lt;br /&gt;
  ~~~~&lt;br /&gt;
*/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.plainlinksneverexpand {&lt;br /&gt;
  background: none ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
  padding: 0 ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.plainlinksneverexpand .urlexpansion {&lt;br /&gt;
  display: none ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* Make sure that ext links displayed within &amp;quot;plainlinksneverexpand&amp;quot; don&#039;t get&lt;br /&gt;
   the arrow...&lt;br /&gt;
*/&lt;br /&gt;
.plainlinksneverexpand a {&lt;br /&gt;
   background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
   padding: 0 !important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* With MediaWiki 1.5, the mechanism has changed: instead of a SPAN of class &amp;quot;urlexpansion&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
   following the anchor A, the anchor itself now has class &amp;quot;external autonumber&amp;quot; and the&lt;br /&gt;
   expansion is inserted when printing (see the common printing style sheet at&lt;br /&gt;
   http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css) using the &amp;quot;:after&amp;quot; pseudo-&lt;br /&gt;
   element of CSS. We have to switch this off for links due to Template:Ref!&lt;br /&gt;
   ~~~~&lt;br /&gt;
*/&lt;br /&gt;
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {&lt;br /&gt;
  display: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.autonumber:after {&lt;br /&gt;
  display: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.reference { font-family: sans-serif ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
 font-weight: normal ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
 font-style: normal ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
 text-decoration: none ! important;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* Make charinsert links not underlined */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
p.charinsert &amp;gt; a, span.charinsert &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.charinsert &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.charinsert &amp;gt; p &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.charinsert &amp;gt; span &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
p.insertchar &amp;gt; a, span.insertchar &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.insertchar &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.insertchar &amp;gt; p &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
div.insertchar &amp;gt; span &amp;gt; a { text-decoration: none ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
table.aligntop  td, table.aligntop  th {vertical-align: top ! important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
span.nobreak	{ white-space: nowrap;}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
span.gloss[title] { border-bottom-width: thin;&lt;br /&gt;
border-bottom-style: dashed;&lt;br /&gt;
border-bottom-color: #999;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Edit&amp;diff=31001</id>
		<title>Template:Edit</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Edit&amp;diff=31001"/>
		<updated>2008-05-02T15:02:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: New page: &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;noprint plainlinks&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[ [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] ]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;noprint plainlinks&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[ [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] ]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=26608</id>
		<title>User:Zhen Lin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=26608"/>
		<updated>2007-11-07T16:34:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* Ndak Ta &lt;br /&gt;
** Southwestern Ndak Ta (Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
*** Adāta (Southwestern Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
**** Common Vulgar Adāta&lt;br /&gt;
***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/ayasthi/ Ayāsthi]&lt;br /&gt;
***** Adháta&lt;br /&gt;
****** E&#039;át &lt;br /&gt;
******* Yhát&lt;br /&gt;
******** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/erhadzy/ Erhadzy] (Anatolionesian Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Fëgáī (Western Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Sámote (Eastern Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Āluanmijá (Southern Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/mavakhalan Mavakhalan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(See also: [http://wiki.penguindeskjob.com/Edastean_languages])&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=20272</id>
		<title>User:Zhen Lin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=20272"/>
		<updated>2007-03-18T01:35:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: New page: * Ndak Ta  ** Southwestern Ndak Ta (Edastean) *** Adāta (Southwestern Edastean) **** Common Vulgar Adāta ***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/ayasth/ Ayāsth] ***** Adháta ****** E&amp;#039;á...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* Ndak Ta &lt;br /&gt;
** Southwestern Ndak Ta (Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
*** Adāta (Southwestern Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
**** Common Vulgar Adāta&lt;br /&gt;
***** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/ayasth/ Ayāsth]&lt;br /&gt;
***** Adháta&lt;br /&gt;
****** E&#039;át &lt;br /&gt;
******* Yhát&lt;br /&gt;
******** [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/erhadzy/ Erhadzy] (Anatolionesian Edastean)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Fëgáī (Western Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Sámote (Eastern Erhadzy)&lt;br /&gt;
********* Āluanmijá (Southern Erhadzy)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Frown&amp;diff=8322</id>
		<title>Template talk:Frown</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Frown&amp;diff=8322"/>
		<updated>2006-04-03T15:09:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I didn&#039;t know template names could be non-alphabetic!  Anyway the redirect doesn&#039;t seem to work... [[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 10:50, 31 March 2006 (PST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, I just realised a problem with the title - &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{:-)}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; would actually include [[-)]], not [[Template::-)]]... - [[User:Zhen Lin|振霖]]&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;[[User talk:Zhen Lin|T]]&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; 08:09, 3 April 2006 (PDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Frowney&amp;diff=8265</id>
		<title>Template:Frowney</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Frowney&amp;diff=8265"/>
		<updated>2006-03-31T11:30:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Template:Frowney moved to Template::-(: Something more memorable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[Template::-(]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Frown&amp;diff=8264</id>
		<title>Template:Frown</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Frown&amp;diff=8264"/>
		<updated>2006-03-31T11:30:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Template:Frowney moved to Template::-(&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:large&amp;quot;&amp;gt;☹&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Smiley&amp;diff=8262</id>
		<title>Template:Smiley</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Smiley&amp;diff=8262"/>
		<updated>2006-03-31T11:30:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Template:Smiley moved to Template::-)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:large&amp;quot;&amp;gt;☺&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Talk:Comentary_Conlanging&amp;diff=8159</id>
		<title>Talk:Comentary Conlanging</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Talk:Comentary_Conlanging&amp;diff=8159"/>
		<updated>2006-03-25T12:16:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Isn&#039;t it Com&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;entary?&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=7922</id>
		<title>User talk:Zhen Lin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Zhen_Lin&amp;diff=7922"/>
		<updated>2006-03-15T22:39:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Template:Fn ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How does Template:Fn work? [[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 10:49, 15 March 2006 (PST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In conjunction with &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{fnb}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, of course.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This statement is true.{{fn|footnote-id}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{fnb|footnote-id}} Actually false.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Gerunds&amp;diff=7105</id>
		<title>Gerunds</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Gerunds&amp;diff=7105"/>
		<updated>2006-02-18T02:40:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Gerunds moved to Gerunds in Silindion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[Gerunds in Silindion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Gerunds_in_Silindion&amp;diff=7104</id>
		<title>Gerunds in Silindion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Gerunds_in_Silindion&amp;diff=7104"/>
		<updated>2006-02-18T02:40:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Gerunds moved to Gerunds in Silindion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==&#039;&#039;&#039;Gerunds&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Silindion, there are six different gerunds, which are mostly used to indicate the relation of one action to the action of the main verb. The action may be either be coinciding with the main verb or anterior to it. The action may be why the main verb is done, that is, a purpose clause. These are the sorts of relations that the gerund can express in Silindion. There types of gerunds are the following, nominal, anterior, abessive, anterior, conjunctive, necessitive, adjectival. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&#039;&#039;&#039;Nominal Gerund&#039;&#039;&#039;===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The nominal gerund is formed by adding the ending &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;-na&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  to the stem of the verb. For vowel stems this is not a major obstactle, as the following examples show:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;mi-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to fall&amp;quot;   -&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;mina&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;falling&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;yalma-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to harp&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;yalmana&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;harping&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;lissu-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to live&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;lissuna&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;living&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The nominal gerund is a &#039;&#039;d_stem&#039;&#039; in vowel verbs like this. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For consonant verbs, there are some consonant assimilations that take place when the gerund ending is added. &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
{| border = 1&lt;br /&gt;
! Stem Type&lt;br /&gt;
! Assimilation&lt;br /&gt;
! Example &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;T-STEMS&#039;&#039;  &lt;br /&gt;
|  -t+na -&amp;gt; -nta &lt;br /&gt;
|   &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;pet-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;penta&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;eating&amp;quot;     (an &#039;&#039;a-stem&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;D-STEMS&#039;&#039;  &lt;br /&gt;
|  -d+na -&amp;gt; -nda &lt;br /&gt;
|   &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;sid-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to sit&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;sinda&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;sitting&amp;quot;    (an &#039;&#039;a-stem&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;N-STEMS&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
|  -n+na -&amp;gt; -nna &lt;br /&gt;
|   &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;lin-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to play&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;linna&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;playing&amp;quot;   (a &#039;&#039;d-stem&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;P-STEMS&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|  -p+na -&amp;gt; -mpa &lt;br /&gt;
|  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nep-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to sing&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nempa&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;singing&amp;quot;   (an &#039;&#039;a-stem&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The nominal gerund is normally used as a noun, and may take case endings, which are either &#039;&#039;d-stem&#039;&#039; endings or &#039;&#039;a-stem&#039;&#039; endings. An example of its usage is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ahwateisi liu pentan&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;I have just finished eating&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;pentan&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;pet-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conjunctive Genitive===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This genitive is used to express events that occur simultaneously with the main verb, that is, it can translate clauses beginning with &amp;quot;while&amp;quot;. It can also have the circumstantial connotations, likes &amp;quot;since&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;because&amp;quot;. It is formed by adding the prefix &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;i-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; to the nominal gerund stem. With verbs beginning in a vowel, the prefix becomes the &#039;&#039;on-glide&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;y-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;til-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to see&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;issilda&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;while seeing&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;empi-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to chant&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;yempina&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;while chanting&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In its simultaneous function, it is often accompanied by the conjunction &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ve&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;as&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:  &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;isompa, en filiello iss&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;because he&#039;s sleeping, he can&#039;t come here&amp;quot; (circumstantial)&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ve yempina, rophone i niman&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;as he was singing, he was watching the crowd&amp;quot; (simultaneous)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the examples show, it is essentially timeless, and can show simultaneous or circumstantial action in the present, past or future.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abessive Genitive===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This genitive is used to express events that have not occured. It is used as the negative of both the anterior gerund and the conjunctive genitive. It is usually translated by &amp;quot;without&amp;quot;. It is formed by adding the prefix &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;en-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; to the nominal gerund stem. This prefix assimilates to verbs beginning in l, s, p, f, v, m, and r, other wise it stays the same as the underlying form.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;lissu-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to live&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;        &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ellissuna&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without living&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;sat-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to raise up&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;      &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;essanta&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without raising up&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;pay-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to be vigilant&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;   &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;empaina&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without being vigilant&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;fat-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to do&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;            &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;efanta&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without doing&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;vuk-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to weave&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;         &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;evunka&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without weaving&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;mew-&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to glitter&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;      &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;emmeuna&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without glittering&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;runi-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to soar&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;         &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;errunina&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without soaring&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;til-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;to see&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;          &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;entilda&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without seeing&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;del-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;to bundle&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;endelda&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without bundling&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;yat-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt;  &amp;quot;to happen&amp;quot; -&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;enyanta&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without happening&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nalpin-&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to play piano&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ennalpinna&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;without playing piano&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Case_Usages&amp;diff=7066</id>
		<title>Case Usages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Case_Usages&amp;diff=7066"/>
		<updated>2006-02-17T16:35:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Case Usages moved to Case Usages in Silindion: Merge, part II&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[Case Usages in Silindion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Case_Usages_in_Silindion&amp;diff=7065</id>
		<title>Case Usages in Silindion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Case_Usages_in_Silindion&amp;diff=7065"/>
		<updated>2006-02-17T16:35:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Case Usages moved to Case Usages in Silindion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Silindion Case Usage:&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Nominative&#039;&#039;: indicates the subject of a verb. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Accusative&#039;&#039;: indicates the object of a verb. It also indicates motion through a place or time, and is used with prepositions such as ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;ono&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;through&amp;quot;, ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;pero&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;across&amp;quot; or ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;erë&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;during&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Genitive&#039;&#039;: indicates the possessor. It is also used with various prepositions, such as ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;ess&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;inside of&amp;quot; or ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;omë&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;because of&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Dative&#039;&#039;: indicates the indirect object and the person or thing for which an action is done. The last usage is called the Benefactive use, and, in Old, Middle and some High Silindion texts, is indicated by adding an extra ‹-r› to the dative ending. &lt;br /&gt;
Example: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nistanu&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to the king&amp;quot; (dative)  =&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nistanur&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;for the king&amp;quot; (benefactive). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Ablative&#039;&#039;: indicates separation, and is mostly used to translate &#039;from&#039;. It is used with prepositions such as ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;ka&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;away from&amp;quot; or ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;eis&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;from out, out of&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Locative&#039;&#039;: indicates place. It is used with prepositions such as ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;in&amp;quot;, ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;at&amp;quot;, ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;emë&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;on&amp;quot;, ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;eiva[n]&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;within&amp;quot;, ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;ina&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;near&amp;quot; and many others. Metaphorically it also indicates time, and thus is used with prepositions like ‹nor› &amp;quot;before&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Allative&#039;&#039;: indicates motion towards a place. It is used with prepositions like ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;noro&#039;&#039;&#039;› &#039;towards&#039; or ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;noss&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;into&amp;quot;. It is also used as the animate agent in passive sentences. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Comitative&#039;&#039;: means &#039;together with&#039;. If two or more nouns are animate, they may be connected by adding the comitative suffix to the last noun. Example: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;pëa mëamma&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;a father and a mother&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Instrumental&#039;&#039;: indicates the instrument with which something is done, or how something is done. Thus it means both &#039;using X&#039; and &#039;by doing X&#039;. It also indicates what something is made out of. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Copulative&#039;&#039;: is attached to a noun or interrogative pronoun to form sentences meaning &#039;X = Y&#039;. Example: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;i nar lavando&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;the man is a hunter&amp;quot;. It is only used to link two [pro]nouns together, not a [pro]noun with an adjective.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Essive&#039;&#039;: is attached to a predicate nominative or interrogative pronoun to form sentences meaning &#039;It = Y&#039;. That is, when the predicate nominative is the only element present. It is mostly used with a definite predicate, although indefinite predicates may occur as well. Example: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;kirmeihya&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;it is my ship&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;kirma&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;ship&amp;quot;). The essive also means &#039;as&#039; or &#039;when&#039;, such as in the following sentence, &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nópië, asui Eril nëa némpian niva&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;as a poet, Eril created many beautiful poems&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nopio&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;poet&amp;quot;). Finally, in Poetic High Silindion only, the essive may be used to derive an adjective from a noun. However, in Low Silindion this is done with the adjectival. In some poems, the essive seems to have the same meaning as the relative, depending on translation. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Relative/Topical&#039;&#039;: indicates the topic of the sentence. In this sense, it can be translated as &#039;as for X&#039; or &#039;about X&#039;. Most of the time however, the relative is used to derive an adjective meaning &#039;X-like&#039;, such as the word ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;rilitma&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;jewel-like&amp;quot;. The relative is also used to mean &#039;as X&#039;, after an equative adjective. Another use of the relative is to mean &#039;but&#039; after the conjunction ‹&#039;&#039;&#039;në&#039;&#039;&#039;› &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;. However, this use is restricted to sentences of the form &#039;X, but as for Y&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
Example: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ihyotma, ë niva, në tahyotma, ië núkil&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;today, (it) is beautiful, but (as for) yesterday, (it) was cloudy&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;tahyón&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;yesterday&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Adjectival&#039;&#039;: derives an adjective from a noun. Mostly the meaning is transparent, such as in&#039;&#039;&#039; the following examples: &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;vierya émëa&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;forest paths, paths of the forest&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ema&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;forest&amp;quot;), &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nerendo núkëa&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;wilderness dweller, dweller in the wilderness&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;nuko&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;wilderness&amp;quot;). However, sometimes the meaning is not that obvious, such as in the following examples: &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;silnëa&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;silver&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;silni&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;star&amp;quot;), &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ilië&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;holy&amp;quot; (&amp;lt;- &amp;lt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ilë&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;gt; &amp;quot;god&amp;quot;).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Bluetable&amp;diff=6639</id>
		<title>Template:Bluetable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Bluetable&amp;diff=6639"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:50:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;style=&amp;quot;{{{1}}}&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;bluetable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6638</id>
		<title>Template:Graytable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6638"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:50:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;style=&amp;quot;{{{1}}}&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;graytable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=6637</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=6637"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:50:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Greytable&amp;diff=6636</id>
		<title>Template:Greytable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Greytable&amp;diff=6636"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:40:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Template:Greytable moved to Template:Graytable&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[Template:Graytable]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6635</id>
		<title>Template:Graytable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6635"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:40:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Template:Greytable moved to Template:Graytable&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid #999; border-collapse: collapse; {{{1}}}&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;graytable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6634</id>
		<title>Template:Graytable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Graytable&amp;diff=6634"/>
		<updated>2006-02-12T03:40:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid #999; border-collapse: collapse; {{{1}}}&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;graytable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Redlands_Saga&amp;diff=6524</id>
		<title>Redlands Saga</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Redlands_Saga&amp;diff=6524"/>
		<updated>2006-01-27T08:39:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A chain of stories written by a hidden writer in the 1600s, they tell of adventure, drama, and fantasy. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Beginning ==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Once upon a city called [[Metro City]] that was settled in 1655 under the Dutch name &#039;&#039;Oud Kamperende Grond&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;Old Camping Ground&amp;quot; the Dutch had to camp there as they were trying to maintain their territories. They say the Dutch were magical people who were part of a secret society called Bevrijd Denkers Vereniging meaning &amp;quot;Free Thinkers Guild&amp;quot; who practiced the arts of the Knights of the Old World also called Ridders van het Ouderwetse the name Ridder was a noun for a member of this group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once upon a colony in Delaware called [[New Netherlands]] a group of [[Dutch Knights]] called Ridders fought the Devil and his evil forces. Then one day a Ridder decided to fight Faust the Evil One who tampered with the forces of evil and his soul was damned to Hell. The Ridder who was named Jaan Van Ridderschap went to the Knickerbockers to get some weapons for the defense of the colony. Then Jaan went to New Amsterdam and purchased a bottle of holy water and a cross of Jesus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Knights were thought to be ancesters of the Giddite Order, and their code they written in was lost and then found. Some linked them to the German Knights who planned to fight the real witches of New England but were ousted by the English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Rise of Hissler ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hissler]], the most evil person to ever live hunted the Ridders and their student. But the Ridders had a suprise party for him which they poisoned him with the most toxic tonic that was ever made. But [[Hissler]] was again sent out of Hell to finish the job but the [[Ridder]]s had God and Jesus on their side. Then Hissler saw that he was outnumbered but fought anyway with all the Darkest Power he had but was cast into his own prison as the Earth swallowed him whole.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Redlands Saga|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6095</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6095"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:50:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Note to self: put @import rules at the top, not anywhere else.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
@import url(&amp;quot;/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;amp;action=raw&amp;amp;ctype=text/css&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body, #globalWrapper { font-family: inherit !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {&lt;br /&gt;
    background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6094</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6094"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:45:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Oops, wrong URL&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body, #globalWrapper { font-family: inherit !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {&lt;br /&gt;
    background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@import url(&amp;quot;/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;amp;action=raw&amp;amp;ctype=text/css&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6093</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6093"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:45:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body, #globalWrapper { font-family: inherit !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {&lt;br /&gt;
    background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@import url(&amp;quot;/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;amp;action=raw&amp;amp;ctype=text/css&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6092</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6092"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:43:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body, #globalWrapper { font-family: inherit !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {&lt;br /&gt;
    background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@import &amp;quot;/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;amp;action=raw&amp;amp;ctype=text/css&amp;amp;smaxage=18000&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6091</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;diff=6091"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:43:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
body, #globalWrapper { font-family: inherit !important; }&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {&lt;br /&gt;
    background: none !important;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@import /index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;amp;action=raw&amp;amp;ctype=text/css&amp;amp;smaxage=18000&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* &amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; */&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Templates&amp;diff=6090</id>
		<title>Templates</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Templates&amp;diff=6090"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:41:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Templates moved to FrathWiki:Templates: Meta-stuff.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#redirect [[FrathWiki:Templates]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=FrathWiki:Templates&amp;diff=6089</id>
		<title>FrathWiki:Templates</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=FrathWiki:Templates&amp;diff=6089"/>
		<updated>2006-01-05T10:41:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: Templates moved to FrathWiki:Templates&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= What is a template? =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] software used by FrathWiki has support for templates. This means standardized text chunks (such as [[Wikipedia:Template messages|boilerplate]] text) can be inserted into articles. For example, typing &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{stub}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; will appear as &amp;quot;{{stub}}&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Instructions==&lt;br /&gt;
To create a new user message, you need to make an article under the name &#039;&#039;&#039;Template:TEMPLATENAME&#039;&#039;&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Messages can be used in two ways: &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:TEMPLATENAME}} and {{TEMPLATENAME}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;. &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;subst&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; copies the user message into the text of the article you are working on. Without &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;subst&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; the text of the user message is retrieved from the template space each time the article is opened. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{msg:TEMPLATENAME}} does the same thing as {{TEMPLATENAME}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you create a new user message, please keep the list below updated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Templates on this wiki =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== ABC ==&lt;br /&gt;
This [[Template:ABC]] replaces the table of contents with links to the headings of an alphabetized list such as a vocabulary. To insert it type &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:ABC}} &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; at the top of the edit window and save the page, then create headings named&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== A == &lt;br /&gt;
== B == &lt;br /&gt;
== C == &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[#A|A]] - [[#B|B]] - [[#C|C]] - [[#D|D]] - [[#E|E]] - [[#F|F]] - [[#G|G]] - [[#H|H]] - [[#I|I]] - [[#J|J]] - [[#K|K]] - [[#L|L]] - [[#M|M]] - [[#N|N]] - [[#O|O]] - [[#P|P]] - [[#Q|Q]] - [[#R|R]] - [[#S|S]] - [[#T|T]] - [[#U|U]] - [[#V|V]] - [[#W|W]] - [[#X|X]] - [[#Y|Y]] - [[#Z|Z]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There&#039;s also [[Template:widetoc]] which does similar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Work in progress ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To show that a page is under construction, under revision or otherwise incomplete you can type &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Workinprogress}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; at the top of of the page and it will appear as the following boilerplate:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;{{Workinprogress}}&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Equivalent code is &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{WIP}} or {{Wip}} or {{wip}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== User page template ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This [[Template:Userpage]] is a ripoff of [[User:Chlewey]]&#039;s elegant user page.&lt;br /&gt;
You can use it as a help to create your own user page.  To include it in your own page type &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:Userpage}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; into your edit window, then save your page, then open your edit window again and edit the table that now appears.  Replace the text in UPPERCASE with information relevant to yourself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Language template ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This [[Template:Language|template]] was designed by [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg]] as a base for your language descriptions.  It contains a box in the upper right corner with basic language data (location, timeline/universe, number of speakers, genealogical classification) modelled after the similar boxes found in Wikipedia language articles.  To include it in your page, type &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:Language}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; into your edit window, then save your page, then open the edit window again and edit the table that now appears.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Swadesh template ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template, adapted from the [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Swadesh template|Wiktionary:Swadesh template]] can be used to demonstrate the vocabulary of a conlang.  It can be seen [[Template:Swadesh|here]].&lt;br /&gt;
To include it in your own page type &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:Swadesh}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; into your edit window, then save your page, then open your edit window again and edit the table that now appears.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== IPA transcription ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have made a template [[Template:IPA]] to select fonts for displaying special characters correctly in Internet Explorer.  It will also display a tooltip saying &amp;quot;IPA transcription&amp;quot;.  See [[Template talk:IPA]] for usage instructions.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Slavic_conlangs&amp;diff=6009</id>
		<title>Category:Slavic conlangs</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Slavic_conlangs&amp;diff=6009"/>
		<updated>2006-01-03T05:15:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zhen Lin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indo-European conlangs]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Zhen Lin</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>