FrathWiki - User contributions [en]

https://www.frathwiki.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Jashan FrathWiki - User contributions [en] 2026-04-04T18:04:17Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.39.8 https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=35012 Continental English 2008-08-06T13:57:34Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 class=bordertable style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||Unknown (Europe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||N/A<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||1000-3000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Indo-European<br><br /> &nbsp;Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;West Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Continental English'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating/Inflecting<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||2005<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]]. It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology / Orthography===<br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. Some reconstruction may be possible from surviving samples.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Noun Morphology===<br /> Case has been lost for nouns except for genitive (-es). Pronouns retain nominative, accusative/dative (object case), and genitive. Plurals are formed by addition of -s/-es, as in modern English. The "-en" endings (ox, oxen; child, children) have been lost, but irregular<br /> plurals (foot, feet) remain.<br /> <br /> The personal pronouns '''y''' ("I") and '''thu''' ("you", sg.), for example:<br /> <br /> '''Y''' ("I")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||y {{IPA|[i]}}||we {{IPA|[wɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||me {{IPA|[mɛ]}}||us {{IPA|[ʌs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||myn {{IPA|[min]}}||ur {{IPA|[ʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Thu''' ("you, thou")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||thu {{IPA|[θʌ]}}||ye {{IPA|[jɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||the {{IPA|[θɛ]}}||yeu {{IPA|[jɛʌ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||thyn{{IPA|[θin]}}||yeur {{IPA|[jɛʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example Noun Declension:'''<br /> <br /> '''nam''' ("name")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names{{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}||nameses {{IPA|[namzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''stawn''' ("stone")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones {{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones{{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||stawnes {{IPA|[stɔnəs]}}||stoneses {{IPA|[stonzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Verb Morphology===<br /> <br /> Continental English retains at least five classes of strong verbs, with the following<br /> patterns. While many verbs weakened over time, some weak verbs also became strong by analogy. The chart below shows the vowel gradation for the strong verbs:<br /> <br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|'''Verb Class'''||'''Present'''||'''Past'''||'''Past Participle'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''I''||y||aw||i<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''II''||i||æ||u<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''III''||e||æ||o<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''IV''||e||æ||e<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''V''||''exact rule unknown''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Examples:'''<br /> <br /> I: shyn > shawn > shin ("shine")<br /> <br /> II: fris > fræs > frus ("freeze")<br /> <br /> III: stel > stæl > stol ("steal")<br /> <br /> IV: sprec > spræc > sprec ("speak")<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Sample Passage===<br /> '''Chauser''' ''(original)''<br /> <br /> The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen,<br><br /> That was the kyng Priamus sone of Troye,<br><br /> In lovynge, how his aventures fellen<br><br /> Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie.<br><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Chawser''' ''(Continental English)''<br /> <br /> The tyuwfald car of Troyilus tu tel,<br><br /> Thæt wæs the cyng Priyamus of Troy his sun<br><br /> On lufyng, hu his hap fyaled<br><br /> Ut wawf tu wel, ond æfter ut frawm glædnes.</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Musbrek&diff=35011 Musbrek 2008-08-06T13:56:43Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 class=bordertable style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Musbrek'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Indo-European<br><br /> &nbsp;Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Musbrek'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||2004<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Musbrek is a Germanic language which shares many characteristics with the Eastern Germanic language family. Many of the word structures and basic grammar, syntax, and pronunciation are very similar and will be familiar to German and English speakers. Much of the grammar is very simplified and regular, making the language easier and quicker to learn than a strictly 'naturalistic' language. Word-building is done through compound words and affixes, with regular manners of forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs. <br /> <br /> <br /> This language was formulated as a 'stealth language.' Its design principles are to be similar enough to English to be easy for a native English speaker to learn, yet individual enough and unique enough to obscure the casual listener or reader from deciphering the conversation. Its vocabulary is drawn primarily from Proto-Germanic and Gothic.</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ilushan&diff=35010 Ilushan 2008-08-06T13:55:47Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||0<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||Varies<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1999?<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ilushan was a thought-project originally meant to experiment with a uniquely [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanism Satanic] language. It had specific design goals of:<br /> <br /> *A 'softer' verbal flow, with a sound somewhat resembling French. <br /> <br /> *A writing system which is both logical, phonemically exact (no duplicate letters, etc), and useable in a mathematic mystical manner, similar to the Jewish and Greek gematria traditions.<br /> <br /> *Moral-relativist base (no terms for "sin," "damnation," "evil," "good," as absolutes) <br /> <br /> *Primarily mono- and duo-syllabic for core words; isolative morphology and syntactical forms.<br /> <br /> *Majority of regular rules, with minimal exceptions (to simplify ease of learning)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology and Orthography ===<br /> The traditional alphabet is recognized to consist of 18 letters (5 vowels and 13 consonants). The core 18 letters are listed in bold below, with their written form, followed by their phonetic value, then an approximate pronunciation, then finally their spoken name. Additionally, there are 6 so-called "soft letters" which, although they have their own distinct letter-name, are written as variants of the 18 core letters. These are listed in italics. There are 5 diphthongs, which are not considered separate letters, but which are listed here for phonemic completion. Two semi-vowels (y and w) are used in Roman spelling, although they were not present in the traditional script.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=1 width=50%<br /> ! Roman Script || IPA || Letter Name || Category<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[a]}}<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Vowel<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |align=center| [ɛ]<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |align=center| [ɪ]<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| [ʊ]<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ae, ai<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ai]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Diphthong<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| au<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[au]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ei<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[e]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ii<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[u]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[j]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| Semi-Vowel/Glide<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[w]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[b]}}<br /> |align=center| bei<br /> |align=center rowspan=13| Core Consonants<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| c 'or' k<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[k]}}<br /> |align=center| ka<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[d]}}<br /> |align=center| dei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[g]}}<br /> |align=center| ga<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[h]}}<br /> |align=center| ha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[l]}}<br /> |align=center| il<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[m]}}<br /> |align=center| mei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[n]}}<br /> |align=center| na<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[p]}}<br /> |align=center| pei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| [ɣ]<br /> |align=center| ra<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[s]}}<br /> |align=center| sei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[t]}}<br /> |align=center| tei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[z]}}<br /> |align=center| zei<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| bh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[v]}}<br /> |align=center| bhei<br /> |align=center rowspan=6| "Soft" Letters<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ch<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[tʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| cha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ph<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[f]}}<br /> |align=center| phei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| sh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| sha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| th<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[θ]}}<br /> |align=center| thei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| zh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʒ]}}<br /> |align=center| zha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Alphabet Arrangement===<br /> The traditional arrangement of the alphabet is almost identical to the standard Phoenician-derived order (which can be seen in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman alphabets, among others). Keep in mind that while soft letters are considered to be part of the alphabet, diphthongs and semi-vowels are not (and strictly speaking, the soft letters are not part of the "core" system, as mentioned):<br /> <br /> <br /> <center><tt><font size=4>'''a''' b ''bh'' c ''ch'' d '''e''' g h '''i''' l m n '''o''' p ''ph'' r s ''sh'' t ''th'' '''u''' z ''zh''</font></tt></center><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Although the Roman alphabetic order has been adopted for most standard usage, for symbolic writing and occult functions, there still exists the traditional order of the letters.<br /> <br /> Traditionally, the 18 core letters were divided into three [3] groups (called ''itre'' or ''l'itre'' in plural) of 6 letters, in the following order:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''First Set''' (''Itre A''): a, pei, tei, sei, ka, ha <br /> <br /> *'''Second Set''' (''Itre E''): e, bei, dei, zei, ga, o <br /> <br /> *'''Third Set''' (''Itre I''): i, mei, il, na, ra, u <br /> <br /> <br /> The following patterns can be seen intrinsic to the groupings of the sets:<br /> <br /> <br /> '''A)''' The first member of the itre is [a], which is the low front vowel (and the first vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiceless core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (''i.e.'' [p] is most-forward, being bilabial; then [t], which is apico-dental and slightly further back; [s] which is apico-alveolar; and [k] which is velar). The final member of the series is [h], which, while commonly considered a consonant by literate people, may more accurately be described as a voiceless vocal resonant. That it, it is the voiceless equivalent of a vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''E)''' The first member of the second itre is [e], which is the mid-level front vowel (and the second vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiced core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (and thus match perfectly as the voiced versions of the consonants in the A-set). The final member of the series is [o], which is the mid-level back vowel (and which is, of course, voiced, as opposed to the "voiceless vowel" at the end of the A-set).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''I)''' The first member of the third itre is [i], which is the high front vowel (and the third vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by nasal and liquid core consonants (both categories have extremely prominant vowel-like qualities, which makes them distinct from other classes of consonants), although these do not follow the previously-seen "place of articulation" ordering. The final member of the series is [u], which is the high back vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> In summary, the patterns can be written as follows:<br /> <br /> *'''A)''' low-front vowel + voiceless core consonant (ordered) + voiceless 'vowel'<br /> <br /> *'''E)''' mid-front vowel + voiced core consonant (ordered) + mid-back vowel<br /> <br /> *'''I)''' high-front vowel + liquid/nasal (unordered) + high-back vowel<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> What of the 'soft' letters? There is a fourth itre, consisting of these letters. The fourth set, while unofficial, is still sometimes used:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''"Whispered Set"''' (''Itre Damai''): phei, bhei, thei, sha, zha, cha <br /> <br /> <br /> The pattern seen here is that the letters are ordered based on the place of articulation of the core letter of which they are 'variants' , and their voice-status (voiceless before voiced, similar to how the voiceless A-set precedes the voiced E-set). As diphthongs have never been considered part of the alphabetical system, there is no set which includes them.</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=35009 Tsaran 2008-08-06T13:54:36Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font> (Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font> (Late Middle Western Tsaran)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Gallo-Romance Influence===<br /> Linguistic "contamination" was inevitable when the Tsaran began re-establishing ties with the neighboring nations after their arrival in Gaul. A prime factor in this was the Tsaran sound changes -- Tsaran words were primarily mono- or duo-syllabic, and the simplification of diphthongs and softening of intervocalic sounds created a vast amount of homophones in the language. Instead of retaining two identical words (or nearly-identical words) for different concepts, often a neighboring word would be adopted and modified to more easily fit a Tsaran tongue.<br /> <br /> A very prominant result of these sound shifts was the elimination of the native pronominal structure. With the sound shifts, the distinction between the 2nd and 3rd person was effectively nullified. To counteract this, many speakers began using the local Gallo-Romance pronouns. Increasing contact and extention of this practice gradually resulted in a completely new, completely Gallo-Romance pronoun system -- genitive, nominative, and objective.<br /> <br /> Gallo-Romance has also served to standardize the somewhat chaotic word order in Tsaran. Originally V-S-O, it had developed tendancies towards S-V-O as well as S-O-V, depending on the structure of the sentence and what words were being used! Under analogy with the local French dialects, the word order has settled firmly into S-V-O, with the exception of direct objects. Like French, Middle Tsaran placed its direct objects between the subject and the verb when the direct objects were pronouns themselves. That is, one said "I him see", not "I see him." This pattern was independantly developed of the Gallo-Romance languages, but was reinforced by the contact.<br /> <br /> While originally a great number of terms regarding non-Tsaran technologies and items were adopted from the surrounding languages, it quickly became a favored method to create new terms out of the native lexicon instead. Thus while ''elís'' (church) was adopted from the French ''eglise'' (the Tsara had no notion of a specific building in which to worship before contact with Christianity), the more modern ''socára'' (telephone) is a straightforward coinage (''soc'' - long; ''ára'' - speech)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Jashan&diff=35008 User:Jashan 2008-08-06T13:53:04Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 class=bordertable style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br /> |+<big>'''Jashan A'al'''</big><br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Summary:'''<br /> ||Late 20s Caucasian female (lesbian) conlanger & original fiction/fantasy writer. Jashan is originally from Oklahoma, USA, but has resided in Flanders, Belgium since June 2007.<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Birth:'''<br /> || 1979; Oklahoma, USA<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Profession:'''<br /> || Web developer (PHP, Plone)<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Natural languages:'''<br /> || English (native), Dutch, French<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Created conlangs:'''<br /> || [[Tsaran]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilushan]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilythiiri Alurl]]<br /> <br /> [[Musbrek]]<br /> <br /> [[Etora]]<br /> <br /> [[Continental English]]<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Other conlangs:'''<br /> || None<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Interests:'''<br /> || Languages, vegetarianism, martial arts, fitness/health, gay/lesbian studies, RPGs (D&D)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ''Jashan A'al'' is a name itself taken from an unnamed (and now lost) conlang, meaning "twilight" or "bridge." I am primary a conlanger and dabble in concultures, rather full-scale conworlds. <br /> <br /> <br /> I study and create conlangs with a variety of aims: to create aesthetically pleasing languages, to learn more about a specific type of language, to experiment with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, or for religious designs. I have been seeking a "perfect" (used very loosely) conlang for the expression of my religious and philosophical ideas, for several years. <br /> <br /> <br /> My two most establish conlangs are [[Etora]] and Psharádi (Modern [[Tsaran]]). They share a nearly-identical vocabulary but are radically different in grammatical structure. Etora is gendered [human/animate/inanimate], case-declining [nom/acc/dat/abl], and SOV structure; Psharádi is ungendered, uncased, and SVO order (save in certain situations). <br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Links===</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Jashan&diff=35007 User:Jashan 2008-08-06T13:51:42Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 class=bordertable style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br /> |+<big>'''Jashan A'al'''</big><br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Summary:'''<br /> ||Late 20s Caucasian female (lesbian) conlanger & original fiction/fantasy writer. Jashan resides in Oklahoma USA and plans on moving to Europe in mid-2007.<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Birth:'''<br /> || 1979; Oklahoma, USA<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Profession:'''<br /> || Software/network support technician and technical writer<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Natural languages:'''<br /> || English (native), Dutch, French<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Created conlangs:'''<br /> || [[Tsaran]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilushan]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilythiiri Alurl]]<br /> <br /> [[Musbrek]]<br /> <br /> [[Etora]]<br /> <br /> [[Continental English]]<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Other conlangs:'''<br /> || None<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Interests:'''<br /> || Languages, vegetarianism, martial arts, fitness/health, gay/lesbian studies, RPGs (D&D)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ''Jashan A'al'' is a name itself taken from an unnamed (and now lost) conlang, meaning "twilight" or "bridge." I am primary a conlanger and dabble in concultures, rather full-scale conworlds. <br /> <br /> <br /> I study and create conlangs with a variety of aims: to create aesthetically pleasing languages, to learn more about a specific type of language, to experiment with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, or for religious designs. I have been seeking a "perfect" (used very loosely) conlang for the expression of my religious and philosophical ideas, for several years. <br /> <br /> <br /> My two most establish conlangs are [[Etora]] and Psharádi (Modern [[Tsaran]]). They share a nearly-identical vocabulary but are radically different in grammatical structure. Etora is gendered [human/animate/inanimate], case-declining [nom/acc/dat/abl], and SOV structure; Psharádi is ungendered, uncased, and SVO order (save in certain situations). <br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Links===</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Jashan&diff=35006 User:Jashan 2008-08-06T13:51:11Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 class=bordertable style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br /> |+<big>'''Jashan A'al'''</big><br>(Valeska Scholl)<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Summary:'''<br /> ||Late 20s Caucasian female (lesbian) conlanger & original fiction/fantasy writer. Jashan resides in Oklahoma USA and plans on moving to Europe in mid-2007.<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Birth:'''<br /> || 1979; Oklahoma, USA<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Profession:'''<br /> || Software/network support technician and technical writer<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Natural languages:'''<br /> || English (native), Dutch, French<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Created conlangs:'''<br /> || [[Tsaran]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilushan]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilythiiri Alurl]]<br /> <br /> [[Musbrek]]<br /> <br /> [[Etora]]<br /> <br /> [[Continental English]]<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Other conlangs:'''<br /> || None<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Interests:'''<br /> || Languages, vegetarianism, martial arts, fitness/health, gay/lesbian studies, RPGs (D&D)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ''Jashan A'al'' is a name itself taken from an unnamed (and now lost) conlang, meaning "twilight" or "bridge." I am primary a conlanger and dabble in concultures, rather full-scale conworlds. <br /> <br /> <br /> I study and create conlangs with a variety of aims: to create aesthetically pleasing languages, to learn more about a specific type of language, to experiment with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, or for religious designs. I have been seeking a "perfect" (used very loosely) conlang for the expression of my religious and philosophical ideas, for several years. <br /> <br /> <br /> My two most establish conlangs are [[Etora]] and Psharádi (Modern [[Tsaran]]). They share a nearly-identical vocabulary but are radically different in grammatical structure. Etora is gendered [human/animate/inanimate], case-declining [nom/acc/dat/abl], and SOV structure; Psharádi is ungendered, uncased, and SVO order (save in certain situations). <br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Links===</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ilushan&diff=14056 Ilushan 2006-09-28T06:02:47Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||0<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||Varies<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1999?<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ilushan was a thought-project originally meant to experiment with a uniquely [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanism Satanic] language. It had specific design goals of:<br /> <br /> *A 'softer' verbal flow, with a sound somewhat resembling French. <br /> <br /> *A writing system which is both logical, phonemically exact (no duplicate letters, etc), and useable in a mathematic mystical manner, similar to the Jewish and Greek gematria traditions.<br /> <br /> *Moral-relativist base (no terms for "sin," "damnation," "evil," "good," as absolutes) <br /> <br /> *Primarily mono- and duo-syllabic for core words; isolative morphology and syntactical forms.<br /> <br /> *Majority of regular rules, with minimal exceptions (to simplify ease of learning)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology and Orthography ===<br /> The traditional alphabet is recognized to consist of 18 letters (5 vowels and 13 consonants). The core 18 letters are listed in bold below, with their written form, followed by their phonetic value, then an approximate pronunciation, then finally their spoken name. Additionally, there are 6 so-called "soft letters" which, although they have their own distinct letter-name, are written as variants of the 18 core letters. These are listed in italics. There are 5 diphthongs, which are not considered separate letters, but which are listed here for phonemic completion. Two semi-vowels (y and w) are used in Roman spelling, although they were not present in the traditional script.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=1 width=50%<br /> ! Roman Script || IPA || Letter Name || Category<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[a]}}<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Vowel<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |align=center| [ɛ]<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |align=center| [ɪ]<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| [ʊ]<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ae, ai<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ai]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Diphthong<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| au<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[au]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ei<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[e]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ii<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[u]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[j]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| Semi-Vowel/Glide<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[w]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[b]}}<br /> |align=center| bei<br /> |align=center rowspan=13| Core Consonants<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| c 'or' k<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[k]}}<br /> |align=center| ka<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[d]}}<br /> |align=center| dei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[g]}}<br /> |align=center| ga<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[h]}}<br /> |align=center| ha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[l]}}<br /> |align=center| il<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[m]}}<br /> |align=center| mei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[n]}}<br /> |align=center| na<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[p]}}<br /> |align=center| pei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| [ɣ]<br /> |align=center| ra<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[s]}}<br /> |align=center| sei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[t]}}<br /> |align=center| tei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[z]}}<br /> |align=center| zei<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| bh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[v]}}<br /> |align=center| bhei<br /> |align=center rowspan=6| "Soft" Letters<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ch<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[tʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| cha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ph<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[f]}}<br /> |align=center| phei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| sh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| sha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| th<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[θ]}}<br /> |align=center| thei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| zh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʒ]}}<br /> |align=center| zha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Alphabet Arrangement===<br /> The traditional arrangement of the alphabet is almost identical to the standard Phoenician-derived order (which can be seen in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman alphabets, among others). Keep in mind that while soft letters are considered to be part of the alphabet, diphthongs and semi-vowels are not (and strictly speaking, the soft letters are not part of the "core" system, as mentioned):<br /> <br /> <br /> <center><tt><font size=4>'''a''' b ''bh'' c ''ch'' d '''e''' g h '''i''' l m n '''o''' p ''ph'' r s ''sh'' t ''th'' '''u''' z ''zh''</font></tt></center><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Although the Roman alphabetic order has been adopted for most standard usage, for symbolic writing and occult functions, there still exists the traditional order of the letters.<br /> <br /> Traditionally, the 18 core letters were divided into three [3] groups (called ''itre'' or ''l'itre'' in plural) of 6 letters, in the following order:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''First Set''' (''Itre A''): a, pei, tei, sei, ka, ha <br /> <br /> *'''Second Set''' (''Itre E''): e, bei, dei, zei, ga, o <br /> <br /> *'''Third Set''' (''Itre I''): i, mei, il, na, ra, u <br /> <br /> <br /> The following patterns can be seen intrinsic to the groupings of the sets:<br /> <br /> <br /> '''A)''' The first member of the itre is [a], which is the low front vowel (and the first vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiceless core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (''i.e.'' [p] is most-forward, being bilabial; then [t], which is apico-dental and slightly further back; [s] which is apico-alveolar; and [k] which is velar). The final member of the series is [h], which, while commonly considered a consonant by literate people, may more accurately be described as a voiceless vocal resonant. That it, it is the voiceless equivalent of a vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''E)''' The first member of the second itre is [e], which is the mid-level front vowel (and the second vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiced core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (and thus match perfectly as the voiced versions of the consonants in the A-set). The final member of the series is [o], which is the mid-level back vowel (and which is, of course, voiced, as opposed to the "voiceless vowel" at the end of the A-set).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''I)''' The first member of the third itre is [i], which is the high front vowel (and the third vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by nasal and liquid core consonants (both categories have extremely prominant vowel-like qualities, which makes them distinct from other classes of consonants), although these do not follow the previously-seen "place of articulation" ordering. The final member of the series is [u], which is the high back vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> In summary, the patterns can be written as follows:<br /> <br /> *'''A)''' low-front vowel + voiceless core consonant (ordered) + voiceless 'vowel'<br /> <br /> *'''E)''' mid-front vowel + voiced core consonant (ordered) + mid-back vowel<br /> <br /> *'''I)''' high-front vowel + liquid/nasal (unordered) + high-back vowel<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> What of the 'soft' letters? There is a fourth itre, consisting of these letters. The fourth set, while unofficial, is still sometimes used:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''"Whispered Set"''' (''Itre Damai''): phei, bhei, thei, sha, zha, cha <br /> <br /> <br /> The pattern seen here is that the letters are ordered based on the place of articulation of the core letter of which they are 'variants' , and their voice-status (voiceless before voiced, similar to how the voiceless A-set precedes the voiced E-set). As diphthongs have never been considered part of the alphabetical system, there is no set which includes them.<br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/ilushan/index.html</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ilushan&diff=14055 Ilushan 2006-09-28T06:01:56Z

<p>Jashan: /* Alphabet Arrangement */</p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||0<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||Varies<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1999?<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ilushan was a thought-project originally meant to experiment with a uniquely [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanism Satanic] language. It had specific design goals of:<br /> <br /> *A 'softer' verbal flow, with a sound somewhat resembling French. <br /> <br /> *A writing system which is both logical, phonemically exact (no duplicate letters, etc), and useable in a mathematic mystical manner, similar to the Jewish and Greek gematria traditions.<br /> <br /> *Moral-relativist base (no terms for "sin," "damnation," "evil," "good," as absolutes) <br /> <br /> *Primarily mono- and duo-syllabic for core words; isolative morphology and syntactical forms.<br /> <br /> *Majority of regular rules, with minimal exceptions (to simplify ease of learning)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology and Orthography ===<br /> The traditional alphabet is recognized to consist of 18 letters (5 vowels and 13 consonants). The core 18 letters are listed in bold below, with their written form, followed by their phonetic value, then an approximate pronunciation, then finally their spoken name. Additionally, there are 6 so-called "soft letters" which, although they have their own distinct letter-name, are written as variants of the 18 core letters. These are listed in italics. There are 5 diphthongs, which are not considered separate letters, but which are listed here for phonemic completion. Two semi-vowels (y and w) are used in Roman spelling, although they were not present in the traditional script.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=1 width=50%<br /> ! Roman Script || IPA || Letter Name || Category<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[a]}}<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Vowel<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |align=center| [ɛ]<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |align=center| [ɪ]<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| [ʊ]<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ae, ai<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ai]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Diphthong<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| au<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[au]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ei<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[e]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ii<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[u]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[j]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| Semi-Vowel/Glide<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[w]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[b]}}<br /> |align=center| bei<br /> |align=center rowspan=13| Core Consonants<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| c 'or' k<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[k]}}<br /> |align=center| ka<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[d]}}<br /> |align=center| dei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[g]}}<br /> |align=center| ga<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[h]}}<br /> |align=center| ha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[l]}}<br /> |align=center| il<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[m]}}<br /> |align=center| mei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[n]}}<br /> |align=center| na<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[p]}}<br /> |align=center| pei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| [ɣ]<br /> |align=center| ra<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[s]}}<br /> |align=center| sei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[t]}}<br /> |align=center| tei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[z]}}<br /> |align=center| zei<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| bh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[v]}}<br /> |align=center| bhei<br /> |align=center rowspan=6| "Soft" Letters<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ch<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[tʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| cha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ph<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[f]}}<br /> |align=center| phei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| sh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| sha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| th<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[θ]}}<br /> |align=center| thei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| zh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʒ]}}<br /> |align=center| zha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Alphabet Arrangement===<br /> The traditional arrangement of the alphabet is almost identical to the standard Phoenician-derived order (which can be seen in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman alphabets, among others). Keep in mind that while soft letters are considered to be part of the alphabet, diphthongs and semi-vowels are not (and strictly speaking, the soft letters are not part of the "core" system, as mentioned):<br /> <br /> <br /> <center><tt><font size=4>'''a''' b ''bh'' c ''ch'' d '''e''' g h '''i''' l m n '''o''' p ''ph'' r s ''sh'' t ''th'' '''u''' z ''zh''</font></tt></center><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Although the Roman alphabetic order has been adopted for most standard usage, for symbolic writing and occult functions, there still exists the traditional order of the letters.<br /> <br /> Traditionally, the 18 core letters were divided into three [3] groups (called ''itre'' or ''l'itre'' in plural) of 6 letters, in the following order:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''First Set''' ("Itre A"): a, pei, tei, sei, ka, ha <br /> <br /> *'''Second Set''' ("Itre E"): e, bei, dei, zei, ga, o <br /> <br /> *'''Third Set''' ("Itre I"): i, mei, il, na, ra, u <br /> <br /> <br /> The following patterns can be seen intrinsic to the groupings of the sets:<br /> <br /> <br /> '''A)''' The first member of the itre is [a], which is the low front vowel (and the first vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiceless core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (''i.e.'' [p] is most-forward, being bilabial; then [t], which is apico-dental and slightly further back; [s] which is apico-alveolar; and [k] which is velar). The final member of the series is [h], which, while commonly considered a consonant by literate people, may more accurately be described as a voiceless vocal resonant. That it, it is the voiceless equivalent of a vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''E)''' The first member of the second itre is [e], which is the mid-level front vowel (and the second vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiced core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (and thus match perfectly as the voiced versions of the consonants in the A-set). The final member of the series is [o], which is the mid-level back vowel (and which is, of course, voiced, as opposed to the "voiceless vowel" at the end of the A-set).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''I)''' The first member of the third itre is [i], which is the high front vowel (and the third vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by nasal and liquid core consonants (both categories have extremely prominant vowel-like qualities, which makes them distinct from other classes of consonants), although these do not follow the previously-seen "place of articulation" ordering. The final member of the series is [u], which is the high back vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> In summary, the patterns can be written as follows:<br /> <br /> *'''A)''' low-front vowel + voiceless core consonant (ordered) + voiceless 'vowel'<br /> <br /> *'''E)''' mid-front vowel + voiced core consonant (ordered) + mid-back vowel<br /> <br /> *'''I)''' high-front vowel + liquid/nasal (unordered) + high-back vowel<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> What of the 'soft' letters? There is a fourth itre, consisting of these letters. The fourth set, while unofficial, is still sometimes used:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''"Whispered Set"''' (''Itre Damai''): phei), bhei, thei, sha, zha, cha <br /> <br /> <br /> The pattern seen here is that the letters are ordered based on the place of articulation of the core letter of which they are 'variants' , and their voice-status (voiceless before voiced, similar to how the voiceless A-set precedes the voiced E-set). As diphthongs have never been considered part of the alphabetical system, there is no set which includes them.<br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/ilushan/index.html</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ilushan&diff=14054 Ilushan 2006-09-28T06:00:06Z

<p>Jashan: /* Alphabet Arrangement */</p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||0<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||Varies<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1999?<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ilushan was a thought-project originally meant to experiment with a uniquely [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanism Satanic] language. It had specific design goals of:<br /> <br /> *A 'softer' verbal flow, with a sound somewhat resembling French. <br /> <br /> *A writing system which is both logical, phonemically exact (no duplicate letters, etc), and useable in a mathematic mystical manner, similar to the Jewish and Greek gematria traditions.<br /> <br /> *Moral-relativist base (no terms for "sin," "damnation," "evil," "good," as absolutes) <br /> <br /> *Primarily mono- and duo-syllabic for core words; isolative morphology and syntactical forms.<br /> <br /> *Majority of regular rules, with minimal exceptions (to simplify ease of learning)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology and Orthography ===<br /> The traditional alphabet is recognized to consist of 18 letters (5 vowels and 13 consonants). The core 18 letters are listed in bold below, with their written form, followed by their phonetic value, then an approximate pronunciation, then finally their spoken name. Additionally, there are 6 so-called "soft letters" which, although they have their own distinct letter-name, are written as variants of the 18 core letters. These are listed in italics. There are 5 diphthongs, which are not considered separate letters, but which are listed here for phonemic completion. Two semi-vowels (y and w) are used in Roman spelling, although they were not present in the traditional script.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=1 width=50%<br /> ! Roman Script || IPA || Letter Name || Category<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[a]}}<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Vowel<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |align=center| [ɛ]<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |align=center| [ɪ]<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| [ʊ]<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ae, ai<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ai]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Diphthong<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| au<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[au]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ei<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[e]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ii<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[u]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[j]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| Semi-Vowel/Glide<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[w]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[b]}}<br /> |align=center| bei<br /> |align=center rowspan=13| Core Consonants<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| c 'or' k<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[k]}}<br /> |align=center| ka<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[d]}}<br /> |align=center| dei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[g]}}<br /> |align=center| ga<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[h]}}<br /> |align=center| ha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[l]}}<br /> |align=center| il<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[m]}}<br /> |align=center| mei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[n]}}<br /> |align=center| na<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[p]}}<br /> |align=center| pei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| [ɣ]<br /> |align=center| ra<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[s]}}<br /> |align=center| sei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[t]}}<br /> |align=center| tei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[z]}}<br /> |align=center| zei<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| bh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[v]}}<br /> |align=center| bhei<br /> |align=center rowspan=6| "Soft" Letters<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ch<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[tʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| cha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ph<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[f]}}<br /> |align=center| phei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| sh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| sha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| th<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[θ]}}<br /> |align=center| thei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| zh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʒ]}}<br /> |align=center| zha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Alphabet Arrangement===<br /> The traditional arrangement of the alphabet is almost identical to the standard Phoenician-derived order (which can be seen in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman alphabets, among others). Keep in mind that while soft letters are considered to be part of the alphabet, diphthongs and semi-vowels are not (and strictly speaking, the soft letters are not part of the "core" system, as mentioned):<br /> <br /> <br /> <center><tt><font size=4>'''a''' b ''bh'' c ''ch'' d '''e''' g h '''i''' l m n '''o''' p ''ph'' r s ''sh'' t ''th'' '''u''' z ''zh''</font></tt></center><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Although the Roman alphabetic order has been adopted for most standard usage, for symbolic writing and occult functions, there still exists the traditional order of the letters.<br /> <br /> Traditionally, the 18 core letters were divided into three [3] groups (called ''itre'' or ''l'itre'' in plural) of 6 letters, in the following order:<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''First Set''' ("Itre A"): a, pei, tei, sei, ka, ha <br /> <br /> *'''Second Set''' ("Itre E"): e, bei, dei, zei, ga, o <br /> <br /> *'''Third Set''' ("Itre I"): i, mei, il, na, ra, u <br /> <br /> <br /> The following patterns can be seen intrinsic to the groupings of the sets:<br /> <br /> <br /> '''A)''' The first member of the itre is [a], which is the low front vowel (and the first vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiceless core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (''i.e.'' [p] is most-forward, being bilabial; then [t], which is apico-dental and slightly further back; [s] which is apico-alveolar; and [k] which is velar). The final member of the series is [h], which, while commonly considered a consonant by literate people, may more accurately be described as a voiceless vocal resonant. That it, it is the voiceless equivalent of a vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''E)''' The first member of the second itre is [e], which is the mid-level front vowel (and the second vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiced core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (and thus match perfectly as the voiced versions of the consonants in the A-set). The final member of the series is [o], which is the mid-level back vowel (and which is, of course, voiced, as opposed to the "voiceless vowel" at the end of the A-set).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''I)''' The first member of the third itre is [i], which is the high front vowel (and the third vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by nasal and liquid core consonants (both categories have extremely prominant vowel-like qualities, which makes them distinct from other classes of consonants), although these do not follow the previously-seen "place of articulation" ordering. The final member of the series is [u], which is the high back vowel.<br /> <br /> <br /> In summary, the patterns can be written as follows:<br /> <br /> *'''A)''' low-front vowel + voiceless core consonant (ordered) + voiceless 'vowel'<br /> <br /> *'''E)''' mid-front vowel + voiced core consonant (ordered) + mid-back vowel<br /> <br /> *'''I)''' high-front vowel + liquid/nasal (unordered) + high-back vowel<br /> <br /> What of the 'soft' letters? There is a fourth itre, consisting of these letters. The fourth set, while unofficial, is still sometimes used:<br /> <br /> Fourth Set (''Itre Damai'' - "Whispered Set"): ph (phei), bh (bhei), th (thei), sh (sha), zh (zha), ch (cha) <br /> <br /> The pattern seen here is that the letters are ordered based on the place of articulation of the core letter of which they are 'variants' , and their voice-status (voiceless before voiced, similar to how the voiceless A-set precedes the voiced E-set). As diphthongs have never been considered part of the alphabetical system, there is no set which includes them.<br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/ilushan/index.html</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Ilushan&diff=14053 Ilushan 2006-09-28T05:57:03Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||0<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||Varies<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1999?<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ilushan was a thought-project originally meant to experiment with a uniquely [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanism Satanic] language. It had specific design goals of:<br /> <br /> *A 'softer' verbal flow, with a sound somewhat resembling French. <br /> <br /> *A writing system which is both logical, phonemically exact (no duplicate letters, etc), and useable in a mathematic mystical manner, similar to the Jewish and Greek gematria traditions.<br /> <br /> *Moral-relativist base (no terms for "sin," "damnation," "evil," "good," as absolutes) <br /> <br /> *Primarily mono- and duo-syllabic for core words; isolative morphology and syntactical forms.<br /> <br /> *Majority of regular rules, with minimal exceptions (to simplify ease of learning)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology and Orthography ===<br /> The traditional alphabet is recognized to consist of 18 letters (5 vowels and 13 consonants). The core 18 letters are listed in bold below, with their written form, followed by their phonetic value, then an approximate pronunciation, then finally their spoken name. Additionally, there are 6 so-called "soft letters" which, although they have their own distinct letter-name, are written as variants of the 18 core letters. These are listed in italics. There are 5 diphthongs, which are not considered separate letters, but which are listed here for phonemic completion. Two semi-vowels (y and w) are used in Roman spelling, although they were not present in the traditional script.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=1 width=50%<br /> ! Roman Script || IPA || Letter Name || Category<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[a]}}<br /> |align=center| a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Vowel<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |align=center| [ɛ]<br /> |align=center| e<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |align=center| [ɪ]<br /> |align=center| i<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |align=center| o<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| [ʊ]<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ae, ai<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ai]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=5| Diphthong<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| au<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[au]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ei<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[e]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ii<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[o]}}<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| u<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[u]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[j]}}<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| n/a<br /> |align=center rowspan=2| Semi-Vowel/Glide<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[w]}}<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[b]}}<br /> |align=center| bei<br /> |align=center rowspan=13| Core Consonants<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| c 'or' k<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[k]}}<br /> |align=center| ka<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[d]}}<br /> |align=center| dei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[g]}}<br /> |align=center| ga<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[h]}}<br /> |align=center| ha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[l]}}<br /> |align=center| il<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[m]}}<br /> |align=center| mei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[n]}}<br /> |align=center| na<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[p]}}<br /> |align=center| pei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| [ɣ]<br /> |align=center| ra<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[s]}}<br /> |align=center| sei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[t]}}<br /> |align=center| tei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[z]}}<br /> |align=center| zei<br /> |-<br /> |height=8|<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| bh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[v]}}<br /> |align=center| bhei<br /> |align=center rowspan=6| "Soft" Letters<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ch<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[tʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| cha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| ph<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[f]}}<br /> |align=center| phei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| sh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}<br /> |align=center| sha<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| th<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[θ]}}<br /> |align=center| thei<br /> |-<br /> |align=center| zh<br /> |align=center| {{IPA|[ʒ]}}<br /> |align=center| zha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Alphabet Arrangement===<br /> The traditional arrangement of the alphabet is almost identical to the standard Phoenician-derived order (which can be seen in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman alphabets, among others). Keep in mind that while soft letters are considered to be part of the alphabet, diphthongs and semi-vowels are not (and strictly speaking, the soft letters are not part of the "core" system, as mentioned):<br /> <br /> <br /> <center><tt><font size=4>'''a''' b ''bh'' c ''ch'' d '''e''' g h '''i''' l m n '''o''' p ''ph'' r s ''sh'' t ''th'' '''u''' z ''zh''</font></tt></center><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Although the Roman alphabetic order has been adopted for most standard usage, for symbolic writing and occult functions, there still exists the traditional order of the letters.<br /> <br /> Traditionally, the 18 core letters were divided into three [3] groups (called ''itre'' or ''l'itre'' in plural) of 6 letters, in the following order:<br /> <br /> '''First Set''' ("Itre A"): a, pei, tei, sei, ka, ha <br /> '''Second Set''' ("Itre E"): e, bei, dei, zei, ga, o <br /> '''Third Set''' ("Itre I"): i, mei, il, na, ra, u <br /> <br /> The following patterns can be seen intrinsic to the groupings of the sets:<br /> <br /> '''A)''' The first member of the itre is '''[a]''', which is the low front vowel (and the first vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiceless core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (''i.e.'' '''[p]''' is most-forward, being bilabial; then '''[t]''', which is apico-dental and slightly further back; '''[s]''' which is apico-alveolar; and '''[k]''' which is velar). The final member of the series is '''[h]''', which, while commonly considered a consonant by literate people, is more accurately described as a voiceless vocal resonant. That it, it is the voiceless equivalent of a vowel.<br /> <br /> '''E)''' The first member of the second itre is '''[e]''', which is the mid-level front vowel (and the second vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by voiced core consonants, in order of their increasing "backness" of place of articulation (and thus match perfectly as the voiced versions of the consonants in the A-set). The final member of the series is '''[o]''', which is the mid-level back vowel (and which is, of course, voiced, as opposed to the "voiceless vowel" at the end of the A-set).<br /> <br /> '''I)''' The first member of the third itre is '''[i]''', which is the high front vowel (and the third vowel in the alphabetic order). It is followed by nasal and liquid core consonants (both categories have extremely prominant vowel-like qualities, which makes them distinct from other classes of consonants), although these do not follow the previously-seen "place of articulation" ordering (indeed, as the quality and tone of both nasals and liquids is determined in two places -- position of the lips and tongue, and the shape of the resonant cavity -- it would be difficult to order them in respect to their articulatory places). The final member of the series is '''[u]''', which is the high back vowel.<br /> <br /> In summary, the patterns can be written as follows:<br /> <br /> A) low-front vowel + voiceless core consonant (ordered) + voiceless 'vowel'<br /> E) mid-front vowel + voiced core consonant (ordered) + mid-back vowel<br /> I) high-front vowel + liquid/nasal (unordered) + high-back vowel<br /> <br /> What of the 'soft' letters? There is a fourth itre, consisting of these letters. The fourth set, while unofficial, is still sometimes used:<br /> <br /> Fourth Set (''Itre Damai'' - "Whispered Set"): ph (phei), bh (bhei), th (thei), sh (sha), zh (zha), ch (cha) <br /> <br /> The pattern seen here is that the letters are ordered based on the place of articulation of the core letter of which they are 'variants' , and their voice-status (voiceless before voiced, similar to how the voiceless A-set precedes the voiced E-set). As diphthongs have never been considered part of the alphabetical system, there is no set which includes them.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/ilushan/index.html</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11417 Tsaran 2006-07-23T15:50:29Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font> (Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font> (Late Middle Western Tsaran)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Gallo-Romance Influence===<br /> Linguistic "contamination" was inevitable when the Tsaran began re-establishing ties with the neighboring nations after their arrival in Gaul. A prime factor in this was the Tsaran sound changes -- Tsaran words were primarily mono- or duo-syllabic, and the simplification of diphthongs and softening of intervocalic sounds created a vast amount of homophones in the language. Instead of retaining two identical words (or nearly-identical words) for different concepts, often a neighboring word would be adopted and modified to more easily fit a Tsaran tongue.<br /> <br /> A very prominant result of these sound shifts was the elimination of the native pronominal structure. With the sound shifts, the distinction between the 2nd and 3rd person was effectively nullified. To counteract this, many speakers began using the local Gallo-Romance pronouns. Increasing contact and extention of this practice gradually resulted in a completely new, completely Gallo-Romance pronoun system -- genitive, nominative, and objective.<br /> <br /> Gallo-Romance has also served to standardize the somewhat chaotic word order in Tsaran. Originally V-S-O, it had developed tendancies towards S-V-O as well as S-O-V, depending on the structure of the sentence and what words were being used! Under analogy with the local French dialects, the word order has settled firmly into S-V-O, with the exception of direct objects. Like French, Middle Tsaran placed its direct objects between the subject and the verb when the direct objects were pronouns themselves. That is, one said "I him see", not "I see him." This pattern was independantly developed of the Gallo-Romance languages, but was reinforced by the contact.<br /> <br /> While originally a great number of terms regarding non-Tsaran technologies and items were adopted from the surrounding languages, it quickly became a favored method to create new terms out of the native lexicon instead. Thus while ''elís'' (church) was adopted from the French ''eglise'' (the Tsara had no notion of a specific building in which to worship before contact with Christianity), the more modern ''socára'' (telephone) is a straightforward coinage (''soc'' - long; ''ára'' - speech)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/tsaran/index.html</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11416 Tsaran 2006-07-23T15:40:51Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font> (Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font> (Late Middle Western Tsaran)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Gallo-Romance Influence===<br /> Linguistic "contamination" was inevitable when the Tsaran began re-establishing ties with the neighboring nations after their arrival in Gaul. A prime factor in this was the Tsaran sound changes -- Tsaran words were primarily mono- or duo-syllabic, and the simplification of diphthongs and softening of intervocalic sounds created a vast amount of homophones in the language. Instead of retaining two identical words (or nearly-identical words) for different concepts, often a neighboring word would be adopted and modified to more easily fit a Tsaran tongue.<br /> <br /> A very prominant result of these sound shifts was the elimination of the native pronominal structure. With the sound shifts, the distinction between the 2nd and 3rd person was effectively nullified. To counteract this, many speakers began using the local Gallo-Romance pronouns. Increasing contact and extention of this practice gradually resulted in a completely new, completely Gallo-Romance pronoun system -- genitive, nominative, and objective.<br /> <br /> Gallo-Romance has also served to standardize the somewhat chaotic word order in Tsaran. Originally V-S-O, it had developed tendancies towards S-V-O as well as S-O-V, depending on the structure of the sentence and what words were being used! Under analogy with the local French dialects, the word order has settled firmly into S-V-O, with the exception of direct objects. Like French, Middle Tsaran placed its direct objects between the subject and the verb when the direct objects were pronouns themselves. That is, one said "I him see", not "I see him." This pattern was independantly developed of the Gallo-Romance languages, but was reinforced by the contact.<br /> <br /> While originally a great number of terms regarding non-Tsaran technologies and items were adopted from the surrounding languages, it quickly became a favored method to create new terms out of the native lexicon instead. Thus while ''elís'' (church) was adopted from the French ''eglise'' (the Tsara had no notion of a specific building in which to worship before contact with Christianity), the more modern ''socára'' (telephone) is a straightforward coinage (''soc'' - long; ''ára'' - speech)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11415 Tsaran 2006-07-23T15:36:18Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font> (Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font> (Late Middle Western Tsaran)<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Gallo-Romance Influence===<br /> Linguistic "contamination" was inevitable when the Tsaran began re-establishing ties with the neighboring nations after their arrival in Gaul. A prime factor in this was the Tsaran sound changes -- Tsaran words were primarily mono- or duo-syllabic, and the simplification of diphthongs and softening of intervocalic sounds created a vast amount of homophones in the language. Instead of retaining two identical words (or nearly-identical words) for different concepts, often a neighboring word would be adopted and modified to more easily fit a Tsaran tongue.<br /> <br /> A very prominant result of these sound shifts was the elimination of the native pronominal structure. With the sound shifts, the distinction between the 2nd and 3rd person was effectively nullified. To counteract this, many speakers began using the local Gallo-Romance pronouns. Increasing contact and extention of this practice gradually resulted in a completely new, completely Gallo-Romance pronoun system -- genitive, nominative, and objective.<br /> <br /> Gallo-Romance has also served to standardize the somewhat chaotic word order in Tsaran. Originally V-S-O, it had developed tendancies towards S-V-O as well as S-O-V, depending on the structure of the sentence and what words were being used! Under analogy with the local French dialects, the word order has settled firmly into S-V-O, with the exception of direct objects. Like French, Middle Tsaran placed its direct objects between the subject and the verb when the direct objects were pronouns themselves. That is, one said "I him see", not "I see him." This pattern was independantly developed of the Gallo-Romance languages, but was reinforced by the contact.<br /> <br /> While originally a great number of terms regarding non-Tsaran technologies and items were adopted from the surrounding languages, it quickly became a favored method to create new terms out of the native lexicon instead. Thus while ''elís'' (church) was adopted from the French ''eglise'' (the Tsara had no notion of a specific building in which to worship before contact with Christianity), the more modern ''socára'' (telephone) is a straightforward coinage (''soc'' - long; ''ára'' - speech)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11414 Tsaran 2006-07-23T15:03:05Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> <br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font> (Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font> (Late Middle Western Tsaran)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11413 Tsaran 2006-07-23T15:01:05Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ky taan ky derentah sul</font><br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah</font><br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana</font><br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> <br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::<font color="purple">Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana.</font> (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.</font> (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. </font><br /> ::(Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::<font color="purple">Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is</font><br /> ::(Late Middle Western Tsaran)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11412 Tsaran 2006-07-23T14:57:42Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> 'Tsaran' refers to any of the various forms of the Tsaran language throughout history. It is spoken by the [[Tsara]] people, a nomadic and xenophobic tribal people thought to have originated in the area of present-day Romania. The language is at root a linguistic isolate, but has borrowed a great deal of Gallo-Romance vocabulary and features due to the Tsara's length stay in France.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> The origins of the Tsaran language are a mystery. Lack of any known sister or parent languages, as well as lack of documented material prior to the Elder Tsaran period, has proven a formidable blockade.<br /> <br /> Without a doubt, the Tsaran tongue is a linguistic isolate, related none of its surrounding neighbors, Indo-European or otherwise. The features of the language do resemble a neighbor have quickly been found to have been borrowed or coincidental. It is supposed from the Tsaran oral history that the Tsendashai may have spoken either a related language or a distinct dialect of Tsaran itself; however, without written records or samples of this speech, this is purely hypothetical.<br /> <br /> ===Proto-Tsaran===<br /> The sole known example of pre-Elder Tsaran speech was found on a fragment of pottery found near Galati, Romania in 1963 (although it remained unidentified until 1998). Whether or not it was written by the Tsara or a neighboring people is unknown. It consists of a single line:<br /> <br /> ::''Ky taan ky derentah sul''<br /> <br /> A possible partial translation was found nearby in 1967:<br /> <br /> ::''...(the) moon the ...(mid)night sun....''<br /> <br /> It is interesting to compare this to the Elder Tsaran equivalent:<br /> <br /> ::''Taandais, sana-elanadais eiah''<br /> <br /> Assuming that it is accurate that the older inscription (dated to approximately 500 BC, four hundred years before the mark of "classical" Elder Tsaran) is indeed a precedessor of Tsaran and not, as some believe, an extinct relative, one can only guess as to what changes and influences must have taken place in the following centuries.<br /> <br /> ===Elder Tsaran (Ley Arah)===<br /> The true "Elder Tsaran" period of the language begins at approximately 200 C.E. and extends through the last decades of the Genocide in the late seventh century. This marks the first structured and recorded instances of the Tsaran language. <br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran is marked by an extremely agglutinative structure both in its nominal and verbal systems; words ranging up to 7 or more syllables are common place. Suffixes are predominant, with only a few prefixes being present. In very early Elder Tsaran, there is evidence of a split first-person plural; an "inclusive we" (the speaker and the person spoken to) and an "exclusive we" (the speaker and some other person, but not the person being spoken to). This distinction was lost early in the history of the language. Also appearing sporadically in Elder Tsaran is a base-nine numbering system, although by the time of "Classical Elder Tsaran" (from which the majority of linguistic evidence comes) the numbering method had been replaced by a decimal (base-ten) system. Elder Tsaran was primarily a V-S-O language, with some instances of S-V-O.<br /> <br /> Elder Tsaran survives to an extent as a scholarly and learned language among well-educated Tsara today (similar to Latin or Sanskrit for Europeans), although it is increasingly rare.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::''Selah'dais isalem arapahjes uun arah, oi'eldahel isalem arapahjes rogana''<br /> ::[Long ago] the whole world had one language, and the people had a common speech<br /> <br /> ===Middle Tsaran===<br /> <br /> The Middle Tsaran period began with the destruction of the Elder Tsaran linguistic records and literature, and the Scattering of the Tsaran people. The lack of literacy and geographic isolation encouraged linguistic variation and change. Middle Tsaran was marked by a gradual preference towards shorter, more analytical constructions, although the inherent agglutinativeness of the language was still extremely apparent. Suffixes and prefixes became more regularized and simplified in their usage. The word order entered a state of flux, becoming about equally V-S-O and S-V-O.<br /> <br /> The most striking result of the Middle Tsaran period was simplifications of diphthongs into their initial vowel sound. Diphthongs throughout the language first lengthened ("ai" becoming "aai"), then dropping the final component ("aa"), and finally shortening in length ("a"). The pronominal system was affected most drastically by this and other sound changes, which set the stage for the elimination of the native pronominal system in favor of a Gallo-Roman one in later years.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> ::Seladais is arapjhes un ara, o'eldahel is arapjhes rogana. (Early Middle)<br /> <br /> ::Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana. (Late Middle [Eastern])<br /> <br /> ===Dialect Divergence===<br /> After the Crossing of the La'esh Na, the Tsaran people were effectively split into two major groups -- the free Eastern population, and the Western population trapped in Pomeillean territory. The two eventually established distinct dialects, although the Western dialect went extinct with the death of the Western Tsara in approximately 750 C.E.<br /> <br /> Within Eastern Tsaran itself, several minor dialects arose and flourished for a period of time. However, with the Renaissance and re-standardization of the Tsaran language between 900 and 1000 C.E., the majority of dialects became moribund in favor of the standardized speech. Nowadays, "dialect" is more a term of accent and a few small vocabularic differences.<br /> <br /> '''Example:'''<br /> <br /> ::Selade as aravajhis un ara, o'eldahel as aravajhis rowana.<br /> ::(Late Middle Eastern Tsaran)<br /> <br /> ::Ara cojhes seladas is un ara, o'ara cojhes rogana ela is<br /> ::(Late Middle Western Tsaran)</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11410 Tsaran 2006-07-23T13:10:40Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||''Unknown isolate''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>''Created by:''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11409 Tsaran 2006-07-23T13:10:20Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||'''Unknown isolate'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>''Created by:''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11408 Tsaran 2006-07-23T13:09:59Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||NE United States / Eastern Canada<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||Modern day, Non-specific alternate earth<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||< 1000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||'''Unknown isolate'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Agglutinative<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||1985-current<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Tsaran&diff=11407 Tsaran 2006-07-23T13:07:41Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||(country)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||(universe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||(number of speakers)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Family<br><br /> &nbsp;Branch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;Subbranch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Language'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||author ||date<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Musbrek&diff=11363 Musbrek 2006-07-22T13:03:54Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Musbrek'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||n/a<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Indo-European<br><br /> &nbsp;Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Musbrek'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||2004<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Musbrek is a Germanic language which shares many characteristics with the Eastern Germanic language family. Many of the word structures and basic grammar, syntax, and pronunciation are very similar and will be familiar to German and English speakers. Much of the grammar is very simplified and regular, making the language easier and quicker to learn than a strictly 'naturalistic' language. Word-building is done through compound words and affixes, with regular manners of forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs. <br /> <br /> <br /> This language was formulated as a 'stealth language.' Its design principles are to be similar enough to English to be easy for a native English speaker to learn, yet individual enough and unique enough to obscure the casual listener or reader from deciphering the conversation. Its vocabulary is drawn primarily from Proto-Germanic and Gothic.<br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/musbrek/grammar.php [Pronunciation and Grammar]</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Musbrek&diff=11362 Musbrek 2006-07-22T13:00:14Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||(country)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||(universe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||(number of speakers)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Family<br><br /> &nbsp;Branch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;Subbranch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Language'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||author ||date<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here <br /> <br /> Musbrek is a Germanic language which shares many characteristics with the Eastern Germanic language family. Many of the word structures and basic grammar, syntax, and pronunciation are very similar and will be familiar to German and English speakers. Much of the grammar is very simplified and regular, making the language easier and quicker to learn than a strictly 'naturalistic' language. Word-building is done through compound words and affixes, with regular manners of forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs. <br /> <br /> <br /> This language was formulated as a 'stealth language.' Its design principles are to be similar enough to English to be easy for a native English speaker to learn, yet individual enough and unique enough to obscure the casual listener or reader from deciphering the conversation. Its vocabulary is drawn primarily from Proto-Germanic and Gothic.<br /> <br /> ===External Link===<br /> http://www.jashan.net/sites/conlangs/musbrek/grammar.php [Pronunciation and Grammar]</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=League_of_Lost_Languages&diff=11361 League of Lost Languages 2006-07-22T12:36:34Z

<p>Jashan: Corrected author/location of "Continental English"</p> <hr /> <div>The '''League of Lost Languages''' ('''LLL''') is a collaborative project about<br /> the survival of languages that existed or could have existed in<br /> the world we live in, but disappeared without leaving any living<br /> descendants. The idea is that in the LLL world, some languages<br /> survived that died out here, without changing the world more than<br /> necessary to accomodate the languages in question. The LLL world<br /> is essentially our world with the same history and geography,<br /> just with a few extra languages.<br /> <br /> Examples include European languages of pre-Indo-European origin, modern East Germanic languages, fictional branches of<br /> Indo-European, sister groups of real-world families and isolates, etc. Of course, this is not limited to Europe. An LLL language could<br /> be yet another of the many diverse languages of the North American Pacific coast, a modern-day descendant of Sumerian or a<br /> pre-Bantu language in the Congo basin. It is also not ultimately necessary that the languages are spoken today; they might be extinct<br /> but having left written records.<br /> <br /> The participants would contribute their conlangs, say where and when they are spoken, and write fake scholarly papers and similar<br /> stuff about them. <br /> <br /> A language contributed to the LLL must fulfill the following criteria:<br /> <br /> # It is ''naturalistic'', i.e. it is plausible as a human language.<br /> # It is ''spoken by humans''; non-human races (even Neanderthal survivals etc.) are out of bounds. (The [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] speaking [[Albic]] and [[Razaric]] are no exception to this: they are humans, not the usual fantasy races.) <br /> # Its ''history is consistent'' with the known history of the real world. This means that all the major events are the same as in our world. This rule puts limits on conculturing, but it also helps avoiding awkward political and religious debates, and concentrating on the languages. <br /> # It is either ''extinct'' (having left behind written records) or spoken by a community ''small'' enough not to make a difference. (This is pretty much an implication of the criterion above.)<br /> <br /> The LLL conducts its business on the [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs lostlangs mailing list].<br /> <br /> ==The languages of the LLL==<br /> <br /> {|<br /> !Language<br /> !Location<br /> !Author<br /> |-<br /> | [[Albic]] family<br /> | British Isles<br /> | [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Channel Island Siouxan]]<br /> | Channel Islands<br /> | [[Kuroda]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Continental English]]<br /> | Unknown (Europe)<br /> | [[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Føtisk]]<br /> | Denmark<br /> | Tristan McLeay<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fusangese]]<br /> | Mexico<br /> | [[Kuroda]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Germanech]]<br /> | Trier, Germany<br /> | [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hairo]]<br /> | Rügen, Germany<br /> | Christian Thalmann<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hattic]]<br /> | Russia<br /> | [[User:IJzeren Jan|Jan van Steenbergen]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hifahoshaj]]<br /> | Texas<br /> | Bob Thornton<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kuman Tyli]]<br /> | Russia/Ukraine<br /> | Isaac Penzev<br /> |-<br /> | [[li~Rumaninu]]<br /> | Congo<br /> | Patrick Dunn<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mærik]]<br /> | Sweden<br /> | [[User:Melroch|Benct Philip Jonsson]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Neo-Khitanese]]<br /> | Kamchatka Peninsula<br /> | [[Kuroda]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Noric]] family<br /> | Austria<br /> | the group<br /> |-<br /> | [[Orinoco English]]<br /> | Venezuela<br /> | Rodlox R<br /> |-<br /> | [[Razaric]] family<br /> | British Isles<br /> | [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Thagojian]]<br /> | Egypt/Palestine/Israel<br /> | Paul Bennett<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Seleted articles from the lostlangs list==<br /> <br /> {|<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Author<br /> ! Title<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/03<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/9 Some thoughts about the linguistic landscape of Europe]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/03<br /> | Christian Thalmann<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/12 Hairo Script Brainstorming]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/05<br /> | Patrick Dunn<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/22 li~Rumaninu]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/10<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/39 pre-Homo sapiens languages; Vinca script]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/10<br /> | Bob Thornton<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/44 Hifahos^aj]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/19<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/72 The British Isles Linguistic Area]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/22<br /> | Isaac Penzev<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/75 First info about Kuman Tyli]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/22<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/77 Some facts about Caucasian languages]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/07/23<br /> | Christian Thalmann<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/78 Hairo Grammar Brainstorm]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/09/04<br /> | Bob Thornton<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/139 Possessives within Hifahoshach]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/09/12<br /> | Bob Thornton<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/178 Hifahoshach Verb Conjugation]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/10/03<br /> | panchakahq<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/197 Turkish Loans in Neo-Khitanese]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/10/05<br /> | Christian Thalmann<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/205 Hairo Page in Progress]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/11/29<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/260 Degrees of volition in Old Albic]<br /> |-<br /> | 2004/12/29<br /> | Bob Thornton<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/263 Revised Hifahoshach phonology]<br /> |-<br /> | 2005/02/20<br /> | Jörg Rhiemeier<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/289 Some Old Albic calendar and mythology stuff]<br /> |-<br /> | 2005/03/27<br /> | Angel<br /> | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lostlangs/message/295 Ynglesh Lawngwedg (Preview)]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:LLL]]<br /> [[Category:Collaborations]]</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=11360 Continental English 2006-07-22T12:29:38Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||Unknown (Europe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||N/A<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||1000-3000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Indo-European<br><br /> &nbsp;Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;West Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Continental English'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating/Inflecting<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] ||2005<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[:User:Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology / Orthography===<br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. Some reconstruction may be possible from surviving samples.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Noun Morphology===<br /> Case has been lost for nouns except for genitive (-es). Pronouns retain nominative, accusative/dative (object case), and genitive. Plurals are formed by addition of -s/-es, as in modern English. The "-en" endings (ox, oxen; child, children) have been lost, but irregular<br /> plurals (foot, feet) remain.<br /> <br /> The personal pronouns '''y''' ("I") and '''thu''' ("you", sg.), for example:<br /> <br /> '''Y''' ("I")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||y {{IPA|[i]}}||we {{IPA|[wɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||me {{IPA|[mɛ]}}||us {{IPA|[ʌs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||myn {{IPA|[min]}}||ur {{IPA|[ʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Thu''' ("you, thou")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||thu {{IPA|[θʌ]}}||ye {{IPA|[jɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||the {{IPA|[θɛ]}}||yeu {{IPA|[jɛʌ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||thyn{{IPA|[θin]}}||yeur {{IPA|[jɛʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example Noun Declension:'''<br /> <br /> '''nam''' ("name")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names{{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}||nameses {{IPA|[namzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''stawn''' ("stone")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones {{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones{{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||stawnes {{IPA|[stɔnəs]}}||stoneses {{IPA|[stonzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Verb Morphology===<br /> <br /> Continental English retains at least five classes of strong verbs, with the following<br /> patterns. While many verbs weakened over time, some weak verbs also became strong by analogy. The chart below shows the vowel gradation for the strong verbs:<br /> <br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|'''Verb Class'''||'''Present'''||'''Past'''||'''Past Participle'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''I''||y||aw||i<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''II''||i||æ||u<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''III''||e||æ||o<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''IV''||e||æ||e<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''V''||''exact rule unknown''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Examples:'''<br /> <br /> I: shyn > shawn > shin ("shine")<br /> <br /> II: fris > fræs > frus ("freeze")<br /> <br /> III: stel > stæl > stol ("steal")<br /> <br /> IV: sprec > spræc > sprec ("speak")<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Sample Passage===<br /> '''Chauser''' ''(original)''<br /> <br /> The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen,<br><br /> That was the kyng Priamus sone of Troye,<br><br /> In lovynge, how his aventures fellen<br><br /> Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie.<br><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Chawser''' ''(Continental English)''<br /> <br /> The tyuwfald car of Troyilus tu tel,<br><br /> Thæt wæs the cyng Priyamus of Troy his sun<br><br /> On lufyng, hu his hap fyaled<br><br /> Ut wawf tu wel, ond æfter ut frawm glædnes.</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=11359 Continental English 2006-07-22T12:28:11Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||Unknown (Europe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||N/A<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||1000-3000<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Indo-European<br><br /> &nbsp;Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;West Germanic<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Continental English'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||SVO<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||Isolating/Inflecting<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||[[Jashan]] ||2005<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Phonology / Orthography===<br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. Some reconstruction may be possible from surviving samples.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Noun Morphology===<br /> Case has been lost for nouns except for genitive (-es). Pronouns retain nominative, accusative/dative (object case), and genitive. Plurals are formed by addition of -s/-es, as in modern English. The "-en" endings (ox, oxen; child, children) have been lost, but irregular<br /> plurals (foot, feet) remain.<br /> <br /> The personal pronouns '''y''' ("I") and '''thu''' ("you", sg.), for example:<br /> <br /> '''Y''' ("I")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||y {{IPA|[i]}}||we {{IPA|[wɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||me {{IPA|[mɛ]}}||us {{IPA|[ʌs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||myn {{IPA|[min]}}||ur {{IPA|[ʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Thu''' ("you, thou")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||thu {{IPA|[θʌ]}}||ye {{IPA|[jɛ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||the {{IPA|[θɛ]}}||yeu {{IPA|[jɛʌ]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||thyn{{IPA|[θin]}}||yeur {{IPA|[jɛʌr]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Example Noun Declension:'''<br /> <br /> '''nam''' ("name")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names{{IPA|[naməs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}||nameses {{IPA|[namzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''stawn''' ("stone")<br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Nom.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones {{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Obj.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones{{IPA|[stonəs]}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Gen.||stawnes {{IPA|[stɔnəs]}}||stoneses {{IPA|[stonzəs]}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Verb Morphology===<br /> <br /> Continental English retains at least five classes of strong verbs, with the following<br /> patterns. While many verbs weakened over time, some weak verbs also became strong by analogy. The chart below shows the vowel gradation for the strong verbs:<br /> <br /> {|border=1<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|'''Verb Class'''||'''Present'''||'''Past'''||'''Past Participle'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''I''||y||aw||i<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''II''||i||æ||u<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''III''||e||æ||o<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''IV''||e||æ||e<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|''V''||''exact rule unknown''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Examples:'''<br /> <br /> I: shyn > shawn > shin ("shine")<br /> <br /> II: fris > fræs > frus ("freeze")<br /> <br /> III: stel > stæl > stol ("steal")<br /> <br /> IV: sprec > spræc > sprec ("speak")<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Sample Passage===<br /> '''Chauser''' ''(original)''<br /> <br /> The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen,<br><br /> That was the kyng Priamus sone of Troye,<br><br /> In lovynge, how his aventures fellen<br><br /> Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie.<br><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Chawser''' ''(Continental English)''<br /> <br /> The tyuwfald car of Troyilus tu tel,<br><br /> Thæt wæs the cyng Priyamus of Troy his sun<br><br /> On lufyng, hu his hap fyaled<br><br /> Ut wawf tu wel, ond æfter ut frawm glædnes.</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=11348 Continental English 2006-07-22T11:43:44Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Spoken in:<br /> ||(country)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:<br /> ||(universe)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Total speakers:<br /> ||(number of speakers)<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Genealogical classification:<br /> ||Family<br><br /> &nbsp;Branch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;Subbranch<br><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Language'''<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Basic word order:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphological type:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font><br /> |-<br /> ||author ||date<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Describe your language here <br /> Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> ===Phonology / Orthography===<br /> <br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. The following is reconstructed from surviving samples:</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=11347 Continental English 2006-07-22T11:43:32Z

<p>Jashan: /* Phonology */</p> <hr /> <div>Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> ===Phonology / Orthography===<br /> <br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. The following is reconstructed from surviving samples:</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Continental_English&diff=11343 Continental English 2006-07-22T11:40:33Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period. <br /> <br /> ===Phonology===<br /> <br /> The phonology of the language has been lost. The following is reconstructed from surviving samples:<br /> <br /> <br/><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /> <br /> {| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"<br /> !colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants<br /> |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"<br /> | ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|ɲ}} || || {{IPA|ŋ}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|ð}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|ʃ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}} || || || {{IPA|x}} || {{IPA|ɣ}} || {{IPA|h}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|j}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> </div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br/><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /> <br /> {| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"<br /> !colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels<br /> |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"<br /> | ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|y}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɯ}} || {{IPA|u}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || || || || || || {{IPA|ʊ}} || || <br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || {{IPA|e}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|o}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || {{IPA|ə}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɔ}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || {{IPA|æ}}<br /> |-<br /> |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || {{IPA|a}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> </div></div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Jashan&diff=11336 User:Jashan 2006-07-22T11:09:16Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br /> |+<big>'''Jashan A'al'''</big><br>(Valeska Scholl)<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Summary:'''<br /> ||Late 20s Caucasian female (lesbian) conlanger & original fiction/fantasy writer. Jashan resides in Oklahoma USA and plans on moving to Europe in mid-2007.<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Birth:'''<br /> || 1979; Oklahoma, USA<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Profession:'''<br /> || Software/network support technician and technical writer<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Natural languages:'''<br /> || English (native), Dutch, French<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Created conlangs:'''<br /> || [[Tsaran]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilushan]]<br /> <br /> [[Ilythiiri Alurl]]<br /> <br /> [[Musbrek]]<br /> <br /> [[Etora]]<br /> <br /> [[Continental English]]<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Other conlangs:'''<br /> || None<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Interests:'''<br /> || Languages, vegetarianism, martial arts, fitness/health, gay/lesbian studies, RPGs (D&D)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ''Jashan A'al'' is a name itself taken from an unnamed (and now lost) conlang, meaning "twilight" or "bridge." It's the internet pen name of Valeska Scholl (me). I am primary a conlanger and dabble in concultures, rather full-scale conworlds. <br /> <br /> <br /> I study and create conlangs with a variety of aims: to create aesthetically pleasing languages, to learn more about a specific type of language, to experiment with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, or for religious designs. I have been seeking a "perfect" (used very loosely) conlang for the expression of my religious and philosophical ideas, for several years. <br /> <br /> <br /> My two most establish conlangs are [[Etora]] and Psharádi (Modern [[Tsaran]]). They share a nearly-identical vocabulary but are radically different in grammatical structure. Etora is gendered [human/animate/inanimate], case-declining [nom/acc/dat/abl], and SOV structure; Psharádi is ungendered, uncased, and SVO order (save in certain situations). <br /> <br /> <br /> ===External Links===<br /> http://www.jashan.net [Personal homepage]</div>

Jashan https://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Jashan&diff=11334 User:Jashan 2006-07-22T10:39:19Z

<p>Jashan: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br /> |+<big>'''MY NAME'''</big><br /> |-<br /> |colspan="2" valign=top| HERE IS PLACE FOR A PICTURE, MAYBE A PICTURE OF ME! :)<br /><br /> [[Image:Conflag_med.png]]<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Birth:'''<br /> || MY DATE OF BIRTH; MY PLACE OF BIRTH, MY COUNTRY OF BIRTH<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Profession:'''<br /> || MY PROFESSION<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Natural languages:'''<br /> || NATURAL LANGUAGES THAT I SPEAK/READ/WRITE<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Created conlangs:'''<br /> || CONLANGS THAT I HAVE CREATED<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Other conlangs:'''<br /> || CONLANGS THAT I KNOW/USE/AM INERESTED IN THAT OTHERS HAVE CREATED<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''Interests:'''<br /> || MY INTERESTS<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''More information:'''<br /> || MORE INFORMATION<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ANY TEXT OF MY CHOICE</div>

Jashan