User:Cedh audmanh/TCR4/Ronc Tyu

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Ronc Tyu text

Láo ric gèn mpsac.

Tà san nà tei tyuc zò ric gèn mpsac wonc dànc. "Tróu ric mbzac ki no ngóu? Tróu ric mbzac śac bwá xie o dzó bù kòun téc tra sun?"

No dao fae níe do tra sun yu fwenc o dzó bù kòun hkwì xie. Tà san nà tei me dànc: "Ki no ngóu mbzac-hxáe. Rao myen myen dźé dro. Tróu ric mbzac lóa kù no ngóu?"

No té gao mbèin o dzó mic myen láo dànc. "Nyú tenc kù no śoc roa! Tśi ngóu mbzac-ploc. Tśi té gao mbèin o dzó hpúoc o dzó té fi mó radźáo mwác. Tśi dro dyen kyáo lo xon. Pyec tenc tśi yoc myen mic ndźù gonc, mbzac-ploc zúc dyòun gyè zènc."

Tà san nà mpao mbzac kei. "Trén nànc hei nàc soc ló ki ric mbzac, bùn tśi yo lei ngòc wo ngèi gibyonc rie ndzì?"

No dao dao kòun nyu pou gonc – o dzó do nàc tyòu to. "Ki mbzac ngóu mbzac-rigéi. Kèc san hei wuo wuo zróu mpsac-rigéi." Dànc tùc nyu ndźei ki ric mbzac.

"Ki táo dzónc. Na sunc yu kèc san hei wuo wuo ngóu na rigéi bùn trùc ndè ndźí suo myèc yu tśi, o rón rei orà kèc wuo wuo zróu mpsac-rigéi, bùn ndźí yo rigéi gibyonc suo rie ngòc. Mbzac-rigéi ngóu no gló. Fùn tenc bún ndźei táe yu tśi. Bún yunc dráo nàenc."

Tà san nà tòc wa tenc dànc ngwae wuc dwá ndzáo ndźei mpsac.


Translation

English

About the different types of ducks.

The great-grandmother teaches the different types of ducks to the children. "What type of duck is this bird? What type of duck behaves like a fish and swims under the water?"

The bird dives into the river and swims around like a fish. The great-grandmother tells the children: "This bird is a cormorant. Let's keep looking. What type of duck is that bird over there?"

The bird sits in the middle of its nest and turns its head to face the children. "It's obvious that that bird is resting comfortably! It's a pot-bellied duck. It sits in the middle of its nest and lays eggs and sits on the eggs to keep them warm. It does this so that its hatchlings will be healthy. When it is hungry and looking for food, the pot-bellied duck walks in a funny waddling manner."

The great-grandmother points at a beautiful duck. "Which name do we give to this type of duck, which decorates its eyes by wearing a dark color around them?"

The bird flies around for a while and finds some food – and it goes there and takes it and eats it! "This duck is a masked duck. Our ancestors become masked ducks." The children already recognize this type of duck.

"This is correct. The faces of our ancestors live on in all the masks that the shaman keeps in his house, and it is said that their souls live on in the masked ducks, who wear a dark mask around the eyes. The masked duck is a significant bird. It's good that you know its story. You pay good attention."

The great-grandmother makes sure that the children learn everything about ducks properly.


Translation of previous text

(Nuim, by phi2dao)

About the types of ducks.

The great-grandmother teaches the children about the types of ducks. "What type (of duck) is this? What type (of duck) becomes like a fish and goes swimming?"

It goes into the river and becomes like a fish. The great-grandmother explains to the children: "It is a cormorant. OK. And what type (of duck) is this?"

It sits in the house and lays eggs and sits on the eggs. "It must feel comfortable! You know, it's a laying duck. It becomes a pot-bellied duck. The pot-bellied duck goes waddling towards its food."

The great-grandmother explains a beautiful duck. "What type (of duck) wears color around the eyes (as an adornment)?"

It flies around them and sees food – and it goes there and takes it! "This duck is a masked duck. Our ancestors become masked ducks." The children already know this type of duck.

"You see, the ancestors do it like the masked ducks and wear color around the eyes (as an adornment). This is correct. It is good, this masked duck. Now pay attention." The great-grandmother teaches the children properly.


Interlinear gloss

Láo
watch
ric
type[POSS]
gèn
ATTR/different
mpsac.
PL/duck
About the different types of ducks.


grandmother
san
related_to
mother
tei
say
tyuc
talk_about
put
ric
type[POSS]
gèn
ATTR/different
mpsac
PL/duck
wonc
BEN
dànc.
PL/child
The great-grandmother teaches the different types of ducks to the children.
"Tróu
which.A
ric
type[POSS]
mbzac
duck
ki
this
no
bird
ngóu?"
COP
"What type of duck is this bird?"
"Tróu
which.A
ric
type[POSS]
mbzac
duck
śac
do
bwá
resemble
xie
fish
o
and
dzó
same.A
swim
kòun
move_around
téc
LOC.DYN
tra
under
sun?"
water
"What type of duck behaves like a fish and swims under the water?"


"No
bird
dao
fly
fae
fall
níe
sink
do
come.to.3I
tra
under
sun
water
yu
of
fwenc
river
o
and
dzó
same.A
swim
kòun
move_around
hkwì
manner_of
xie.
fish
The bird dives into the river and swims around like a fish.
grandmother
san
related_to
mother
tei
say
me
tell
dànc:
PL/child
The great-grandmother tells the children:
"Ki
this
no
bird
ngóu
COP
mbzac-hxáe."
duck-PL/fish
"This bird is a cormorant."
"Rao
in_order_to
myen
look
myen
look
dźé
1PC
dro."
do_the_same
"Let's keep looking."
"Tróu
which.A
ric
type[POSS]
mbzac
duck
lóa
there
that
no
bird
ngóu?"
COP
"What type of duck is that bird over there?"


No
bird
sit
gao
in_middle_of
mbèin
nest
o
and
dzó
same.A
mic
turn_around
myen
look
láo
watch
dànc.
PL/child
The bird sits in the middle of its nest and turns its head to face the children.
"Nyú
PASS/see
tenc
SUB
that
no
bird
śoc
rest
roa!"
feel_comfortable
"It's obvious that that bird is resting comfortably!"
"Tśi
3A.SG
ngóu
COP
mbzac-ploc."
duck-round[3D]
"It's a pot-bellied duck."
"Tśi
3A.SG
sit
gao
in_middle_of
mbèin
nest
o
and
dzó
same.A
hpúoc
lay_eggs
o
and
dzó
same
sit
fi
wrap
cover
radźáo
CAUS-warm
mwác."
eggs
"It sits in the middle of its nest and lays eggs and sits on the eggs to keep them warm."
"Tśi
3A.SG
dro
do_the_same
dyen
so_that
kyáo
PL/baby_bird
lo
become
xon."
healthy
"It does this so that its hatchlings will be healthy."
"Pyec
continue
tenc
SUB
tśi
3A.SG
yoc
hungry
myen
look
mic
turn_around
ndźù
search
gonc,
food
mbzac-ploc
duck-round[3D]
zúc
walk
dyòun
squat
gyè
shift_position
zènc."
funny
"When it is hungry and looking for food, the pot-bellied duck walks in a funny waddling manner."


grandmother
san
related_to
mother
mpao
point_at
mbzac
duck
kei.
ATTR/beautiful
The great-grandmother points at a beautiful duck.
"Trén
which.I
nànc
name
hei
1PL
nàc
take
soc
give
DAT
ki
this
ric
type[POSS]
mbzac,
duck
bùn
REL.A
tśi
3A.SG
yo
wear
lei
decorate
ngòc
eyes
wo
INSTR
ngèi
color
gibyonc
ATTR/dark
rie
around
ndzì?"
3A.COLL
"Which name do we give to this type of duck, which decorates its eyes by wearing a dark color around them?"


No
bird
dao
fly
dao
fly
kòun
move_around
nyu
see
pou
find
gonc
food
o
and
dzó
same.A
do
come.to.3I
nàc
take
tyòu
eat
to.
3I.COLL
The bird flies around for a while and finds some food – and it goes there and takes it and eats it!
"Ki
this
mbzac
duck
ngóu
COP
mbzac-rigéi."
duck-mask
"This duck is a masked duck."
"Kèc
ancestors
san
related_to
hei
1PL
wuo
live
wuo
live
zróu
change_into
mpsac-rigéi."
PL/duck-mask
"Our ancestors become masked ducks."
Dànc
PL/child
tùc
know[savoir]
nyu
see
ndźei
know[connaître]
ki
this
ric
type[POSS]
mbzac.
duck
The children already recognize this type of duck.


"Ki
this
táo
thing
dzónc."
true
"This is correct."
"Na
all
sunc
face
yu
of
kèc
ancestors
san
related_to
hei
1PL
wuo
live
wuo
live
ngóu
COP
na
all
rigéi
mask
bùn
REL.A
trùc
shaman
ndè
keep
ndźí
3A.PL
suo
LOC.STAT
myèc
SGV/village
yu
of
tśi,"
3A.SG
"The faces of our ancestors live on in all the masks that the shaman keeps in his house,"
"o
and
rón
PASS/recite
rei
QUOT
orà
PL/spirit[POSS]
kèc
ancestors
wuo
live
wuo
live
zróu
change_into
mpsac-rigéi
PL/duck-mask
bùn
REL.A
ndźí
3A.PL
yo
wear
rigéi
mask
gibyonc
ATTR/dark
suo
LOC.STAT
rie
around
ngòc."
eyes
"and it is said that their souls live on in the masked ducks, who wear a dark mask around the eyes."
"Mbzac-rigéi
duck-mask
ngóu
COP
no
bird
gló."
ATTR/significant
"The masked duck is a significant bird."
"Fùn
it_is_good
tenc
SUB
bún
2PC
ndźei
know[connaître]
táe
legend
yu
of
tśi."
3A.SG
"It's good that you know its story."
"Bún
2PC
yunc
awake
dráo
eager
nàenc."
clever
"You pay good attention."


grandmother
san
related_to
mother
tòc
watch_out
wa
guard
tenc
SUB
dànc
PL/child
ngwae
do_properly
wuc
hear
dwá
understand
ndzáo
learn
ndźei
know[connaître]
mpsac.
PL/duck
The great-grandmother makes sure that the children learn everything about ducks properly.


Vocabulary

word morphology type meaning
brec pl orà n.a.poss spirit, soul, personality
v.it swim, float
bùn pron (relative pronoun, animate)
bún pron (2nd person paucal)
bwá v.it be similar, be like, resemble
dao v.it fly
do v.it come, approach (towards something inanimate)
dráo v.it be eager, be motivated
dro v.it do the same thing (generic proverb, can stand in for a whole verb phrase including the object)
dwá v.tr understand
dyen cj so that
dyòun v.it kneel, squat, crouch
dzó pron the same one (animate)
dzónc v.it be true, be correct
dźé pron (1st person paucal)
fae v.it fall
fi v.tr wrap, cover
fùn v.aux "it is good [that]..."
fwenc n.a river
gao pp.n in the middle of
gonc n.i.coll food
gyè v.it move sideways, shift one's position
hei pron (1st person plural)
hkwì pp.v in the manner of
hpúoc v.it lay eggs
kèc n.a.coll ancestors
ki det this, these
kòun v.it move around, go (nowhere in particular), roam, wander
det that, those
láo v.tr watch, look at (when used as a coverb: about, concerning)
lei v.tr decorate
lo v.aux become
pp.v for, to (dative)
lóa adv there
màc sgv myèc n.i.coll village (sgv: house)
mbèin n.i nest (of birds or other animals)
mbzac pl mpsac n.a duck, goose
me v.tr tell, say towards
mic v.it turn around
v.tr cover, protect
mpao v.tr single out, point at
mwác n.i.coll eggs
myen v.it look (intransitive)
na qu all (of many)
n.a mother, maternal aunt
nàc v.tr choose, take, use
nàenc v.it be intelligent, be clever
nànc n.i name
ndè v.tr store, keep, retain
ndzáo v.tr learn (mental knowledge)
ndzì pron (3rd person animate paucal/collective)
ndźei v.tr know, be acquainted with (cf. French connaître)
ndźí pron (3rd person animate plural)
ndźù v.tr search for
ngèi n.i color
ngèn attr gèn v.it be different, be distinct, be unusual, be foreign
ngòc n.a.coll eyes
ngóu v.tr be (copula)
ngwae v.it do properly, do well
níe v.it sink, dive
no n.a bird
nyào pl kyáo n.a chick, baby bird
nyu pass nyú v.tr see
o cj and, also (used with clauses)
ploc v.it be round (3D)
pou v.tr find, discover
pwanc pl dànc n.a child
pyec v.it keep happening, continue
pyonc attr gibyonc v.it be black, be dark
radźáo v.tr keep sb./sth. warm
rao cj in order to, with the goal of (also used to introduce hortative statements, lit. "in order to do X, we do it")
rei cj (quotative complementizer, introduces reported speech)
ric n.i.poss type, kind, variety, species
rie pp.n around
rigéi n.a mask
roa v.it feel comfortable, be at ease
ron pass rón v.tr recite, tell (a story), hand down (a tradition)
san pp.n socially related to
soc v.tr give
sun n.i.coll water
sunc n.a face
suo pp.v at, on (static locative)
śac v.tr do, make, behave (generic proverb)
śoc v.it rest, relax, take a break
n.a grandmother
táe n.a story, legend
táo n.i thing, item
v.it sit
téc pp.v near, around (dynamic locative)
tei v.tr say, speak
tenc cj (complementizer)
to pron (3rd person inanimate collective)
attr gló v.it be significant, have a hidden meaning
tòc v.it watch out, be vigilant
tra pp.n under, at the bottom of
trén det which? (interrogative inanimate)
tróu det which? (interrogative animate)
trùc n.a priest, shaman
tśi pron (3rd person animate singular/singulative)
tùc v.tr know how to do sth. (cf. French savoir; expresses experiential aspect when used in a SVC)
tyòu v.tr eat
tyuc v.tr talk about, discuss
wa v.tr protect, guard
wo pp.v with, by, using (instrumental)
wonc pp.v for the benefit of (benefactive)
wuc v.tr hear, listen
wuo v.it breathe, be alive
xei attr kei v.it be pretty, be beautiful
xie pl hxáe n.a fish
xon v.it be healthy
yo v.tr wear (clothes)
yoc v.it be empty, be hungry
yu pp.n of, belonging to, associated with
yunc v.it be awake, be alert, pay attention
zènc v.it joke, be playful, be funny
v.tr put, place
zróu v.tr change, convert, turn into
zúc v.it walk


Idiomatic serial verb constructions

collocation type meaning notes
nyu ndźei svc.tr recognize (lit. see know)
té fi mó radźáo svc.tr breed (of birds) (lit. sit wrap cover keep-warm)
tei tyuc zò svc.tr teach (lit. say talk-about put)
yunc dráo nàenc svc.it pay attention (lit. be-awake be-eager be-clever)
zúc dyòun gyè svc.it waddle (lit. walk squat move-sideways)


Grammar notes

Nouns

  • Nouns can be animate or inanimate, countable or collective, and optionally or obligatorily possessed.
  • Countable nouns inflect for plural number. Plural forms which occur in this text and are distinct from the singular are given in the wordlist.
  • Collective nouns refer to a collection of items by default, and may inflect for singulative number if only one single member of the collection is referenced. Singulative forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
  • Obligatorily possessed nouns must be followed immediately by their possessor, without any explicit marking. Optionally possessed nouns form possessive phrases with a preposition.
  • Compound nouns can be formed head-initially. Both nominal and verbal roots may be used in the modifier position of such compounds.

Verbs

  • Verbs inflect for passive voice and for the attributive (a kind of participle, which makes up for the fact that Ronc Tyu does not have a lexical class of adjectives). All passive and attributive forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
  • Reduplicating a verb root indicates habitual, iterative, or continuative aspect.

Prepositions

  • Ronc Tyu distinguishes between two types of prepositions: Adnominal prepositions (pp.n) refer only to noun phrases (e.g. "the tree on the hill"), whereas adverbial prepositions (pp.v) always refer to the clause (e.g. "I'm standing on the hill"). Adnominal prepositions may be nested within an adverbial prepositional phrase.

Syntax

  • The basic word order is SVO.
  • Phrases are typically head-initial, with modifiers following their heads.
  • Ronc Tyu frequently uses serial verb constructions (SVC) consisting of two or more verbs to describe complex actions and situations, with the component verbs typically appearing in the chronological order of subevents. Some common collocations have a slightly idiomatic meaning, but most of the SVC instances in this text should be fairly transparent.
  • Some types of SVC can also serve a grammatical purpose, but this occurs only once in this text and has been noted in the wordlist.
  • Relative clauses always contain an overt pronoun referring to the relativized element within the relative clause (i.e. they follow a pronoun-retention strategy).
  • Content questions asking for a specific noun phrase are formed by adding a special interrogative determiner and fronting the entire phrase. Pronoun retention does not apply in questions, so there will be no coreferential pronoun later on in the sentence.
  • Passive verbs followed by a complementizer are sometimes used to make impersonal general statements.


Links

Grammar: http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu