Nordaþ uses 50 different noun inflections. There are 22 cases named in English - the rest are formed with affixed postpositions. As how in English prepositions can become adverbs, so too can affixed postpositions in Nordaþ. The singular neuter form is always taken and the suffix "lis" is attached to it. As an adverb, it stands alone.
Named cases
There are 31 named cases in Nordaþ. This section describes them in detail as well as gives samples.
Abessive
The abessive case marks "without". It is the opposite of the comitative/sociative case. It is applied as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| änmi |
Mäg nän kyne su-änmi leibän.
|
|
I can't live without you.
|
Ablative
The ablative case marks "from off of" or "away from". It is applied as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| älti |
Hus-älti de-drive þe ilkarapaan.
|
|
The car drove away from the house.
|
Accusative
The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. If there is a preceeding ï in front of this suffix, it is eliminated (but only for the back-vowel form). It is applied as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| tei |
Mäg äte Krysli-tei.
|
|
I eat Krysli.
|
Addesive
The addessive case replaces the preposition "on". It is applied as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| äni |
E lene þe käütš-äni.
|
|
It's on the couch.
|
Allative
The allative case replaces in many languages what is the preposition for "onto". It is attached to the noun as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| änti |
Þe käütš-änti þe kägi-tei re-pyte, betlis.
|
|
Please put the keys on the couch.
|
Causal
The causal case marks "because of". If there is a preceeding 'f' in front of this suffix, that letter will be dropped.
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| frymi |
Þes lene allis su-frymi.
|
|
This is all because of you.
|
Causal-Final
The causal-final case marks "for" or "in order to have a".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| änsi |
De-lainate raha-tei ne hus-änsi.
|
|
I borrowed money for a house.
|
Comitative/Sociative
The comitative/sociative case replaces "with". It is the opposite of the abessive case.
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| midi |
Þe ilkarapaan lene klangsystem-midi fe-salje.
|
|
The car is sold with a sound system.
|
Dative
This case replaces the "to the" (direction) prepositional phrase.
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| äti |
Re-gehe iei þe hus-äti järvu-äeti.
|
|
Let's go to the lake house.
|
Distributive
The distributive case is the equivalent of English's "per".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| peri |
E lene penkesi euro-peri.
|
|
It's five for a Euro.
|
Elative
Elative replaces the "out of" prepositional phrase in English. It is used as follows:
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| esvi |
Hus-esvi de-rääne lä.
|
|
He walked out of the house.
|
Essive
The essive case marks "as the", a temporary state of being.
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| ivi |
Kilt-ivi me-ride þe bus-tai.
|
|
As a child, I rode the bus.
|
Genitive
The genitive case marks possession. In English, it is usually "'s" or "of the".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| isi |
Mäg-isi lene!
|
|
It's mine!
|
Illative
The illative case replaces "into".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| ämi |
Lä gehei þe tunele-ämi Kyväni-Mjot, lopu.
|
|
He's going into the Kyväni-Mjot tunnel, over.
|
Inessive
The inessive case marks "inside of".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| inäni |
Þe gerektrym-inäni lene þe kilt.
|
|
The child is in the courtroom.
|
Instrumental
The instrumental case marks "by means of". This is not to be confused with "via", which means "by way of".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| þairi |
Gehe luda-ändi bylgang-þairi.
|
|
I go to school by subway.
|
Lative
The lative case is used where English would use "towards".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| ändi |
Re-gehe nän lukta-ändi!
|
|
Don't walk towards the light!
|
Locative
The locative case is used where English would use "at".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| äeti |
Mäges libliest kafeïkyf lene 99-äeti ja H-äeti.
|
|
My favourite coffee shop is at 99th and H.
|
Nominative
The nominative case marks the subject of a verb.
The nominative case is unmarked; however, nouns in the nominative often end in -e.
Prolative
The prolative case is used for "via" - by way of.
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| vii |
Mäg sekle veklis Stukse Flus-vii.
|
|
I'm sailing away on the River Styx.
|
Prosecutive
The prosecutive case marks "along".
| Postposition
|
Example
|
| yti |
Mäg ja lä bortwek-yti de-rääne.
|
|
She and I walked along the boardwalk.
|
Postpositions
The untitled inflections are self-explanatory. They replace postpositions.
About
About is not used for "near", but as a descriptor.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
bï |
be
|
| Singular Masculine |
bïa |
biä
|
| Singular Neuter |
bïï |
bi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
bïn |
ben
|
Above
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ubï |
ybe
|
| Singular Masculine |
uba |
ybä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ubïï |
ybi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ubïn |
yben
|
Across
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
apï |
äpe
|
| Singular Masculine |
apa |
äpä
|
| Singular Neuter |
apïï |
äpi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
apïn |
äpen
|
After
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
avï |
äve
|
| Singular Masculine |
ava |
ävä
|
| Singular Neuter |
avïï |
ävi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
avïn |
även
|
Against
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
agï |
äge
|
| Singular Masculine |
aga |
ägä
|
| Singular Neuter |
agïï |
ägi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
agïn |
ägen
|
Among
Preceeding m's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
mangï |
mänge
|
| Singular Masculine |
manga |
mängä
|
| Singular Neuter |
mangïï |
mängi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
mangïn |
mängen
|
Around
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
unbï |
ynbe
|
| Singular Masculine |
unba |
ynbä
|
| Singular Neuter |
unbïï |
ynbi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
unbïn |
ynben
|
As
In the condition or role of. Preceeding g's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
gïkï |
geke
|
| Singular Masculine |
gïka |
gekä
|
| Singular Neuter |
gïkïï |
geki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
gïkïn |
geken
|
Before
Preceeding in time.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
airï |
aire
|
| Singular Masculine |
aira |
airä
|
| Singular Neuter |
airïï |
airi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
airïn |
airen
|
Below
Preceeding d's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
dïþï |
deþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
dïþa |
deþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
dïþïï |
deþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
dïþïn |
deþen
|
Beneath
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
afï |
äfe
|
| Singular Masculine |
afa |
äfä
|
| Singular Neuter |
afïï |
äfi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
afïn |
äfen
|
Beside
Preceeding n's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
nïkï |
nike
|
| Singular Masculine |
nïka |
nikä
|
| Singular Neuter |
nïkïï |
niki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
nïkïn |
niken
|
Between
Preceeding t's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
tïkï |
tike
|
| Singular Masculine |
tïka |
tikä
|
| Singular Neuter |
tïkïï |
tiki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
tïkïn |
tiken
|
Beyond
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïþï |
iþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïþa |
iþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïþïï |
iþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïþïn |
iþen
|
Despite
Preceeding b's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
baidï |
baide
|
| Singular Masculine |
baida |
baidä
|
| Singular Neuter |
baidïï |
baidi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
baidïn |
baiden
|
During
Preceeding m's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
mïþï |
mïþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
mïþa |
mïþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
mïþïï |
mïþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
mïþïn |
mïþen
|
For
Intended for.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
aivï |
aive
|
| Singular Masculine |
aiva |
aivä
|
| Singular Neuter |
aivïï |
aivi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
aivïn |
aiven
|
For
On behalf of, concerning, or representing.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
jïnï |
jene
|
| Singular Masculine |
jïna |
jenä
|
| Singular Neuter |
jïnïï |
jeni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
jïnïn |
jenen
|
For
In favour of.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
unï |
yne
|
| Singular Masculine |
una |
ynä
|
| Singular Neuter |
unïï |
yni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
unïn |
ynen
|
For
Because of.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
danï |
däne
|
| Singular Masculine |
dana |
dänä
|
| Singular Neuter |
danïï |
däni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
danïn |
dänen
|
For
In exchange for. Preceeding p's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
prï |
pre
|
| Singular Masculine |
pra |
prä
|
| Singular Neuter |
prïï |
pri
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
prïn |
pren
|
For
Indicating distance.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïkï |
ïke
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïka |
ïkä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïkïï |
ïki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïkïn |
ïken
|
From
Preceeding f's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
famï |
fäme
|
| Singular Masculine |
fama |
fämä
|
| Singular Neuter |
famïï |
fämi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
famïn |
fämen
|
Outside
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
asï |
äse
|
| Singular Masculine |
asa |
äsä
|
| Singular Neuter |
asïï |
äsi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
asïn |
äsen
|
Over
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïvï |
ive
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïva |
ivä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïvïï |
ivi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïvïn |
iven
|
Unlike
Preceeding v's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
vïrï |
vere
|
| Singular Masculine |
vïra |
virä
|
| Singular Neuter |
vïrïï |
viri
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
vïrïn |
viren
|
Until
Preceeding v's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
untï |
ynte
|
| Singular Masculine |
unta |
yntä
|
| Singular Neuter |
untïï |
ynti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
untïn |
ynten
|
Up
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
abï |
äbe
|
| Singular Masculine |
aba |
äbä
|
| Singular Neuter |
abïï |
äbi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
abïn |
äben
|
